{"id":38969,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T19:11:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T17:11:21","slug":"liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","title":{"rendered":"Br\u012bvas interneta l\u012bga","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u0101 pretesties autorit\u0101riem re\u017e\u012bmiem internet\u0101<\/h2>\n

\n\"Br\u012bvas
\nVai m\u0113s izsl\u0113dzamies? Sieviete Pekinas interneta kaf\u0113, 2011. gada j\u016blijs
\nIm Chi Yin \/ The New York Times \/ Redux<\/i><\/p>\n

J\u0101, tom\u0113r b\u016bs j\u0101uzs\u0101k ar \"tulkot\u0101ja piez\u012bmi\". Atrastais teksts \u0161\u0137ita man interesants un diskusiju rosino\u0161s. Vien\u012bg\u0101s izmai\u0146as tekst\u0101 ir \"treknraksti\". Savu personisko viedokli at\u013c\u0101vos izteikt tagos. \n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nInterneta ra\u0161an\u0101s laikmets bija pilns augst\u0101m cer\u012bb\u0101m. Autorit\u0101rie re\u017e\u012bmi, st\u0101vot izv\u0113les priek\u0161\u0101 \u2014 k\u013c\u016bt par da\u013cu no jaun\u0101s glob\u0101lo komunik\u0101ciju sist\u0113mas vai palikt \u0101rpus t\u0101s, izv\u0113l\u0113sies pievienoties tam. Dom\u0101jot ar roz\u0101 brill\u0113m t\u0101l\u0101k: jauno inform\u0101cijas un ideju pl\u016bsmas no \"\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 pasaules\" neizb\u0113gami virz\u012bs att\u012bst\u012bbu uz ekonomisko atv\u0113rt\u012bbu un politisko liberaliz\u0101ciju. Faktiski notika kaut kas piln\u012bgi pret\u0113js. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai izplat\u012btu demokr\u0101tisk\u0101s v\u0113rt\u012bbas un liber\u0101los ide\u0101lus, Internets k\u013cuva par pamatu autorit\u0101ro valstu \u0161pion\u0101\u017eai vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113. Re\u017e\u012bmi \u0136\u012bn\u0101, Krievij\u0101 u.c. izmantoja interneta infrastrukt\u016bras, lai veidotu savas nacion\u0101l\u0101s t\u012bklus. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 tie uzc\u0113la tehniskus un juridiskus \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013cus, lai ierobe\u017eotu saviem pilso\u0146iem piek\u013cuvi da\u017eiem resursiem un apgr\u016btin\u0101tu Rietumu uz\u0146\u0113mumu piek\u013cuvi saviem digit\u0101lajiem tirgiem.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nTom\u0113r, neskatoties uz to, ka Va\u0161ington\u0101 un Brisel\u0113 izsaka ba\u017eas par pl\u0101niem sadal\u012bt internetu, p\u0113d\u0113jais, ko Pekina un Maskava v\u0113las, ir non\u0101kt savos t\u012bklos un tikt at\u0161\u0137irt\u0101m no glob\u0101l\u0101 interneta. Galu gal\u0101 vi\u0146iem ir nepiecie\u0161ams piek\u013c\u016bt internetam, lai zagt intelektu\u0101lo \u012bpa\u0161umu, izplat\u012btu propagandu, iejauktos citu valstu v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s un lai var\u0113tu apdraud\u0113t kritisku infrastrukt\u016bru konkur\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s valst\u012bs. \u0136\u012bna un Krievija ide\u0101l\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 v\u0113l\u0113tos izveidot internetu no jauna \u2014 p\u0113c saviem paraugiem un likt pasaulei sp\u0113l\u0113t p\u0113c vi\u0146u repres\u012bvaj\u0101m noteikumiem. Bet vi\u0146i to nav sp\u0113ju\u0161i izdar\u012bt \u2014 t\u0101 viet\u0101 vi\u0146i ir pastiprin\u0101ju\u0161i savas p\u016bles stingri kontrol\u0113t \u0101r\u0113ju piek\u013cuvi saviem tirgiem, ierobe\u017eot savu pilso\u0146u iesp\u0113jas piek\u013c\u016bt internetam un izmantot ievainojam\u012bbas, kas neizb\u0113gami rodas digit\u0101l\u0101s br\u012bv\u012bbas un Rietumu atkl\u0101t\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>\n

