{"id":36652,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/lyubit-i-ne-lyubit-dns-over-https\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:57","slug":"lyubit-i-ne-lyubit-dns-over-https","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/lyubit-i-ne-lyubit-dns-over-https","title":{"rendered":"\u201eM\u012bl un nem\u012bl\u201d: DNS p\u0101r HTTPS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Apspried\u012bsim viedok\u013cus par DNS over HTTPS darb\u012bbas \u012bpatn\u012bb\u0101m, kas p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 ir k\u013cuvu\u0161as par \u00abstr\u012bd\u012bgu jaut\u0101jumu\u00bb starp interneta pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113jiem un p\u0101rl\u016bkprogrammu izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/461431\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u201eM\u012bl un nem\u012bl\u201d: DNS p\u0101r HTTPS\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/56e79a71ff1fb4c89cc60779cd248fcd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>\/ Unsplash \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/NPKk_3ZK2DY\">Steve Halama<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Nesaska\u0146u b\u016bt\u012bba<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/zakdoffman\/2019\/07\/05\/mozilla-slammed-as-internet-villain-for-letting-children-visit-banned-websites\/\">liel\u0101kie mediji<\/a><\/noindex> un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/news\/comments\/bhn8hn\/dns_over_https_is_coming_whether_isps_and\/\">tematisk\u0101s platformas<\/a><\/noindex> (t.sk. Habr), bie\u017ei raksta par DNS over HTTPS (DoH) protokolu. Tas \u0161ifr\u0113 piepras\u012bjumus uz DNS serveri un atbildes uz tiem. \u0160\u0101da pieeja \u013cauj sl\u0113pt saimniekdom\u0113nus, uz kuriem lietot\u0101js v\u0113rsas. No publik\u0101cij\u0101m var secin\u0101t, ka jaunais protokols (IETF <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc8484\">apstiprin\u0101ja to<\/a><\/noindex> 2018. gad\u0101) ir sadal\u012bjis IT kopienu div\u0101s nometn\u0113s.<\/p>\n<p>Puse uzskata, ka jaunais protokols palielin\u0101s interneta dro\u0161\u012bbu un to ievie\u0161 sav\u0101s lietojumprogramm\u0101s un pakalpojumos. Otrs puse uzskata, ka tehnolo\u0123ija vienk\u0101r\u0161i apgr\u016btina sist\u0113mu administratoru darbu. T\u0101l\u0101k apl\u016bkosim abu pu\u0161u argumentus. <\/p>\n<h2>K\u0101 darbojas DoH<\/h2>\n<p>\nPirms p\u0101rie\u0161anas pie sarunas par to, k\u0101p\u0113c interneta pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ji un citi tirgus dal\u012bbnieki ir par vai pret DNS over HTTPS, \u012bsum\u0101 izskat\u012bsim t\u0101 darb\u012bbas principus.<\/p>\n<p>DoH gad\u012bjum\u0101 piepras\u012bjums uz IP adreses noteik\u0161anu tiek iek\u013cauts HTTPS satiksm\u0113. Tad tas tiek nos\u016bt\u012bts uz HTTP serveri, kur tas tiek apstr\u0101d\u0101ts, izmantojot API. \u0160eit ir piepras\u012bjuma piem\u0113rs no RFC 8484 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc8484\">6. lpp.<\/a><\/noindex>):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">   :method = GET\n   :scheme = https\n   :authority = dnsserver.example.net\n   :path = \/dns-query?\n           dns=AAABAAABAAAAAAAAAWE-NjJjaGFyYWN0ZXJsYWJl\n           bC1tYWtlcy1iYXNlNjR1cmwtZGlzdGluY3QtZnJvbS1z\n           dGFuZGFyZC1iYXNlNjQHZXhhbXBsZQNjb20AAAEAAQ\n   accept = application\/dns-message\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nT\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di DNS satiksme ir sl\u0113pta HTTPS satikm\u0113. Klients un serveris sazin\u0101s standartport\u0101 443. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 piepras\u012bjumi uz dom\u0113nu sist\u0113mu paliek anon\u012bmi.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u0101p\u0113c to nepat\u012bk<\/h2>\n<p>\nPretinieki DNS over HTTPS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2018\/10\/30\/dns_over_https_controversy\/\">nor\u0101da<\/a><\/noindex>, ka jaunais protokols samazin\u0101s savienojumu dro\u0161\u012bbu. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/paulvixie\/status\/1053765281917661184\">v\u0101rdiem<\/a><\/noindex> Polu Viksi (Paul Vixie), DNS izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju komandas dal\u012bbnieku, sist\u0113mu administratoriem b\u016bs gr\u016bt\u0101k blo\u0137\u0113t potenci\u0101li kait\u012bgas vietnes. Parastie lietot\u0101ji \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101 zaud\u0113s iesp\u0113ju iestat\u012bt vec\u0101ku kontroli p\u0101rl\u016bkprogramm\u0101s.