{"id":38766,"date":"2019-10-31T22:25:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:25:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/astra-linux-orel-common-edition-est-li-zhizn-posle-windows\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:25:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:25:48","slug":"astra-linux-orel-common-edition-est-li-zhizn-posle-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/astra-linux-orel-common-edition-est-li-zhizn-posle-windows","title":{"rendered":"Astra Linux \u00abOrel\u00bb Common Edition: vai ir dz\u012bve p\u0113c Windows?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u0113s sa\u0146\u0113m\u0101m detaliz\u0113tu p\u0101rskatu no viena no m\u016bsu oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas lietot\u0101jiem, kuru grib\u0113tu ar jums dal\u012bties.<\/i><\/p>\n

Astra Linux ir Debian atvasin\u0101jums, kas tika izveidots Krievijas iniciat\u012bvas ietvaros par p\u0101reju uz atv\u0113rt\u0101 pirmkoda programmat\u016bru. Ir pieejamas vair\u0101kas Astra Linux versijas, no kur\u0101m viena ir paredz\u0113ta ikdienas lieto\u0161anai \u2014 Astra Linux \u00abOr\u00ebl\u00bb Common Edition. Krievu oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113ma visiem ir p\u0113c defin\u012bcijas interesanta, un es gribu past\u0101st\u012bt par \u00abOr\u00ebl\u00bb no cilv\u0113ka skatpunkta, kur\u0161 katru dienu lieto tr\u012bs oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas (Windows 10, Mac OS High Sierra un Fedora) un p\u0113d\u0113jos 13 gadus bija uztic\u012bgs Ubuntu. Balstoties uz \u0161o pieredzi, es izv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161u sist\u0113mu no instal\u0113\u0161anas, saskarnes, programmat\u016bras, pamata iesp\u0113j\u0101m izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem un lieto\u0161anas \u0113rtuma da\u017e\u0101du aspektu skat\u012bjum\u0101. K\u0101 Astra Linux izcelsies sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar izplat\u012bt\u0101kaj\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m? Un vai t\u0101 var\u0113s aizvietot Windows m\u0101j\u0101s?<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Instal\u0113jam Astra Linux<\/h2>\n

\nAstra Linux instal\u0113t\u0101jam ir liela l\u012bdz\u012bba ar Debian instal\u0113t\u0101ju. Varb\u016bt pat pirmais ir vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101ks, jo liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca parametru ir noklus\u0113ta. Viss s\u0101kas ar visp\u0101r\u0113ju licences l\u012bgumu fona, kur\u0101 redzama ne p\u0101r\u0101k augsta apb\u016bve. Iesp\u0113jams, pat Orom.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nSvar\u012bgs punkts instal\u0101cij\u0101 ir izv\u0113le par programmat\u016bru, kas n\u0101k kop\u0101 ar sist\u0113mu. Pieejam\u0101s opcijas aptver standarta biroja un darba vajadz\u012bbas (p\u0101rm\u0113ram \u00abneizstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nAr\u012b p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 log\u0101 ir papildu iestat\u012bjumu kopums: interpretatoru, konsoles, nospiedumu blo\u0137\u0113\u0161ana, izpildes bits iestat\u012b\u0161ana utt. Ja \u0161ie v\u0101rdi jums neko nenoz\u012bm\u0113, lab\u0101k neizv\u0113lieties nek\u0101dus r\u016bti\u0146as. Turkl\u0101t visu to var\u0113siet v\u0113l\u0101k piel\u0101got, ja nepiecie\u0161ams.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nSist\u0113ma tika instal\u0113ta virtu\u0101laj\u0101 vid\u0113 ar pietic\u012bgiem resursiem (sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar m\u016bsdienu sist\u0113m\u0101m). Par \u0101trumu un veiktsp\u0113ju nebija s\u016bdz\u012bbu. Konfigur\u0101cija, uz kuras tika veikta test\u0113\u0161ana, ir aprakst\u012bta zem\u0101k.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nUzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas proced\u016bra ir parasta: mont\u0113jam iso att\u0113ls<\/a><\/noindex>, instal\u0113jam caur standarta sist\u0113mas instal\u0101cijas procesu un ierakst\u0101m GRUB iel\u0101d\u0113t\u0101ju.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nSist\u0113ma palai\u017eot nav pras\u012bga attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz resursiem \u2014 apm\u0113ram 250-300 MB RAM palai\u0161anai darbvirsmas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n<\/p>\n

