{"id":37551,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/govorim-o-devops-na-ponyatnom-yazyke\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:16","slug":"govorim-o-devops-na-ponyatnom-yazyke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/govorim-o-devops-na-ponyatnom-yazyke","title":{"rendered":"M\u0113s run\u0101jam par DevOps saprotam\u0101 valod\u0101","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Gr\u016bti izprast galveno, run\u0101jot par DevOps? M\u0113s esam apkopoju\u0161i spilgtas analo\u0123ijas, tr\u0101p\u012bgas defin\u012bcijas un ekspertu ieteikumus, kas pal\u012bdz\u0113s non\u0101kt pie j\u0113gas pat tiem, kas nav speci\u0101listi. Beig\u0101s bonus \u2013 Red Hat darbinieku pa\u0161u DevOps.<\/p>\n

\"M\u0113s
\n
\nTermins DevOps rad\u0101s pirms 10 gadiem un ir izvirz\u012bjies no t\u0113mtura Twitter l\u012bdz sp\u0113c\u012bgam kult\u016bras kust\u012bbu IT pasaul\u0113, patiesai filozofijai, kas mudina izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jus \u0101tr\u0101k ieg\u016bt rezult\u0101tus, eksperiment\u0113t un virz\u012bties uz priek\u0161u pa iter\u0101cij\u0101m. DevOps ir neizdal\u0101mi saist\u012bts ar digit\u0101l\u0101s transform\u0101cijas j\u0113dzienu. Ta\u010du, k\u0101 tas bie\u017ei vien notiek ar IT terminolo\u0123iju, DevOps ir izveidojies ap daudziem defin\u012bcij\u0101m, interpret\u0101cij\u0101m un maldiem par sevi.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nT\u0101d\u0113\u013c bie\u017ei vien ir dzirdami jaut\u0101jumi par DevOps, piem\u0113ram, vai tas ir tas pats, kas agile? Vai t\u0101 ir k\u0101da \u012bpa\u0161a metodolo\u0123ija? Vai tas ir tikai v\u0113l viens sinon\u012bms v\u0101rdam \u2018sadarb\u012bba\u2019?<\/p>\n

DevOps ietver daudz da\u017e\u0101du koncepciju (nep\u0101rtraukta pieg\u0101de, nep\u0101rtraukta integr\u0101cija, automatiz\u0101cija u.tml.), t\u0101p\u0113c izcelt galveno var b\u016bt gr\u016bti, \u012bpa\u0161i, ja jums ir interese par \u0161o t\u0113mu. Tom\u0113r \u0161\u012b prasme ir \u013coti noder\u012bga, nav svar\u012bgi, vai j\u016bs g\u0101d\u0101jat savas idejas savam priek\u0161niekam vai vienk\u0101r\u0161i st\u0101st\u0101t par savu darbu k\u0101dam no tuviniekiem vai pazi\u0146\u0101m. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c pagaid\u0101m noliksim mal\u0101 DevOps terminolo\u0123ijas nianses un koncentr\u0113simies uz visp\u0101r\u0113jo ainu.<\/p>\n

Kas ir DevOps: 6 defin\u012bcijas un analo\u0123ijas<\/h3>\n

\nM\u0113s l\u016bdz\u0101m ekspertus paskaidrot DevOps b\u016bt\u012bbu maksim\u0101li vienk\u0101r\u0161i un \u012bsi, lai t\u0101s v\u0113rt\u012bba b\u016btu saprotama las\u012bt\u0101jam ar jebk\u0101du tehnisko sagatavot\u012bbu. P\u0113c \u0161o sarunu rezult\u0101tiem m\u0113s izv\u0113l\u0113j\u0101mies spilgt\u0101k\u0101s analo\u0123ijas un tr\u0101p\u012bgas formul\u0113jums, kas pal\u012bdz\u0113s jums veidot savu st\u0101stu par DevOps.<\/p>\n

1. DevOps \u2013 t\u0101 ir kult\u016bras kust\u012bba<\/h4>\n

\n\u201eDevOps \u2013 t\u0101 ir kult\u016bras kust\u012bba, kur\u0101 abas puses (programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji un IT sist\u0113mu darb\u012bbas speci\u0101listi) atz\u012bst, ka programmat\u016bra nenes re\u0101las priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, kam\u0113r to k\u0101ds nepie\u0146em: pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ji, klienti, darbinieki \u2013 nav b\u016btiski,\u201d uzsver Evel\u012bna Eirliha (Eveline Oehrlich), DevOps instit\u016bta vec\u0101k\u0101 anal\u012bti\u0137e-p\u0113tniece. \u201eT\u0101d\u0113\u013c abas \u0161\u012bs puses kop\u0101 nodro\u0161ina \u0101tru un kvalitat\u012bvu programmat\u016bras pieg\u0101di.\u201d<\/p>\n