<\/p>\n<p>Pola viedokli atbalsta ar\u012b Lielbrit\u0101nijas interneta pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ji. Valsts likumdo\u0161ana <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kingdom\">nosaka<\/a><\/noindex> tiem blo\u0137\u0113t resursus ar aizliegtu saturu. Ta\u010du DoH atbalsts p\u0101rl\u016bkprogramm\u0101s apgr\u016btina datu pl\u016bsmas filtr\u0113\u0161anu. Starp jaun\u0101 protokola kriti\u0137iem ir ar\u012b Lielbrit\u0101nijas vald\u012bbas komunik\u0101ciju centrs (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8\">GCHQ<\/a><\/noindex>) un fonds Internet Watch Foundation (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet_Watch_Foundation\">IWF<\/a><\/noindex>), kur\u0161 uztur blo\u0137\u0113to resursu re\u0123istru.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>M\u016bsu emu\u0101r\u0101 Habr\u0101:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/457106\/\">Kar\u0161 ar robocalliem ASV \u2014 kur\u0161 uzvar un k\u0101p\u0113c<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/452312\/\">Britu telekomunik\u0101ciju uz\u0146\u0113mumi kompens\u0113s abonentiem par sakaru p\u0101rtraukumiem<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nEksperti nor\u0101da, ka DNS over HTTPS var k\u013c\u016bt par kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas apdraud\u0113jumu. J\u016blija s\u0101kum\u0101 kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas speci\u0101listi no Netlab <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/first-ever-malware-strain-spotted-abusing-new-doh-dns-over-https-protocol\/\">atkl\u0101ja<\/a><\/noindex> pirmo v\u012brusu, kas izmantoja jauno protokolu DDoS uzbrukumu veik\u0161anai \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.netlab.360.com\/an-analysis-of-godlua-backdoor-en\/\">Godlua<\/a><\/noindex>. \u013caunprogrammat\u016bra izmantoja DoH, lai ieg\u016btu tekstu ierakstus (TXT) un izvilktu komandu serveru URL adreses.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160ifr\u0113tie DoH piepras\u012bjumi netika atpaz\u012bti ar pretv\u012brusu programm\u0101m. Kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas speci\u0101listi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/GossiTheDog\/status\/1146138461969244160\">ba\u017e\u012bj\u0101s<\/a><\/noindex>, ka p\u0113c Godlua var n\u0101kt citi \u013caunprogrammat\u016bru veidi, kas ir neredzami pas\u012bvai DNS uzraudz\u012bbai.<\/p>\n<h2>Tom\u0113r ne visi ir pret<\/h2>\n<p>\nDNS over HTTPS aizst\u0101v\u012bbu sav\u0101 emu\u0101r\u0101 sniedza <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.potaroo.net\/ispcol\/2018-10\/doh.html\">izteic\u0101s<\/a><\/noindex> APNIC in\u017eenieris D\u017eefs Hj\u016bstons (Geoff Houston). Vi\u0146a teikt\u0101, jaunais protokols \u013caus c\u012bn\u012bties ar DNS hijacking uzbrukumiem, kas p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 k\u013c\u016bst arvien izplat\u012bt\u0101ki. \u0160is fakts <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/information-technology\/2019\/01\/a-dns-hijacking-wave-is-targeting-companies-at-an-almost-unprecedented-scale\/\">apstiprina<\/a><\/noindex> janv\u0101ra zi\u0146ojum\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bja kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas uz\u0146\u0113mums FireEye. Protokola izstr\u0101di atbalst\u012bja ar\u012b lielas IT komp\u0101nijas.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0113l p\u0113rn\u0101 gada s\u0101kum\u0101 DoH s\u0101ka test\u0113t Google. Pirms m\u0113ne\u0161a uz\u0146\u0113mums <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.googblogs.com\/google-public-dns-over-https-doh-supports-rfc-8484-standard\/\">prezent\u0113ja<\/a><\/noindex> izlaida DoH pakalpojuma General Availability versiju. Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/threatpost.com\/google-announces-dns-over-https-general-availability\/146057\/\">cer,<\/a><\/noindex>ka tas palielin\u0101s personas datu dro\u0161\u012bbu t\u012bkl\u0101 un aizsarg\u0101s no MITM uzbrukumiem.