Alternat\u012bvie palai\u0161anas varianti: plan\u0161etdatora un t\u0101lru\u0146a re\u017e\u012bms<\/h2>\n

\nPiesl\u0113dzoties sist\u0113mai, var izv\u0113l\u0113ties vienu no vair\u0101kiem palai\u0161anas veidiem: dro\u0161o, galddatoru, mobilo vai plan\u0161etdatoru.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nDarbojoties uz sk\u0101rienier\u012bc\u0113m, var iesl\u0113gt ekr\u0101na tastat\u016bru.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nApskat\u012bsim, kas interesants atrodams da\u017e\u0101dajos re\u017e\u012bmos. Galddatoru re\u017e\u012bms ir parasts re\u017e\u012bms, kur sist\u0113ma ir l\u012bdz\u012bga Windows.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nPlan\u0161etdatoru re\u017e\u012bms ir piem\u0113rots lieliem sk\u0101rienekr\u0101niem. Papildus ac\u012bmredzamaj\u0101m \u0101r\u0113j\u0101m at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101m, kas redzamas zem\u0101k eso\u0161aj\u0101 ekr\u0101n\u0161\u0101vi\u0146\u0101, \u0161eit ir ar\u012b citas saskarnes \u012bpatn\u012bbas. Kursoru plan\u0161etdatoru re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 nevar redz\u0113t, un lietojumprogrammu aizv\u0113r\u0161anas poga ir novietota uz uzdevumjoslas. Pilnekr\u0101na lietojumprogrammas darbojas nedaudz sav\u0101d\u0101k, faili failu p\u0101rvaldniek\u0101 tiek izv\u0113l\u0113ti ar\u012b cit\u0101di.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nJ\u0101min ar\u012b mobilo re\u017e\u012bms \u2014 \u0161eit viss ir l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 Android. Tiek izmantota grafisk\u0101 vide Fly. Sk\u0101rienre\u017e\u012bmos darbojas ilgas piesk\u0101riena funkcija, kas \u013cauj izsaukt konteksta izv\u0113lni. Mobilais re\u017e\u012bms pat\u0113r\u0113 nedaudz vair\u0101k resursu sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar galddatoru un plan\u0161etdatoru re\u017e\u012bmiem.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\n\"Astra
\n
\nDa\u017e\u0101du darba re\u017e\u012bmu esam\u012bba ir \u0113rta. Piem\u0113ram, ja izmantojat plan\u0161etdatoru ar piesl\u0113dzamu tastat\u016bru, t\u0101tad ir gan sk\u0101riena, gan neskariena izmanto\u0161anas scen\u0101riji.<\/p>\n

Sist\u0113mas atjaunin\u0101\u0161ana<\/h2>\n

\nPirms s\u0101k lietot sist\u0113mu, to ir j\u0101atjaunina. Galvenok\u0101rt repozitorij\u0101<\/a><\/noindex> Astra Linux 14 t\u016bksto\u0161i pakot\u0146u (stabil\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>, test\u0113jo\u0161\u0101<\/a><\/noindex> un eksperiment\u0101ls<\/a><\/noindex> atska\u0146o\u0161anai). Eksperiment\u0101l\u0101 atska\u0146o\u0161ana dr\u012bz sa\u0146ems nestabilus atjaunin\u0101jumus, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c m\u0113s test\u0113sim test\u0113jo\u0161o atska\u0146o\u0161anu. Main\u0101m repozitoriju uz test\u0113jo\u0161o.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nS\u0101ksim repozitorija atjaunin\u0101\u0161anu un atjaunin\u0101sim sist\u0113mu. Lai to izdar\u012btu, nospie\u017eam pogu \"Atjaunin\u0101t\" aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101 kreisaj\u0101 st\u016br\u012b, p\u0113c tam \"Atz\u012bm\u0113t visus atjaunin\u0101jumus\", tad \"Pielietot\". P\u0101rstart\u0113jam.<\/p>\n