2. DevOps \u2013 tas ir tas, kas pie\u0161\u0137ir izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem varu<\/h4>\n

\n\u00abDevOps dod att\u012bst\u012bt\u0101jiem pilnvaras p\u0101rvald\u012bt lietojumprogrammas, to palai\u0161anu un pieg\u0101des vad\u012bbu no s\u0101kuma l\u012bdz beig\u0101m\u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00abParasti par DevOps run\u0101 k\u0101 par veidu, k\u0101 pa\u0101trin\u0101t lietojumprogrammu pieg\u0101di produkcij\u0101, izveidojot un izmantojot automatiz\u0113tus procesus, \u2013 saka D\u017eai \u0160naips (Jai Schniepp), DevOps platformu direktors apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas komp\u0101nij\u0101 Liberty Mutual. \u2013 Bet man tas ir daudz fundament\u0101l\u0101ks jaut\u0101jums. DevOps dod att\u012bst\u012bt\u0101jiem pilnvaras p\u0101rvald\u012bt lietojumprogrammas vai konkr\u0113tas da\u013cas no programmat\u016bras, to palai\u0161anu un pieg\u0101des vad\u012bbu no s\u0101kuma l\u012bdz beig\u0101m. DevOps nov\u0113r\u0161 neskaidr\u012bbas atbild\u012bb\u0101 un virza visus procesa dal\u012bbniekus uz automatiz\u0113tas un att\u012bst\u012bt\u0101ja vad\u012btas infrastrukt\u016bras izveidi.\u00bb<\/p>\n

3. DevOps \u2013 sadarb\u012bba lietojumprogrammu izstr\u0101d\u0113 un pieg\u0101d\u0113<\/h4>\n

\n\u00abVienk\u0101r\u0161i sakot, DevOps ir t\u0101da pieeja programmat\u016bras ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 un pieg\u0101d\u0113, kur visi str\u0101d\u0101 kop\u0101\u00bb, \u2013 nor\u0101da Gurs Stafs, BMC digit\u0101l\u0101 biznesa automatiz\u0101cijas vad\u012bt\u0101js.<\/p>\n

4. DevOps \u2013 tas ir konveijers<\/h4>\n

\n\u00abKonveijera mont\u0101\u017ea ir iesp\u0113jama tikai tad, ja visas deta\u013cas savstarp\u0113ji der.\u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00abEs sal\u012bdzin\u0101tu DevOps ar automobi\u013cu mont\u0101\u017eas konveijeri, \u2013 turpina Gurs Stafs. \u2013 Ideja ir iepriek\u0161 izstr\u0101d\u0101t un izgatavot visus komponentus t\u0101, lai v\u0113l\u0101k tos var\u0113tu salikt bez individu\u0101l\u0101s piel\u0101go\u0161anas. Konveijera mont\u0101\u017ea ir iesp\u0113ja tikai tad, ja visas deta\u013cas savstarp\u0113ji der. Tie, kas projekt\u0113 un ra\u017eo dzin\u0113ju, ir j\u0101dom\u0101 par to, k\u0101 pievienot to pie korpusa vai \u0161asijas. Tie, kas ra\u017eo bremzes, ir j\u0101dom\u0101 par rite\u0146iem, un t\u0101 t\u0101l\u0101k. Tie\u0161i t\u0101pat ar\u012b ar programmat\u016bru. <\/p>\n

Izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jam, kur\u0161 izstr\u0101d\u0101 biznesa lo\u0123iku vai lietot\u0101ja saskarni, ir j\u0101dom\u0101 par datub\u0101zi, kas glab\u0101 inform\u0101ciju par klientiem, par dro\u0161\u012bbas l\u012bdzek\u013ciem, lai aizsarg\u0101tu lietot\u0101ju datus, k\u0101 ar\u012b par to, k\u0101 viss darbosies, kad pakalpojums s\u0101ks apkalpot lielu, varb\u016bt pat miljoniem lietot\u0101ju.\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u201ePan\u0101kt, lai cilv\u0113ki sadarbojas un dom\u0101 par t\u0101m darba da\u013c\u0101m, ko veic citi, nevis koncentr\u0113jas tikai uz saviem uzdevumiem, ir liel\u0101kais \u0161\u0137\u0113rslis, ko b\u016bs j\u0101p\u0101rvar. Ja tas izdodas, jums b\u016bs lieliskas iesp\u0113jas digit\u0101l\u0101s transform\u0101cijas veik\u0161anai,\u201d piebilst Gurs Staf.<\/p>\n

