{"id":36281,"date":"2019-10-31T22:10:39","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/spravochnaya-chego-zhdat-ot-fedora-silverblue\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:10:39","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:39","slug":"spravochnaya-chego-zhdat-ot-fedora-silverblue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/spravochnaya-chego-zhdat-ot-fedora-silverblue","title":{"rendered":"Inform\u0101cija: ko gaid\u012bt no Fedora Silverblue","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
Apsprie\u017eam nemain\u012bgas OS \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/h5>\n

\n\"Inform\u0101cija:<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Clem Onojeghuo<\/a><\/noindex> Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

K\u0101 par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s Silverblue<\/h2>\n

\nFedora Silverblue ir nemain\u012bga desktop oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113ma. Taj\u0101 visas lietotnes tiek palaistas izol\u0113t\u0101s konteiner\u0113s, un atjaunin\u0101jumi tiek instal\u0113ti atom\u0101r\u0101 veid\u0101.<\/p>\n

Agr\u0101k projekts tika saukts Fedora Atomic Workstation<\/a><\/noindex>. V\u0113l\u0101k to p\u0101rd\u0113v\u0113ja par Silverblue. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju teikto, vi\u0146i apsv\u0113ra vair\u0101k nek\u0101 150 nosaukuma variantus. Silverblue izv\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s vienk\u0101r\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c, ka bija pieejams \u0161\u0101ds br\u012bvs dom\u0113ns un konti soci\u0101lajos t\u012bklos.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Atjaunin\u0101t\u0101 sist\u0113ma aizvietoja<\/a><\/noindex> Fedora Workstation par priorit\u0101ro izstr\u0101di desktop datoriem Fedora 30. Autori saka, ka n\u0101kotn\u0113 Silverblue var\u0113tu piln\u012bb\u0101 aizst\u0101t<\/a><\/noindex> Fedora Workstation.<\/p>\n

Viens no Hacker News dal\u012bbniekiem nor\u0101d\u012bja<\/a><\/noindex>, ka Silverblue koncepcija ir sava veida projekta Stateless Linux<\/a><\/noindex>att\u012bst\u012bba. To Fedora populariz\u0113ja apm\u0113ram pirms desmit gadiem. Stateless Linux bija paredz\u0113ta, lai vienk\u0101r\u0161otu pl\u0101no un apa\u013co klientu administr\u0113\u0161anu. Taj\u0101 ar\u012b visi sist\u0113mas konfigur\u0101cijas faili tika atv\u0113rti tikai las\u0101m\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101.<\/p>\n

K\u0101das priek\u0161roc\u012bbas sniedz \"neizmain\u0101m\u012bba\"<\/h2>\n

\nTermins \"neizmain\u0101ma oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113ma\" noz\u012bm\u0113, ka saknes un lietot\u0101ja direktorijas tiek mont\u0113tas tikai las\u0101m\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101. Visi main\u0101mie dati tiek izvietoti direktorij\u0101 \/var. L\u012bdz\u012bgu metodi izmanto izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji ChromeOS<\/a><\/noindex> un macOS Catalina<\/a><\/noindex>. \u0160\u0101da pieeja palielina oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas dro\u0161\u012bbu un ne\u013cauj dz\u0113st sist\u0113mas failus (piem\u0113ram, k\u013c\u016bdas d\u0113\u013c).<\/p>\n

Viens no Hacker News dal\u012bbniekiem tematiskais pavedien\u0101 st\u0101st\u012bja<\/a><\/noindex>, ka reiz nejau\u0161i izdz\u0113sa virkni sist\u0113mas failu, modific\u0113jot Ubuntu Yaru t\u0113mu. Vi\u0146\u0161 nedab\u016bja atpaka\u013c vi\u0146a datus k\u013c\u016bdas d\u0113\u013c regex. P\u0113c vi\u0146a teikt\u0101, nemain\u012bga OS pal\u012bdz\u0113tu izvair\u012bties no probl\u0113m\u0101m.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nVienk\u0101r\u0161ojas ar\u012b atjaunin\u0101jumu uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana \u2014 tam pietiek ar jaunas att\u0113la restart\u0113\u0161anu. Papildus ir iesp\u0113ja \u0101tri p\u0101rsl\u0113gties starp vair\u0101kiem zariem (izlaidumiem) Fedora. Piem\u0113ram, starp pa\u0161laik izstr\u0101d\u0101to Fedora versiju Rawhide<\/a><\/noindex> un repozitoriju updates-testing<\/a><\/noindex> ar gataviem atjaunin\u0101jumiem.<\/p>\n

Kas ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas no klasisk\u0101s Fedora<\/h2>\n

