{"id":37724,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/idealnaya-lokalnaya-set\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:20","slug":"idealnaya-lokalnaya-set","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/idealnaya-lokalnaya-set","title":{"rendered":"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/10ac6c59cc5c46c9b6d7d5ead012a5c1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nStandarta lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bkla pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 (vid\u0113j\u0101) forma ir izveidojusies jau daudzus gadus atpaka\u013c, un t\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bba ir apst\u0101jusies. <\/p>\n<p>No vienas puses, lab\u0101kais ir slikt\u0101kais ienaidnieks, no otras puses, stagn\u0101cija ar\u012b nav nekas labs. Jo tuv\u0101k apl\u016bkojot, m\u016bsdienu biroja t\u012bkls, kas \u013cauj veikt gandr\u012bz visas parast\u0101 biroja uzdevumus, var tikt uzb\u016bv\u0113ts l\u0113t\u0101k un \u0101tr\u0101k, nek\u0101 tas tiek uzskat\u012bts, un t\u0101s arhitekt\u016bra taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 k\u013c\u016bs vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101ka un elast\u012bg\u0101ka. Neticat? Apskat\u012bsim to tuv\u0101k. S\u0101ksim ar to, kas tiek uzskat\u012bts par pareizu t\u012bkla iekl\u0101\u0161anu. <br \/>\n <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Kas ir strukt\u016briz\u0113t\u0101 kabe\u013cu sist\u0113ma (SKS)?<\/h3>\n<p>\nJebkura strukt\u016briz\u0113t\u0101 kabe\u013cu sist\u0113ma (SKS) k\u0101 p\u0113d\u0113jais in\u017eeniertehnisk\u0101s infrastrukt\u016bras elements tiek \u012bstenota vair\u0101kos posmos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>projekt\u0113\u0161ana;<\/li>\n<li>pa\u0161a kabe\u013cu infrastrukt\u016bras mont\u0101\u017ea;<\/li>\n<li>piek\u013cuves punktu mont\u0101\u017ea;<\/li>\n<li>komut\u0101cijas punktu mont\u0101\u017ea;<\/li>\n<li>pale\u0161anas un iestat\u012b\u0161anas darbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Projekt\u0113\u0161ana <\/h3>\n<p>\nJebkurai lielai lietai, ja tu v\u0113lies to izdar\u012bt labi, viss s\u0101kas ar sagatavo\u0161anos. SKS gad\u012bjum\u0101 \u0161\u012bs sagatavo\u0161an\u0101s ir projekt\u0113\u0161ana. Tie\u0161i \u0161aj\u0101 posm\u0101 tiek \u0146emts v\u0113r\u0101, cik darba vietu ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina, cik portu ir nepiecie\u0161ams izvietot, k\u0101du jaudas kapacit\u0101ti iepl\u0101not. \u0160aj\u0101 posm\u0101 j\u0101vad\u0101s p\u0113c standartiem (ISO\/IEC 11801, EN 50173, ANSI\/TIA\/EIA-568-A). Faktiski tie\u0161i \u0161aj\u0101 posm\u0101 tiek noteiktas rad\u012bt\u0101 t\u012bkla iesp\u0113ju robe\u017eas.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/cddcf41b5ee0d53b833e952011a12c37.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <\/p>\n<h3>Kabe\u013cu infrastrukt\u016bra<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/c13bdbfb62325c1e444a431125921058.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/b8a053f82fc4ce9e4878d9a87f9b5107.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u0160aj\u0101 posm\u0101 tiek iekl\u0101ti visi kabe\u013cu ma\u0123istr\u0101\u013ci, kas nodro\u0161ina datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu lok\u0101laj\u0101 t\u012bkl\u0101. Kilometri var\u0161 izsistajiem p\u0101riem. Simtiem kilogramu varas. Nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba uzst\u0101d\u012bt kabe\u013cu kastes un kan\u0101lus \u2013 bez tiem strukt\u016briz\u0113t\u0101s kabe\u013cu sist\u0113mas b\u016bvniec\u012bba nav iesp\u0113jama.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/48756a3014034db14df51fa89a8ae3dc.