5. DevOps \u2013 pareiz\u0101 cilv\u0113ku, procesu un automatiz\u0101cijas kombin\u0101cija<\/h4>\n

\nD\u017eeina Groll (Jayne Groll), DevOps instit\u016bta izpilddirektore, pied\u0101v\u0101ja lielisku analo\u0123iju, lai izskaidrotu DevOps. Vi\u0146aspr\u0101t, \u201eDevOps ir k\u0101 kulin\u0101rijas recepte, kur\u0101 ir tr\u012bs galven\u0101s sast\u0101vda\u013cu kategorijas: cilv\u0113ki, procesi un automatiz\u0101cija. Vairumu \u0161o sast\u0101vda\u013cu var \u0146emt no cit\u0101m jom\u0101m un avotiem: Lean, Agile, SRE, CI\/CD, ITIL, vad\u012bba, kult\u016bra, instrumenti. DevOps nosl\u0113pums, t\u0101pat k\u0101 ikviena laba recepte, ir pareizi piemekl\u0113t proporcijas un sajaukt \u0161\u012bs sast\u0101vda\u013cas, lai palielin\u0101tu darbu \u0101trumu un efektivit\u0101ti, veidojot un palaidot lietotnes.\u201d<\/p>\n

6. DevOps \u2013 tas ir, kad programm\u0113t\u0101ji str\u0101d\u0101 k\u0101 Formulas-1 komanda<\/h4>\n

\n\u201eSacens\u012bbas pl\u0101noto no fini\u0161a uz startu, nevis otr\u0101di.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201eRun\u0101jot par to, ko gaid\u012bt no DevOps iniciat\u012bvas, es piem\u0113ru nule par NASCAR vai Formulas-1 sac\u012bk\u0161u komandu,\u201d saka Kriss \u0160orts (Chris Short), Red Hat m\u0101ko\u0146u platformu m\u0101rketinga vad\u012bt\u0101js un DevOps\u2019ish izlaidumu izdev\u0113js. \u201eT\u0101das komandas vad\u012bt\u0101jam ir viena m\u0113r\u0137is: sasniegt maksim\u0101li iesp\u0113jamo vietu sac\u012bk\u0161u rezult\u0101tos, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 komandas resursus un piedz\u012bvot\u0101s gr\u016bt\u012bbas. Sacens\u012bbas pl\u0101noto ne no starta uz fini\u0161u, bet no fini\u0161a uz startu. S\u0101kum\u0101 tiek noteikts ambiciozs m\u0113r\u0137is, p\u0113c tam noskaidroti ce\u013ci t\u0101 sasnieg\u0161anai. P\u0113c tam tie tiek sadal\u012bti uzdevumos un dele\u0123\u0113ti komandas locek\u013ciem.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00abVisu ned\u0113\u013cu pirms sacens\u012bb\u0101m komanda pilnveido pitstopus. Tiek veikti sp\u0113ka un kardio treni\u0146i, lai b\u016btu form\u0101 izsistaj\u0101 sacens\u012bbu dien\u0101. T tiek improviz\u0113ta kop\u012bga r\u012bc\u012bba jebk\u0101du probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anai, kas var rasties sacens\u012bbu laik\u0101. L\u012bdz\u012bgi izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju komandai ir j\u0101att\u012bsta prasmes bie\u017eai jaunu versiju izlai\u0161anai. Ar \u0161\u0101d\u0101m prasm\u0113m un nosl\u012bp\u0113tu dro\u0161\u012bbas sist\u0113mu jaunu versiju izlaide ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 notiek bie\u017e\u0101k. \u0160\u012bs dom\u0101\u0161anas ietvaros \u0101truma pieaugums noz\u012bm\u0113 dro\u0161\u012bbas pieaugumu,\u00bb saka \u0160orts.<\/p>\n