\nPamatvide ( \/ un \/usr ) tiek uzst\u0101d\u012bta, izmantojot OSTree tehnolo\u0123iju. Var teikt, ka t\u0101 ir \"pakot\u0146u versiju vad\u012bbas\" sist\u0113ma. RPM<\/a><\/noindex>RPM pakotnes tiek p\u0101rv\u0113rstas OSTree repozitorij\u0101, izmantojot rpm-ostree. Uzst\u0101dot pakotni, t\u0101 izveido<\/a><\/noindex> atjauno\u0161anas punktu, uz kuru var atgriezties d\u012bkst\u0101ves gad\u012bjum\u0101.<\/p>\n

OSTree ar\u012b \u013cauj<\/a><\/noindex> instal\u0113t lietotnes no dnf\/yum repozitorijiem un repozitorijiem, kas netiek atbalst\u012bti Fedora. T\u0101p\u0113c viet\u0101, lai izmantotu komandu dnf install, j\u0101izmanto rpm-ostree install. Sist\u0113ma izveidos jaunu oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas pamata att\u0113lu un nomain\u012bs to uzst\u0101d\u012bto.<\/p>\n

K\u0101 meh\u0101nisms lietot\u0146u atjaunin\u0101\u0161anai tiek izmantots Flatpack<\/a><\/noindex>. Tas tos palai\u017e konteineros. Flatpack pakotne ietver tikai specifiskas attiec\u012bbas, kas piem\u0113rotas konkr\u0113tai lietotnei. Visas pamatbibliot\u0113kas (piem\u0113ram, GNOME un KDE bibliot\u0113kas) paliek piesaist\u012btas runtime vid\u0113m. \u0160\u0101da pieeja \u013cauj samazin\u0101t pakot\u0146u izm\u0113ru \u2014 izsl\u0113dzot no t\u0101m atk\u0101rtojo\u0161us komponentus.<\/p>\n

\"Inform\u0101cija:
\n\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Jonatans Larsons<\/a><\/noindex> Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

Lai instal\u0113tu lietotnes, kas nav paket\u0113tas Flatpack, var izmantot Toolbox<\/a><\/noindex>. Tas \u013cauj izveidot konteineru ar klasisko Fedora instal\u0113t\u0101ju.<\/p>\n

L\u012bdz\u012bgas risin\u0101jumi<\/h2>\n

\nIr ar\u012b citi izplat\u012bjumi, kuru uzdevumi ir l\u012bdz\u012bgi Silverblue. Piem\u0113rs var\u0113tu b\u016bt MicroOS<\/a><\/noindex> no openSUSE. Tas nav patst\u0101v\u012bgs izplat\u012bjums, bet da\u013ca openSUSE Kubic platformas, kas paredz\u0113ta CaaS (Container as a Service) izv\u0113r\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

Sist\u0113ma str\u0101d\u0101 ar Docker konteineriem. To att\u0113li tiek izplat\u012bti RPM pakot\u0146u form\u0101t\u0101. Tas atvieglo<\/a><\/noindex> komandl\u012bnijas balst\u012btu lietot\u0146u instal\u0101ciju, kuras nav pieejamas Flatpack form\u0101t\u0101. Host-sist\u0113ma konteineru palai\u0161anai veidojas, pamatojoties uz ofici\u0101lo repozitoriju. openSUSE Tumbleweed<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

MicroOS tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ts, lai to izv\u0113rstu pla\u0161\u0101s vid\u0113s (piem\u0113ram, datu centros), ta\u010du sp\u0113j darboties ar\u012b uz atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101m iek\u0101rt\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Cits l\u012bdz\u012bgs izstr\u0101d\u0101jums var kalpot k\u0101 NixOS<\/a><\/noindex>. Tas ir Linux izplat\u012bjums, kura pamat\u0101 ir Nix pakot\u0146u mened\u017eeris. T\u0101 galven\u0101 iez\u012bme ir deklarat\u012bvs konfigur\u0101ciju apraksts. Administratori nesniedz sist\u0113mas manu\u0101lu uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anu un konfigur\u0113\u0161anu. St\u0101vokli ieraksta \u012bpa\u0161\u0101 fail\u0101: tur tiek nor\u0101d\u012btas visas pakotnes un autentifik\u0101cijas iestat\u012bjumi. P\u0113c tam pakot\u0146u mened\u017eeris autom\u0101tiski piel\u0101go OS nor\u0101d\u012btajam st\u0101voklim.<\/p>\n

\u0160o sist\u0113mu akt\u012bvi izmanto<\/a><\/noindex> izmanto m\u0101ko\u0146a pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ji, universit\u0101tes un IT uz\u0146\u0113mumi.<\/p>\n

Jebkur\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 Silverblue ir iesp\u0113ja iekarot savu ni\u0161u tirg\u016b. Vai tas izdosies \u2014 redz\u0113sim n\u0101kotn\u0113.<\/p>\n

\nMateri\u0101li no Pirm\u0101 bloga par korporat\u012bvo IaaS:<\/b><\/p>\n