Lietot\u0101ja politika<\/h2>\n

\nJauni lietot\u0101ji tiek izveidoti sist\u0113m\u0101, izmantojot dro\u0161\u012bbas politikas p\u0101rvald\u012bbas r\u012bku.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nNoklus\u0113juma iestat\u012bjumos ir paredz\u0113ta att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101s piesl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s funkcija (Pane\u013ca vad\u012bba \u2014 Sist\u0113ma \u2014 Ielogoties sist\u0113m\u0101).<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nPapildus parastajai atsevi\u0161\u0137ai un att\u0101lin\u0101tai sesijai ir iesp\u0113jams uzs\u0101kt iemont\u0113tu sesiju (S\u0101kt \u2014 Izsl\u0113gt \u2014 Sesija).<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nPirmie divi ir skaidri. Bet iemont\u0113t\u0101 sesija ir sesija, kas tiek uzs\u0101kta eso\u0161aj\u0101 sesijas log\u0101.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nStarpsesijas, starp citu, var pabeigt p\u0113c noteikta laika: neb\u016bt j\u0101pagaida garu oper\u0101ciju pabeig\u0161ana, bet vienk\u0101r\u0161i j\u0101iestata autom\u0101tiska izsl\u0113g\u0161ana.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n<\/p>\n

Astra Linux saskarne un standarta programmat\u016bra<\/h2>\n

\nAstra Linux Common Edition atg\u0101dina Debian versiju, k\u0101da t\u0101 bija pirms p\u0101ris gadiem. Ac\u012bmredzami, ka vizu\u0101li Astra Linux Common Edition cen\u0161as tuvoties Windows.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nNavig\u0101cija un darb\u012bba ar failu sist\u0113mu ir tuv\u0101ka Windows nek\u0101 Linux. Kop\u0101 ar sist\u0113mas att\u0113lu tiek pieg\u0101d\u0101ts standarta programmat\u016bras komplekts: biroja, t\u012bklu, grafikas, m\u016bzikas un video darba r\u012bki. Sist\u0113mas iestat\u012bjumi ar\u012b ir grup\u0113ti galvenaj\u0101 izv\u0113ln\u0113. Noklus\u0113juma ir pieejami \u010detri ekr\u0101ni.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\nK\u0101 redzams, biroja pakets sist\u0113m\u0101 ir uzst\u0101d\u012bts LibreOffice<\/i><\/p>\n