\u00abNeiet runa par to, lai dar\u012btu \u201cpareiz\u0101s lietas\u201d, \u2013 piebilst \u0160orts, \u2013 bet gan par to, lai nov\u0113rstu p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas vair\u0101k lietu, kas trauc\u0113 sasniegt v\u0113lamo rezult\u0101tu. Sadarbojieties un piel\u0101gojieties, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 re\u0101llaik\u0101 sa\u0146emto atsauksmju. Esiet gatavi anom\u0101lij\u0101m un str\u0101d\u0101jiet pie kvalit\u0101tes uzlabo\u0161anas, lai samazin\u0101tu to ietekmi uz ce\u013cu uz m\u0113r\u0137i. Tie\u0161i to m\u0113s sagaid\u0101m DevOps pasaul\u0113\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\"M\u0113s
\n<\/p>\n

K\u0101 papla\u0161in\u0101t DevOps: 10 padomi no ekspertiem<\/h3>\n

\nParasts DevOps un masveida DevOps ir absol\u016bti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas lietas. M\u0113s past\u0101st\u012bsim, k\u0101 p\u0101rvar\u0113t \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013cus ce\u013c\u0101 no pirm\u0101 uz otro.<\/b><\/p>\n

Daudz\u0101m organiz\u0101cij\u0101m ce\u013c\u0161 uz DevOps s\u0101kas viegli un pat\u012bkami. Tiek veidotas nelielas kaisl\u012bgas komandas, vec\u0101s proced\u016bras tiek aizst\u0101tas ar jauniem, un pirmie pan\u0101kumi nen\u0101k ilgi j\u0101gaida.<\/p>\n

Diem\u017e\u0113l tas ir tikai viltus mirdzums, progres\u0101 il\u016bzija, k\u0101 saka Bens Grinels (Ben Grinnell), North Highland konsult\u0101ciju firmas digit\u0101lo tehnolo\u0123iju vad\u012bt\u0101js. Agri pan\u0101kumi protams sniedz cer\u012bbu, bet nepal\u012bdz sasniegt galveno m\u0113r\u0137i, proti, masveida DevOps pielietojumu organiz\u0101cij\u0101.<\/p>\n

Viegl\u0101k ir redz\u0113t, ka rezult\u0101t\u0101 veidojas kult\u016bra, kur\u0101 tiek dal\u012bts uz \u201cm\u0113s\u201d un \u201cvi\u0146i\u201d.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00abBie\u017ei vien organiz\u0101cijas uzs\u0101k \u0161\u0101dus pionieru projektus, uzskatot, ka tie izveidos ce\u013cu uz masveida DevOps, nesaprotot, vai citi v\u0113l\u0113sies sekot \u0161im ce\u013cam, \u2013 skaidro Bens Grinnels. \u2013 Komandas \u0161\u0101du projektu realiz\u0113\u0161anai parasti piepilda ar pa\u0161p\u0101rliecin\u0101tiem \"v\u0101rie\u0161iem\", kuri jau ir dar\u012bju\u0161i ko l\u012bdz\u012bgu citur, bet ir ies\u0101c\u0113ji j\u016bsu organiz\u0101cij\u0101. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 vi\u0146us mudina p\u0101rk\u0101pt un lauzt noteikumus, kas ir oblig\u0101ti visiem p\u0101r\u0113jiem. Viegl\u0101 redz\u0113t, ka rezult\u0101t\u0101 tiek veidota kult\u016bra, kas piln\u012bgi atdala \u00abm\u016bs\u00bb un \u00abvi\u0146us\u00bb, kas kav\u0113 zin\u0101\u0161anu un prasmju nodo\u0161anu.\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00abUn \u0161\u012b kult\u016bras probl\u0113ma ir tikai viena no iemesliem, k\u0101p\u0113c DevOps ir gr\u016bti m\u0113rogot. DevOps komandas saskaras ar pieaugo\u0161\u0101m tehnisk\u0101m gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m, kas rakstur\u012bgas strauji augo\u0161\u0101m komp\u0101nij\u0101m, kas ir liku\u0161as uzsvaru uz IT tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m, \u2013 saka St\u012bvs \u0145\u016bmens (Steve Newman), skalyr uz\u0146\u0113muma dibin\u0101t\u0101js un valdes priek\u0161s\u0113d\u0113t\u0101js.<\/p>\n