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Piek\u013cuves punkti<\/h3>\n<p>\nLai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu darba vietas ar piek\u013cuvi t\u012bklam, tiek iepl\u0101noti piek\u013cuves punkti. Vadoties p\u0113c p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bbas principa (viens no svar\u012bg\u0101kajiem b\u016bv\u0113jot SKS), \u0161\u0101di punkti tiek iepl\u0101noti skait\u0101, kas p\u0101rsniedz minim\u0101li nepiecie\u0161amo daudzumu. Analogie ar elektrisko t\u012bklu: jo vair\u0101k rozetes \u2014 jo elast\u012bg\u0101k iesp\u0113jams izmantot telpu, kur\u0101 atrodas \u0161\u0101ds t\u012bkls.<\/p>\n<h3>Komut\u0101cijas punkti, PNR<\/h3>\n<p>\nT\u0101l\u0101k tiek uzst\u0101d\u012btas galven\u0101s un, k\u0101 izpildes variants, starppunktu komut\u0101cijas vietas. Tiek izvietoti stendi\/telekomunik\u0101ciju skapji, tiek mar\u0137\u0113ti kabe\u013ci un porti, notiek piesl\u0113g\u0161ana iek\u0161pus\u0113 konsolid\u0101cijas punktiem un krustojuma mezgl\u0101. Tiek sast\u0101d\u012bts komut\u0101cijas \u017eurn\u0101ls, kas v\u0113l\u0101k tiek aktualiz\u0113ts vis\u0101 kabe\u013cu sist\u0113mas m\u016b\u017e\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Kad visi uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas posmi ir pabeigti, notiek visas sist\u0113mas test\u0113\u0161ana. Kabe\u013ci tiek piesl\u0113gti akt\u012bvajam t\u012bkla apr\u012bkojumam, tiek uzs\u0101kta t\u012bklo\u0161ana. P\u0101rbauda atbilst\u012bbu pazi\u0146otajai \u0161ai SCS frekven\u010du p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas joslai (p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas \u0101trumam), tiek p\u0101rbaud\u012btas projekt\u0113t\u0101s piek\u013cuves punktus un visi citi, SCS darb\u012bbai svar\u012bgie parametri. Visas atkl\u0101t\u0101s nepiln\u012bbas tiek nov\u0113rstas. Tikai p\u0113c tam t\u012bkls tiek nodots pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam.<\/p>\n<p>Fizisk\u0101 vide inform\u0101cijas p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai ir gatava. Un kas t\u0101l\u0101k?<\/p>\n<h3>Kas \u201edz\u012bvo\u201d SCS?<\/h3>\n<p>\nAgr\u0101k pa kabe\u013cu infrastrukt\u016bru lok\u0101laj\u0101 t\u012bkl\u0101 tika p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012bti da\u017e\u0101du sist\u0113mu dati, kas bija sl\u0113gti sav\u0101s tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101s un protokolos. Bet tehnolo\u0123iju dz\u012bvnieku d\u0101rzs sen ir samazin\u0101ts l\u012bdz nullei. Un tagad \u201elok\u0101laj\u0101\u201d ir palicis, dom\u0101jams, tikai Ethernet. Telefona sakari, video no nov\u0113ro\u0161anas kamer\u0101m, ugunsdz\u0113s\u012bbas signaliz\u0101cija, dro\u0161\u012bbas sist\u0113mas, pakalpojumu skait\u012bt\u0101ju dati, piek\u013cuves kontrole un \u201egudr\u0101 dro\u0161\u012bba\u201d, visbeidzot \u2013 viss \u0161is tagad ir virs Ethernet. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/6ff497f60882b72291a35cfaeaaa24c4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<i>\u201eGudr\u0101\u201d dro\u0161\u012bba, piek\u013cuves kontrole un att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101s uzraudz\u012bbas ier\u012bce <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.nag.ru\/catalog\/00007.Avtomatizatsiya-i-monitoring-\/20594.Telemetriya-sfera-ZHKH-ERD-Project\/24382.SNR-ERD-PROject-2\">SNR-ERD-PROject-2<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Optimiz\u0113jam infrastrukt\u016bru<\/h2>\n<p>\nUn rodas jaut\u0101jums: nep\u0101rtrauktas tehnolo\u0123iju att\u012bst\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101, vai mums joproj\u0101m ir nepiecie\u0161amas visas tradicion\u0101l\u0101s SCS sast\u0101vda\u013cas?<\/p>\n<h3>Hardware and software switching<\/h3>\n<p>\nIr pien\u0101cis laiks atz\u012bt ac\u012bmredzamo paties\u012bbu: aparat\u016bras komut\u0101cija krustojuma un patchcordu l\u012bmen\u012b ir izdz\u012bvojusi sevi. Viss jau sen tiek veikts ar VLAN portiem, un administratoru darb\u012bba, kas p\u0101rvieto vadus skapjos jebk\u0101das izmai\u0146as t\u012bkla strukt\u016br\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101, ir k\u013cuvusi par atavismu. Ir pien\u0101cis laiks veikt n\u0101kamo soli un vienk\u0101r\u0161i atteikties no krustojumiem un patchcordiem. <\/p>\n<p>Un \u0161\u0137iet, ka tas ir nieks, bet, ja padom\u0101jam, \u0161\u012b so\u013ca ieguvums b\u016bs liel\u0101ks nek\u0101 p\u0101reja uz n\u0101kamo kategoriju kabe\u013ciem. Spriediet pa\u0161i: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Paaugstin\u0101s fizisk\u0101s vides kvalit\u0101te sign\u0101la p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai.<\/li>\n<li>Palielin\u0101s uzticam\u012bba, jo m\u0113s no sist\u0113mas izsl\u0113dzam divus meh\u0101niskos kontaktus no trim (!). <\/li>\n<li>L\u012bdz ar to sign\u0101la p\u0101rraides att\u0101lums palielin\u0101sies. Tas nav b\u016btiski, bet tom\u0113r. <\/li>\n<li>Skapis p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i atbr\u012bvosies vieta. Un tur, starp citu, b\u016bs krietni vair\u0101k k\u0101rt\u012bbas. Tas jau ir ietaup\u012bjums.<\/li>\n<li>Izpild\u0101m\u0101 apr\u012bkojuma izmaksas nav lielas, bet, ja \u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 visu optimiz\u0101cijas apm\u0113ru, var ar\u012b san\u0101kt iev\u0113rojama ietaup\u012bjuma summa.<\/li>\n<li>Ja netiks veikta komut\u0101cija ar krusto\u0161anu, klientu l\u012bnijas var uzreiz apgriezt pie RJ-45. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKas no t\u0101 san\u0101k? M\u0113s esam simplific\u0113ju\u0161i t\u012bklu, samazin\u0101ju\u0161i izmaksas, un turkl\u0101t tas ir k\u013cuvis maz\u0101k problem\u0101tisks un lab\u0101k p\u0101rvald\u0101ms. Pa\u0161i ieguvumi!<\/p>\n<p>Varb\u016bt tad ar\u012b izmet\u012bsim v\u0113l kaut ko? \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<h3>Optisk\u0101 \u0161\u0137iedra viet\u0101 t\u0101 d\u0113v\u0113t\u0101s varb\u016bt\u012bgas kabe\u013cu.<\/h3>\n<p>\nK\u0101d\u0113\u013c mums ir nepiecie\u0161ami kilometri v\u012btn\u0113 p\u0101ra, kad viss inform\u0101cijas apjoms, kas pl\u016bst pa biez\u0101m var\u0161 vadiem, var mier\u012bgi tikt p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012bts caur optisko \u0161\u0137iedru? Iesim uzst\u0101d\u012bt kabinet\u0101 8-portu sl\u0113dzi ar optisko uplinku un, piem\u0113ram, PoE atbalstu. No skapja l\u012bdz kabinetam \u2014 viena optisk\u0101 \u0161\u0137iedra. No sl\u0113d\u017ea l\u012bdz klientiem \u2014 vadu izplat\u012b\u0161ana ar varu. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 IP telefoni vai nov\u0113ro\u0161anas kameras var tikt nodro\u0161in\u0101tas ar baro\u0161anu. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/6d6c49bdba77b05e88f942460818884c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nT\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek iz\u0146emts ne tikai daudz var\u0161 vadu skaistajos re\u017e\u0123enajos kan\u0101los, bet ar\u012b tiek ietaup\u012bti tie l\u012bdzek\u013ci, kas nepiecie\u0161ami visu \u0161o tradicion\u0101lo SCS grezn\u012bbu uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anai. <\/p>\n<p>Paties\u012bb\u0101 \u0161\u0101da sh\u0113ma nedaudz pretrun\u0101 ar izpratni par \u00abpareizu\u00bb apr\u012bkojuma novieto\u0161anu vien\u0101 viet\u0101, un ietaup\u012bjumi uz vadiem un daudzportu sl\u0113d\u017eiem ar var\u0161 portiem tiks t\u0113r\u0113ti nelieliem sl\u0113d\u017eiem ar PoE un optiku.<\/p>\n<h3>Klientu pus\u0113<\/h3>\n<p>\nKabe\u013ci klienta pus\u0113 par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s jau tajos laikos, kad bezvadu tehnolo\u0123ijas izskat\u012bj\u0101s dr\u012bz\u0101k k\u0101 rota\u013clieta nek\u0101 re\u0101ls darba r\u012bks. M\u016bsdienu \u00abbezvadu\u00bb tehnolo\u0123ijas viegli nodro\u0161in\u0101s \u0101trumus, kas nav maz\u0101ki par pa\u0161reiz\u0113jiem kabe\u013ciem, bet \u013caus atbr\u012bvot datoru no fiks\u0113t\u0101 savienojuma. J\u0101, \u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440s nav gumijots, un to nep\u0101rtraukti piepild\u012bt ar kan\u0101liem nevar, bet, pirmk\u0101rt, att\u0101lums no klienta l\u012bdz piek\u013cuves punktam var b\u016bt pavisam neliels (biroj\u0101 tas ir iesp\u0113jams), un, otrk\u0101rt, jau past\u0101v jauna veida tehnolo\u0123ijas, kas izmanto, piem\u0113ram, optisko starojumu (t\u0101 saukto Li-Fi). <\/p>\n<p>Ja pras\u012bb\u0101m par att\u0101lumu l\u012bdz 5-10 metriem, kas ir pietiekami, lai piesl\u0113gtu 2-5 lietot\u0101jus, piek\u013cuves punkts var atbalst\u012bt gigabitu kan\u0101lu, maks\u0101jot sal\u012bdzino\u0161i maz un b\u016bt absol\u016bti uzticams. Tas atbr\u012bvos gala lietot\u0101ju no vadiem.