Amerikas Savienotaj\u0101m Valst\u012bm, to sabiedrotajiem un partneriem vajadz\u0113tu p\u0101rst\u0101t uztraukties par autorit\u0101ro re\u017eimu risku sadal\u012bt internetu. T\u0101 viet\u0101 vi\u0146iem vajadz\u0113tu sadal\u012bt to pa\u0161i<\/b>, izveidojot digit\u0101lo bloku, iek\u0161pus kura inform\u0101cija, pakalpojumi un produkti var br\u012bvi p\u0101rvietoties, izsl\u0113dzot valstis, kas neiev\u0113ro v\u0101rda br\u012bv\u012bbu vai ties\u012bbas uz priv\u0101tumu, veic kaitnieciskas darb\u012bbas vai sniedz patv\u0113rumu kibernoziedzniekiem. \u0160\u0101d\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101 valstis, kas pie\u0146em patiesi br\u012bv\u0101 un dro\u0161\u0101 interneta koncepciju, atbalst\u012bs un papla\u0161in\u0101s piesl\u0113g\u0161anas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, bet valstis, kas ir pret \u0161o koncepciju, nesp\u0113s tai kait\u0113t. M\u0113r\u0137im j\u0101b\u016bt digit\u0101lajai \u0160engenas versijai<\/b>, kas aizsarg\u0101 br\u012bvu cilv\u0113ku, pre\u010du un pakalpojumu p\u0101rvieto\u0161anos Eirop\u0101. 26 \u0160engenas zonas valstis iev\u0113ro \u0161\u0101du noteikumu un uzraudz\u012bbas meh\u0101nismu kopumu; neizol\u0113tas valstis.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u0101da veida vieno\u0161an\u0101s ir nepiecie\u0161amas, lai saglab\u0101tu br\u012bvu un atv\u0113rtu internetu. Va\u0161ingtonai j\u0101izveido koal\u012bcija, kas apvieno interneta lietot\u0101jus, uz\u0146\u0113mumus un valstis ap demokr\u0101tiskaj\u0101m v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m, likuma varas cie\u0146u un taisn\u012bgu digit\u0101lo tirdzniec\u012bbu: Br\u012bvas interneta l\u012bga<\/b>. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai \u013cautu valst\u012bm, kas neiev\u0113ro \u0161\u012bs v\u0113rt\u012bbas, netrauc\u0113ti piek\u013c\u016bt internetam un Rietumu digit\u0101lajiem tirgiem un tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m, ASV vad\u012btajai koal\u012bcijai j\u0101nosaka nosac\u012bjumi, saska\u0146\u0101 ar kuriem neiedibin\u0101t\u0101s valstis var palikt savienotas, un j\u0101sagatavo ierobe\u017eojumi attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz v\u0113rt\u012bgiem datiem, ko t\u0101s var ieg\u016bt, un kait\u0113jumu, ko t\u0101s var nodar\u012bt. Liga neizveidos digit\u0101lo dzelzs priek\u0161kara; vismaz s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 posm\u0101 liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca interneta trafika turpin\u0101s cirkul\u0113t starp t\u0101s dal\u012bbniekiem un \u201e\u0101rpus\u0113\u201d, un liga galvenok\u0101rt blo\u0137\u0113s uz\u0146\u0113mumus un organiz\u0101cijas, kas veicina kibernoziedz\u012bbu un atbalsta to, nevis veselas valstis. Vald\u012bbas, kas galvenok\u0101rt pie\u0146em atv\u0113rt\u0101, toleranta un demokr\u0101tisk\u0101 interneta idejas, sa\u0146ems stimulu uzlabot savus centienus nodro\u0161in\u0101t to iev\u0113ro\u0161anu, lai pievienotos ligai un nodro\u0161in\u0101tu uzticamu sazi\u0146u saviem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem un iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem. Protams, autorit\u0101r\u0101s sist\u0113mas \u0136\u012bn\u0101, Krievij\u0101 un cit\u0101s valst\u012bs, visticam\u0101k, turpin\u0101s noraid\u012bt \u0161o redz\u0113jumu. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai l\u016bgtu un l\u016bgtu \u0161\u0101das vald\u012bbas uzvesties labi, tagad Amerikas Savienotaj\u0101m Valst\u012bm un to sabiedrotajiem j\u0101nosaka noteikumi: iev\u0113rot likumus vai tikt atgriezt\u0101m \u0101r\u0101.<\/p>\n