\u00abM\u016bsdienu pasaul\u0113 pakalpojumi main\u0101s t\u016bl\u012bt, kad rodas t\u0101da vajadz\u012bba. Past\u0101v\u012bgi ieviest un ieviest jaunas funkcijas, protams, ir lieliski, bet koordin\u0113t \u0161o procesu un nov\u0113rst radu\u0161\u0101s probl\u0113mas ir patiesi gr\u016bti, \u2013 piebilst St\u012bvs \u0145\u016bmens. \u2013 \u013boti strauji augo\u0161\u0101s organiz\u0101cij\u0101s in\u017eenieri kross-funkcion\u0101lo komandu ietvaros c\u012bn\u0101s, lai saglab\u0101tu iesp\u0113ju izsekot izmai\u0146\u0101m un to izrais\u012btajiem \u0137\u0113des efektiem atkar\u012bbas l\u012bmen\u012b. Turkl\u0101t in\u017eenieriem noteikti nepat\u012bk, kad vi\u0146iem tiek at\u0146emta \u0161\u012b iesp\u0113ja, un rezult\u0101t\u0101 vi\u0146iem k\u013c\u016bst gr\u016bt\u0101k saprast radu\u0161\u0101s probl\u0113mas b\u016bt\u012bbu.\u00bb<\/p>\n

K\u0101 p\u0101rvar\u0113t iepriek\u0161 min\u0113t\u0101s gr\u016bt\u012bbas un p\u0101riet uz masveida DevOps izmanto\u0161anu liel\u0101 organiz\u0101cij\u0101? Eksperti aicina b\u016bt paciet\u012bgiem, pat ja j\u016bsu gal\u012bgais m\u0113r\u0137is ir pa\u0101trin\u0101t programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101des ciklu un biznesa procesus.<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Atcerieties, ka kult\u016bras izmai\u0146\u0101m ir nepiecie\u0161ams laiks.<\/h4>\n

\nD\u017eane Groll (Jayne Groll), DevOps instit\u016bta izpilddirektore:<\/b> \u00abManupr\u0101t, DevOps papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai j\u0101b\u016bt tikpat pak\u0101peniskai un iterat\u012bvai k\u0101 agile izstr\u0101dei (un t\u0101pat j\u0101ietver kult\u016bra). Gan Agile, gan DevOps uzsvars ir uz maz\u0101m komand\u0101m. Ta\u010du, palielinoties \u0161o komandu skaitam un to integr\u0101cijai, m\u0113s ieg\u016bstam arvien vair\u0101k cilv\u0113ku, kas pielieto jaun\u0101s darba metodes, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 notiek pla\u0161a kult\u016bras transform\u0101cija\u00bb.<\/p>\n

2. Piev\u0113rsiet pietiekami daudz laika pl\u0101no\u0161anai un platformas izv\u0113lei<\/h4>\n

\nEran Kinsbr\u016bners (Eran Kinsbruner), Perfecto galvenais tehniskais eva\u0146\u0123\u0113lists:<\/b> \u00abLai m\u0113rogo\u0161ana b\u016btu veiksm\u012bga, DevOps komand\u0101m s\u0101kum\u0101 j\u0101iem\u0101c\u0101s apvienot tradicion\u0101los procesus, r\u012bkus un prasmes, un tad pak\u0101peniski j\u0101kopj katra atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 DevOps f\u0101ze un j\u0101stabiliz\u0113 to. Viss s\u0101kas ar r\u016bp\u012bgu lietot\u0101ju st\u0101stu pl\u0101no\u0161anu (userstory) un v\u0113rt\u012bbas pl\u016bsmas izstr\u0101di (valuestream), p\u0113c tam tiek uzs\u0101kts programmat\u016bras rakst\u012b\u0161anas un versiju kontroles posms, izmantojot trunk-based development vai citus pieejas, kas vislab\u0101k der kod\u0113\u0161anas zarojumam un apvieno\u0161anai\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00abTad seko integr\u0101cijas un test\u0113\u0161anas posms, kur jau nepiecie\u0161ama m\u0113rogojama platforma automatiz\u0101cijai. \u0160aj\u0101 posm\u0101 DevOps komand\u0101m ir svar\u012bgi izv\u0113l\u0113ties pareizo platformu, kas atbilstu vi\u0146u prasmju l\u012bmenim un projekta galvenajiem m\u0113r\u0137iem. <\/p>\n