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/b6366f8006bf399d5596b053db018906.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nOptiskais sl\u0113dzis S<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.nag.ru\/catalog\/00001.Kommutatory\/33630.Kommutatory-GigabitEthernet\/29499.SNR-S2995G-48FX\">NR-S2995G-48FX<\/a><\/noindex> un gigabita bezvadu mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js, savienots ar optisko savienojuma kabeli<\/p>\n<p>N\u0101kotn\u0113 \u0161\u0101du iesp\u0113ju nodro\u0161in\u0101s ier\u012bces, kas str\u0101d\u0101 milimetru diapazon\u0101 (802.11ad\/ay), bet pagaid\u0101m, lai ar\u012b ar maz\u0101k\u0101m, bet tom\u0113r liek\u0101m \u0101trumiem, kas ir re\u0101li piem\u0113roti biroja darbiniekiem, to var izdar\u012bt, pamatojoties uz standartu 802.11ac. <\/p>\n<p>Tom\u0113r \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 main\u0101s pieeja ier\u012b\u010du savieno\u0161anai, piem\u0113ram, IP telefoniem vai videokamer\u0101m. Pirmk\u0101rt, tiem b\u016bs j\u0101nodro\u0161ina atsevi\u0161s baro\u0161anas avots. Otrk\u0101rt, \u0161\u012bm ier\u012bc\u0113m ir j\u0101atbalsta darbs ar Wi-Fi. Tom\u0113r neviens neuzliek ierobe\u017eojumus pagaid\u0101m saglab\u0101t k\u0101du skaitu vara portu piek\u013cuves punkt\u0101. Vismaz atpaka\u013csader\u012bbai vai neparedz\u0113t\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/31d9cf11d0b7ef6c6928cec6c062d067.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nK\u0101 piem\u0113rs, bezvadu mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.nag.ru\/catalog\/00009.Besprovodnoe-oborudovanie\/33707.Wi-Fi-marshrutizatory-SOHO\/32094.SNR-CPE-ME2-SFP\">SNR-CPE-ME2-SFP<\/a><\/noindex>, 802.11a\/b\/g\/n, 802.11ac Wave 2, 4xGE RJ45, 1xSFP<\/p>\n<h3> N\u0101kamais solis ir lo\u0123isks, vai ne? <\/h3>\n<p>\nNeapst\u0101joties pie sasniegt\u0101, savienosim piek\u013cuves punktus ar optisko kabeli ar caurlaid\u012bbu, teiksim, 10 gigabitus. Un aizmirs\u012bsim par tradicion\u0101lajiem SKS k\u0101 par sliktu sapni.<\/p>\n<p>Sh\u0113ma k\u013c\u016bst vienk\u0101r\u0161a un eleganta. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u0101la lok\u0101l\u0101 t\u012bklo\u0161ana\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/7c316af99dfbfc2318f365a615b358da.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nViet\u0101, kur ir uzkr\u0101ti skapji un grozi, kas piepild\u012bti ar vara kabe\u013ciem, uzst\u0101dam mazu skapi, kur \u201edz\u012bvo\u201d sl\u0113dzis ar optiskajiem \u201edesmitiem\u201d katram 4-8 lietot\u0101jiem, un stiepj optisko \u0161\u0137iedru l\u012bdz piek\u013cuves punktiem. Ja nepiecie\u0161ams, vecajam apr\u012bkojumam \u0161eit var novietot k\u0101dus papildu \u201evara\u201d portus \u2013 tie nek\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 netrauc\u0113s galveno infrastrukt\u016bru.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/465819\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c (\u0443\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e) \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0451\u043c \u0435\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0421 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u2013 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u2013 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0435 \u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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