Kontroles panelis ir l\u012bdz\u012bgs Windows\/Mac u.c. un grup\u0113 galvenos iestat\u012bjumus vien\u0101 viet\u0101.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nFailu p\u0101rvaldniekam ir divpane\u013cu saskarne un tas sp\u0113j pievienot arh\u012bvus k\u0101 mapes.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\n\"Astra
\n
\nFailu p\u0101rvaldnieks sp\u0113j apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101t kontroli summas, tostarp p\u0113c GOST R 34.11-2012<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nK\u0101 standarta p\u0101rl\u016bkprogramma ir uzst\u0101d\u012bts Mozilla Firefox. Tas izskat\u0101s diezgan ask\u0113tiski, ta\u010du vienlaikus ir diezgan racion\u0101ls. Piem\u0113ram, es atv\u0113ru un p\u0101rl\u016bkoju jauno Habr. Lapas tiek render\u0113tas, sist\u0113ma nekr\u012bt un nesasald\u0113jas.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nN\u0101kamais tests \u2014 grafikas redi\u0123\u0113\u0161ana. Lejupiel\u0101d\u0113j\u0101m att\u0113lu no raksta virsraksta Habr, l\u016bdz\u0101m sist\u0113mu atv\u0113rt to GIMP. Ar\u012b \u0161eit nav nek\u0101 neparasta.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nUn \u0161eit, ar vieglu roku kust\u012bbu, papildin\u0101m tekstu uz \u041a\u041f\u0414\u0412 vien\u0101 no rakstiem. Princip\u0101, \u0161eit nav at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu no standarta Linux sist\u0113m\u0101m.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nPam\u0113\u0123in\u0101sim iziet \u0101rpus vienk\u0101r\u0161iem scen\u0101rijiem un uzst\u0101d\u012bt standarta pakotus caur apt-get.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nP\u0113c indeksu atjaunin\u0101\u0161anas:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTestam uzst\u0101d\u012bj\u0101m python3-pip, zsh un pabeidz\u0101m oh-my-zsh instal\u0101ciju (ar papildu atkar\u012bbu git). Sist\u0113ma darboj\u0101s norm\u0101l\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101.<\/p>\n
K\u0101 redzam, sist\u0113ma labi izr\u0101da sevi parastajos ikdienas lietot\u0101ja scen\u0101rijos. Ja gaid\u0101t redz\u0113t \u0161eit ierast\u0101s Debian\/Ubuntu programmas, tad t\u0101s b\u016bs j\u0101instal\u0113 papildus, manu\u0101li (piem\u0113ram, ja jums vajadz\u012bgi paketi l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 ack-grep \u2014 tie tiek instal\u0113ti caur curl\/sh). Var pievienot repozitorijus sources.list un izmantot ierast\u0101s apt-get.<\/p>\n
Astra Linux \u012bpa\u0161\u0101s util\u012btes<\/h2>\n
\nIepriek\u0161 min\u0113tie r\u012bki ir tikai da\u013ca no t\u0101, kas ir pieejams Astra Linux lietot\u0101jiem. Turkl\u0101t izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji ir izveidoju\u0161i ap simtu papildu util\u012b\u0161u, kuras var uzst\u0101d\u012bt caur to pa\u0161u repozitoriju, ko izmantoj\u0101m sist\u0113mas atjaunin\u0101\u0161anai.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nLai atrastu r\u012bkus, pietiek mekl\u0113t ar v\u0101rdu \u201cfly\u201d \u2014 visiem nepiecie\u0161amajiem r\u012bkiem ir \u0161\u0101ds prefikss.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n\u00a0
\nGr\u016bti past\u0101st\u012bt par vis\u0101m lietojumprogramm\u0101m vien\u0101 apskat\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c izv\u0113l\u0113simies da\u017eas noder\u012bgas no vienk\u0101r\u0161a lietot\u0101ja skatpunkta. Laika progno\u017eu lietotne r\u0101da prognozes izv\u0113l\u0113taj\u0101s Krievijas pils\u0113t\u0101s, un t\u0101 ir optimiz\u0113ta Krievijas re\u0123ionam.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nIr ar\u012b vienk\u0101r\u0161a grafisk\u0101 util\u012bta ar vair\u0101kiem filtri un iestat\u012bjumiem mekl\u0113\u0161anai pa failiem.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nIr \u012bpa\u0161a baterijas uzl\u0101des kontroles util\u012bta un da\u017e\u0101di re\u017e\u012bmi, kuru iesl\u0113g\u0161ana tiek konfigur\u0113ta caur taimeri \u2014 monitora izsl\u0113g\u0161ana, miegs, hibern\u0101cija.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n 