N\u0101kam\u0101 f\u0101ze \u2013 izv\u0113r\u0161ana ra\u017eo\u0161anas vid\u0113, un tai j\u0101b\u016bt piln\u012bb\u0101 automatiz\u0113tai, izmantojot orkestras r\u012bkus un konteinerus. \u0160aj\u0101 posm\u0101 ir svar\u012bgi, lai visos DevOps posmos b\u016btu virtualiz\u0113tas vides (ra\u017eo\u0161anas vides simulators, kvalit\u0101tes kontroles vide un re\u0101l\u0101 ra\u017eo\u0161anas vide) un vienm\u0113r testiem izmantotu tikai jaun\u0101kos datus, lai ieg\u016btu aktu\u0101lus secin\u0101jumus. Anal\u012btikai j\u0101b\u016bt gudrai un sp\u0113j\u012bgai apstr\u0101d\u0101t lielos datus ar \u0101tru un efekt\u012bvu atgriezenisko saiti\u00bb.<\/p>\n

3. Atbr\u012bvojiet atbild\u012bbu no vainas piegar\u0161as<\/h4>\n

\nGordons Hafs (Gordon Haff), RedHat eva\u0146\u0123\u0113lists:<\/b> \u00abSist\u0113mas un atmosf\u0113ras rad\u012b\u0161ana, kas \u013cauj un veicina eksperimentus, \u013cauj \u012bstenot t\u0101 sauktos sekm\u012bgos neveiksm\u012bgos m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumus agile programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101d\u0113. Tas nenoz\u012bm\u0113, ka par neveiksm\u0113m vairs neviens nav atbild\u012bgs. Paties\u012bb\u0101 atbild\u012bg\u0101 noteik\u0161ana k\u013c\u016bst pat viegl\u0101ka, jo \u201eb\u016bt atbild\u012bgam\u201d vairs nenoz\u012bm\u0113 \u201ek\u013c\u016bt par av\u0101rijas vaininieku\u201d. T\u0101tad atbild\u012bbas b\u016bt\u012bba iev\u0113rojami main\u0101s. \u0160aj\u0101 kontekst\u0101 ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi \u010detri faktori: neveiksmes m\u0113rogs, pieejas, ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesi un stimuli\u00bb. (S\u012bk\u0101k par \u0161iem faktoriem lasiet Gordona Hafa rakst\u0101 \u201eDevOps lessons: 4 aspects of healthy experiments\u201d.)<\/p>\n

4. Izskaidrojiet ce\u013cu uz priek\u0161u<\/h4>\n

\nBen Grinnell, North Highland konsult\u0101ciju firmas digit\u0101lo tehnolo\u0123iju direktors un izpilddirektors:<\/b> \u00abLai sasniegtu m\u0113rogojam\u012bbu, iesaku kop\u0101 ar pionieru projektiem uzs\u0101kt programmu \u201cce\u013ca izskaidro\u0161ana\u201d. \u0160\u012bs programmas m\u0113r\u0137is ir no\u0146emt atkritumus, kas paliek aiz DevOps pionieriem, piem\u0113ram, novecoju\u0161as noteikumu un citu l\u012bdz\u012bgu lietu, lai ce\u013c\u0161 uz priek\u0161u paliktu br\u012bvs\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00abDodiet cilv\u0113kiem organizatorisko atbalstu un veiciniet sazi\u0146u, kas p\u0101rsniedz pionieru grupu, pla\u0161i svinot jauno darba meto\u017eu pan\u0101kumus. Apm\u0101ciet cilv\u0113kus, kas b\u016bs iesaist\u012bti n\u0101kamaj\u0101 DevOps projektu viln\u012b un uztraucas, ka \u0161os principus pielieto pirmo reizi. Un atcerieties, ka \u0161ie cilv\u0113ki iev\u0113rojami at\u0161\u0137iras no pionieriem\u00bb.<\/p>\n

5. Padariet r\u012bkus demokr\u0101tisk\u0101kus<\/h4>\n

\nSt\u012bvs Newmans, Scalyr dibin\u0101t\u0101js un valdes priek\u0161s\u0113d\u0113t\u0101js:<\/b> \u00abR\u012bkiem nevajadz\u0113tu b\u016bt sl\u0113ptiem no cilv\u0113kiem, un tiem j\u0101b\u016bt sal\u012bdzino\u0161i vienk\u0101r\u0161i apg\u016bstamiem ikvienam, kur\u0161 ir gatavs velt\u012bt tam laiku. Ja iesp\u0113ja piepras\u012bt \u017eurn\u0101lus ir pie\u0161\u0137irta tikai trim \u201esertific\u0113tiem\u201d cilv\u0113kiem, kas str\u0101d\u0101 ar k\u0101du r\u012bku, jums vienm\u0113r b\u016bs maksim\u0101li tr\u012bs cilv\u0113ki, kas var\u0113s risin\u0101t attiec\u012bgo probl\u0113mu, pat ja jums ir \u013coti liela apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161anas vide. Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, \u0161eit veidojas \u0161aurs vietas, kas var rad\u012bt nopietnas (uz\u0146\u0113mumam) sekas\u00bb.<\/p>\n