<\/p>\n<p>Cits p\u0101rl\u016bkprogrammu izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101js \u2014 Mozilla \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.nightly.mozilla.org\/2018\/06\/01\/improving-dns-privacy-in-firefox\/\">atbalsta<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0ieviest DNS over HTTPS kop\u0161 pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gada vasaras. \u0160aj\u0101 laik\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mums akt\u012bvi populariz\u0113 jauno tehnolo\u0123iju IT vid\u0113. Par to Internet Services Providers Association (ISPA) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/uk-isp-group-names-mozilla-internet-villain-for-supporting-dns-over-https\/\">pat nomin\u0113ja<\/a><\/noindex> Mozillu balvai \"Gada interneta \u013caundaris\". Atbildot, uz\u0146\u0113muma p\u0101rst\u0101vji <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/zakdoffman\/2019\/07\/05\/mozilla-slammed-as-internet-villain-for-letting-children-visit-banned-websites\/\">atz\u012bm\u0113ja<\/a><\/noindex>, ka ir v\u012blu\u0161ies par operatoru nev\u0113l\u0113\u0161anos uzlabot novecoju\u0161o interneta infrastrukt\u016bru.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u201eM\u012bl un nem\u012bl\u201d: DNS p\u0101r HTTPS\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/611a1f2d8248e7d61b969c71e5f14d31.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\/ Unsplash \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/MyzdAXPgr_8\">TETrebbien<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Mozillas atbalstam <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2019\/07\/12\/ispa_hands_awards_to_bt_and_openreach_following_mozilla_gaffe\/\">izteic\u0101s lielie mediji<\/a><\/noindex> un da\u017ei interneta pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ji. Jo \u012bpa\u0161i British Telecom <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icann.org\/sites\/default\/files\/packages\/ids-2019\/08-fidler-icann-dns-symposium-a-uk-isp-view-on-doh-issue-11may19-en.pdf\">uzskata<\/a><\/noindex>apgalvoja, ka jaunais protokols neietekm\u0113s satura filtr\u0113\u0161anu un uzlabos britu lietot\u0101ju dro\u0161\u012bbu. Sabiedr\u012bbas spiediena d\u0113\u013c ISPA <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispa.org.uk\/ispa-withdraws-mozilla-internet-villain-nomination-and-category\/\">bija spiesta atsaukt<\/a><\/noindex> \"\u013caun\u0101\" nomin\u0101ciju.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0101pat par DNS over HTTPS ievie\u0161anu st\u0101j\u0101s m\u0101ko\u0146pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ji, piem\u0113ram, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/how-to-enable-dns-over-https-doh-in-firefox\/\">Cloudflare<\/a><\/noindex>. Vi\u0146i jau pied\u0101v\u0101 DNS pakalpojumus, kas balst\u012bti uz jauno protokolu. Pilns p\u0101rl\u016bkprogrammu un klientu saraksts ar DoH atbalstu ir pieejams uz\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/curl\/curl\/wiki\/DNS-over-HTTPS\">GitHub<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Jebkur\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 pagaid\u0101m nav runas par divu pu\u0161u pretst\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas nosl\u0113g\u0161anos. IT speci\u0101listi prognoz\u0113, ka, ja DNS over HTTPS tom\u0113r ir lemts k\u013c\u016bt par da\u013cu no masu interneta tehnolo\u0123iju staka, tam b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ams <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/packetpushers.net\/response-doh-dns-over-https-explained-apnic-blog\/\">ne viens vien gadsimts<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Par ko v\u0113l m\u0113s rakst\u0101m m\u016bsu uz\u0146\u0113muma emu\u0101r\u0101:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/seti\/kak-postroena-set-internet-provajdera\/\">K\u0101 ir veidota interneta pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ja t\u012bkls<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/seti\/osnovnye-servisy-v-setyax-internet-provajdera\/\">Galvenie pakalpojumi interneta pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ju t\u012bklos<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/telekom\/konvergenciya-i-unifikaciya-neskolko-zadach-na-odnom-ustrojstve\/\">Konver\u0123ence un vienot\u012bba \u2014 vair\u0101kas uzdevumu risin\u0101\u0161ana ar vienu ier\u012bci<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/461431\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b DNS over HTTPS, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u044f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u00bb \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \/ Unsplash \/ Steve Halama \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0421\u041c\u0418 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 (\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440), \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 DNS over HTTPS (DoH). \u041e\u043d \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043a DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e 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