\nIzpild\u0101mo failu izv\u0113li komand\u0101m ar\u012b ir iesai\u0146ojusi grafisk\u0101 saskarne. Piem\u0113ram, var nor\u0101d\u012bt, kuru tie\u0161i \u201cvi\u201d sist\u0113ma izv\u0113l\u0113sies, izpildot komandu.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nAtsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 administr\u0113\u0161anas util\u012bt\u0101 var konfigur\u0113t, kuras lietojumprogrammas tiks palaistas sist\u0113mas palai\u0161anas laik\u0101.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nIr ar\u012b GPS\/GLONASS uzraudz\u012bba, kas, visticam\u0101k, ir noder\u012bga telefon\u0101\/tablet\u0113 (kur parasti ir attiec\u012bgais modulis).<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nIr ar\u012b vienk\u0101r\u0161a PDF las\u012bt\u0101ja, kas test\u0113\u0161anai palaista uz gr\u0101matas Free Culture no Lawrence Lessig.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nPar vis\u0101m Fly util\u012bt\u0113m var izlas\u012bt virtu\u0101laj\u0101 t\u016bre<\/a><\/noindex> pa Astra Linux, sada\u013c\u0101 \u201cPal\u012bdz\u012bba\u201d virtu\u0101laj\u0101 darbvirsm\u0101.
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kontrasts ar galvenaj\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m<\/h2>\n
\nInterfeisa un vad\u012bbas elementu lo\u0123ikas zi\u0146\u0101 sist\u0113ma vair\u0101k atg\u0101dina klasisko Windows XP, bet br\u012b\u017eiem \u2014 atsevi\u0161\u0137us Mac OS elementus.<\/p>\n
Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz util\u012bt\u0113m, konsoli un \u201cdzelzi\u201d sist\u0113ma l\u012bdz\u012bga klasiskajam Debian, kas ir diezgan laba un paz\u012bstama tiem pa\u0161iem Ubuntu un Mint lietot\u0101jiem, lai gan visprogres\u012bv\u0101kajiem var tr\u016bkt ierast\u0101 pakot\u0146u spektra no visiem repozitorijiem.<\/p>\n
Ja uzliek savu pieredzi uz potenci\u0101lo lietot\u0101ju portretu, attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz jauno sist\u0113mu man ir pozit\u012bvas gaidas. Pamatojoties uz savu pieredzi ar Windows\/Mac, parasti lietot\u0101ji var\u0113s viegli iejusties Astra Linux Common Edition. Savuk\u0101rt, progres\u012bv\u0101ki Linux lietot\u0101ji ar standarta unix r\u012bkiem konfigur\u0113s visu p\u0113c savas gaumes.<\/p>\n
Pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 Astra Linux versija ir balst\u012bta uz Debian 9.4, taj\u0101 pieejams ar\u012b jaunais kodols no Debian 10 (4.19).\u00a0<\/p>\n
Protams, past\u0101v jaun\u0101kas Ubuntu versijas, ta\u010du ir viens neliels, bet b\u016btisks nianses - t\u0101s nav LTS (Long Term Support). LTS versijas Ubuntu seko l\u012bdzi Astra Linux pakot\u0146u versij\u0101m. Es \u0146\u0113mu datus par Astra Linux (sertific\u0113t\u0101 Astra Linux Special Edition, lai b\u016btu viegl\u0101k izsekot oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas versiju izlai\u0161anas datumiem) no Wikipedia<\/a><\/noindex>, sal\u012bdzin\u0101ju ar LTS versiju izlai\u0161anas termi\u0146iem Ubuntu un \u0161eit ir rezult\u0101ti:\u00a0<\/p>\n
LTS izlai\u0161ana Ubuntu
\nAstra Linux Special Edition izlai\u0161ana<\/p>\n
Datums
\nVersija
\nDatums
\nVersija<\/p>\n
17.04.2014<\/p>\n
14.04 LTS<\/p>\n
19.12.2014<\/p>\n
1.4<\/p>\n
21.04.2016<\/p>\n
16.04 LTS<\/p>\n
08.04.2016<\/p>\n
1.5<\/p>\n
26.04.2018<\/p>\n
18.04 LTS<\/p>\n
26.09.2018<\/p>\n
1.6<\/p>\n
Spriedums<\/h2>\n
\nGalven\u0101s priek\u0161roc\u012bbas Astra Linux \u00abErel\u00bb Common Edition:<\/p>\n