6. Izveidojiet ide\u0101lus apst\u0101k\u013cus komandas darbam<\/h4>\n

\nToms Kl\u0101rks, ITV kop\u0113j\u0101s platformas vad\u012bt\u0101js:<\/b> \u00abJ\u016bs varat dar\u012bt visu, bet ne visu uzreiz. T\u0101p\u0113c izvirziet lielus m\u0113r\u0137us, s\u0101ciet no maz\u0101m liet\u0101m un virzieties uz priek\u0161u \u0101tr\u0101s iter\u0101cij\u0101s. Ar laiku j\u016bs ieg\u016bsiet komandas reput\u0101ciju, kurai viss izdodas, t\u0101p\u0113c citi ar\u012b v\u0113l\u0113sies izmantot j\u016bsu metodes. Un neskrieniet p\u0113c augst\u0101kas efekt\u012bv\u0101s komandas veido\u0161anas. T\u0101 viet\u0101 nodro\u0161iniet cilv\u0113kiem ide\u0101lus darba apst\u0101k\u013cus, un efektivit\u0101te n\u0101ks pati par sevi\u00bb.<\/p>\n

7. Neaizmirstiet par Konveja likumu un kanbanu d\u0113l\u0113m<\/h4>\n

\nLogans Deigls (Logan Daigle), programmat\u016bras pieg\u0101des un DevOps strat\u0113\u0123ijas direktors uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 CollabNetVersionOne:<\/b> \u00abIr svar\u012bgi apzin\u0101ties Konveja likuma sekas. Man\u0101 br\u012bv\u0101 interpret\u0101cij\u0101 \u0161is likums nosaka, ka produkti, kurus m\u0113s rad\u0101m, un procesi, ko m\u0113s izmantojam, tai skait\u0101 DevOps, izveidojas t\u0101d\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 veid\u0101 k\u0101 m\u016bsu organiz\u0101cija\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00abJa organiz\u0101cij\u0101 ir augsta izol\u0101cija, un pl\u0101no\u0161anas, rad\u012b\u0161anas un programmat\u016bras laidien\u0101 vad\u012bba vair\u0101kk\u0101rt p\u0101rn\u0101k no rokas uz roku, efektam no m\u0113rogo\u0161anas b\u016bs nulle vai t\u0101 b\u016bs \u012bslaic\u012bga. Ja organiz\u0101cija veido starpfunkcion\u0101las komandas ap produktiem, kas tiek finans\u0113ti ar tirgu orient\u0113tu pieeju, tad izredzes uz pan\u0101kumiem strauji palielin\u0101s\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00abV\u0113l viens svar\u012bgs aspekts m\u0113rogo\u0161an\u0101 ir att\u0113lot kanbanu d\u0113l\u0113s visu darbu, kas ir procesa \u012bsteno\u0161an\u0101 (WIP, work in progress). Kad organiz\u0101cij\u0101 par\u0101d\u0101s vieta, kur cilv\u0113ki var redz\u0113t \u0161\u0101das lietas, tas stipri stimul\u0113 sadarb\u012bbu, kas pozit\u012bvi ietekm\u0113 m\u0113rogo\u0161anu\u00bb.<\/p>\n

8. Mekl\u0113jiet vecos r\u0113tas<\/h4>\n

\nManu\u0113ls Pais (Manuel Pais), DevOps konsultants un gr\u0101matas \u201eTeam Topologies\u201d l\u012bdzautors:<\/b> \u00abPraktiku izve\u0161ana no Dev un Ops robe\u017e\u0101m un to m\u0113\u0123in\u0101\u0161ana piem\u0113rot citiem dienestiem, visticam\u0101k, nav optim\u0101ls pieg\u0101jiens. Tas, protams, dos noteiktu efektu (piem\u0113ram, automatiz\u0113jot manu\u0101lo vad\u012bbu), bet daudz liel\u0101kus rezult\u0101tus var sasniegt, s\u0101kot ar procesu pieg\u0101des un atgriezenisk\u0101s saites izpratni\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Ja, ja t\u012bmek\u013ca sist\u0113m\u0101 ir vecas r\u0113tas \u2013 proced\u016bras un vad\u012bbas meh\u0101nismi, kas tika ieviesti p\u0113c pag\u0101tnes incidentiem, bet ir zaud\u0113ju\u0161i aktualit\u0101ti (produktus, tehnolo\u0123ijas vai procesus mainot), tos noteikti j\u0101izn\u012bcina vai j\u0101izl\u012bdzina, nevis j\u0101automatiz\u0113 neefekt\u012bvi vai nevajadz\u012bgi procesi.<\/p>\n

9. Nepavairojiet DevOps variantus<\/h4>\n

\nEntonijs Edvards (Antony Edwards), uz\u0146\u0113muma Eggplant ra\u017eo\u0161anas direktors:<\/b> \u201eDevOps ir \u013coti izpl\u016bdis termins, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c katrai komandai veidojas sava vari\u0101cija DevOps. Un nav nekas slikt\u0101ks, k\u0101 kad organiz\u0101cij\u0101 rodas 20 DevOps vari\u0101cijas, kas neizr\u0101da labu sader\u012bbu. Nedr\u012bkst b\u016bt, lai katrai no trim izstr\u0101des komand\u0101m b\u016btu sava, \u012bpa\u0161a saskare starp izstr\u0101di un produktu vad\u012bbu. T\u0101pat nedr\u012bkst b\u016bt, lai produktiem b\u016btu savas, unik\u0101las cer\u012bbas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz atsauksmju apstr\u0101di, kad t\u0101s tiek p\u0101rvietotas uz ra\u017eo\u0161anas vides simulatoru. Pret\u0113j\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 jums nekad neizdosies papla\u0161in\u0101t DevOps.<\/p>\n

10. Sludiniet DevOps v\u0113rt\u012bbu uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbai<\/h4>\n

\nSt\u012bvs Newmans, Scalyr dibin\u0101t\u0101js un valdes priek\u0161s\u0113d\u0113t\u0101js:<\/b> \u201eStr\u0101d\u0101jiet pie DevOps v\u0113rt\u012bbas atz\u012b\u0161anas. Iem\u0101cieties un nebaidieties st\u0101st\u012bt par to, ko dar\u0101t. DevOps neticami taupa laiku un naudu (dom\u0101jiet vien par to: maz\u0101k d\u012bkst\u0101ves, \u012bs\u0101ks vid\u0113jais atjauno\u0161an\u0101s laiks), un DevOps komandas j\u0101uzsver (un j\u0101pazi\u0146o) \u0161o iniciat\u012bvu noz\u012bmi uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas pan\u0101kumiem. Tikai t\u0101 j\u016bs var\u0113siet papla\u0161in\u0101t sekot\u0101ju loku un palielin\u0101t DevOps ietekmi organiz\u0101cij\u0101.\u201d<\/p>\n

BONUSS<\/h3>\n

\nUz Red Hat forums Krievij\u0101<\/a><\/noindex> 13. septembr\u012b ierad\u012bsies m\u016bsu pa\u0161u DevOps \u2013 j\u0101, Red Hat, k\u0101 programmat\u016bras ra\u017eot\u0101jam, ir savas DevOps komandas un prakses.<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u016bsu in\u017eenieris Marks Birgers, kur\u0161 izstr\u0101d\u0101 iek\u0161\u0113jo automatiz\u0101cijas pakalpojumu cit\u0101m grup\u0101m vis\u0101 organiz\u0101cij\u0101, st\u0101st\u012bs savu st\u0101stu krievu valod\u0101 \u2013 k\u0101 Red Hat DevOps komanda migr\u0113ja lietotnes no virtu\u0101l\u0101m vid\u0113m, kas tiek p\u0101rvald\u012btas ar Ansible, uz pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgu konteineru form\u0101tu OpenShift platform\u0101.<\/p>\n

Bet tas v\u0113l nav viss:<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u0113c tam, kad organiz\u0101cijas p\u0101rvietoja darba slodzes konteineros, tradicion\u0101l\u0101s programmat\u016bru uzraudz\u012bbas metodes var nedarboties. Otraj\u0101 zi\u0146ojum\u0101 m\u0113s izskaidrosim m\u016bsu motiv\u0101ciju main\u012bt re\u0123istr\u0101cijas veidu un par\u0101d\u012bsim turpin\u0101jumu ce\u013cam, kas m\u016bs noved pie m\u016bsdienu \u017eurn\u0101lu un uzraudz\u012bbas metod\u0113m.
\n
Avots: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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