Beigas sap\u0146iem par bezrobe\u017eu internetu<\/h2>\n

\nKad Obamas administr\u0101cija 2011. gad\u0101 public\u0113ja savu starptautisko kibertelpas strat\u0113\u0123iju, t\u0101 raksturoja glob\u0101lo internetu, kas b\u016bs \u201eatv\u0113rts, savstarp\u0113ji savienojams, dro\u0161s un uzticams\u201d. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 \u0136\u012bna un Krievija insist\u0113ja uz saviem noteikumiem internet\u0101. Piem\u0113ram, Pekina v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s, lai jebkura kritika pret \u0136\u012bnas vald\u012bbu, kas ir nelikum\u012bga \u0136\u012bn\u0101, b\u016btu aizliegta ar\u012b ASV t\u012bmek\u013ca vietn\u0113s. No savas puses, Maskava vilt\u012bgi mekl\u0113ja ekvivalentos l\u012bgumus par ierobe\u017eo\u0161anu kibertelp\u0101, vienlaikus pieaugot saviem uzbrukuma kiberuzbrukumiem. Ilgtermi\u0146\u0101 \u0136\u012bna un Krievija joproj\u0101m v\u0113l\u0113tos ietekm\u0113t glob\u0101lo internetu. Bet vi\u0146i saskata lielu v\u0113rt\u012bbu savas sl\u0113gt\u0101s t\u012bklu izveid\u0113 un Rietumu atv\u0113rt\u012bbas izmanto\u0161an\u0101 sava labuma g\u016b\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

Obamas strat\u0113\u0123ija br\u012bdin\u0101ja, ka \u201ealternat\u012bva glob\u0101lajai atv\u0113rt\u012bbai un funkcion\u0101lai sader\u012bbai ir fragment\u0113ts internets, kur iev\u0113rojama pasaules iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju da\u013ca tiks atgriezta pie piek\u013cuves sare\u017e\u0123\u012btiem lietojumiem un v\u0113rt\u012bgam saturam politisku intere\u0161u d\u0113\u013c no da\u017e\u0101m valst\u012bm\u201d. Neskatoties uz Va\u0161ingtonas centieniem nov\u0113rst \u0161o rezult\u0101tu, tie\u0161i t\u0101d\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101 m\u0113s \u0161obr\u012bd atrodamies. Un Trampa administr\u0101cija ir dar\u012bjusi \u013coti maz, lai main\u012btu ASV strat\u0113\u0123iju. Prezidenta Donalda Trampa nacion\u0101l\u0101 kiberties\u012bbu strat\u0113\u0123ija, kas public\u0113ta 2018. gada septembr\u012b, aicina uz \u201eatv\u0113rtu, funkcion\u0101li sader\u012bgu, uzticamu un dro\u0161u internetu\u201d, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di atk\u0101rtojot prezidenta Baraka Obamas strat\u0113\u0123ijas mantru, laiku pa laikam apmainot v\u0101rdus \u201edro\u0161s\u201d un \u201euzticams\u201d starp\u0101.<\/p>\n

Trampa strat\u0113\u0123ija balst\u0101s uz nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu papla\u0161in\u0101t br\u012bv\u012bbu internet\u0101, ko t\u0101 defin\u0113 k\u0101 \"cilv\u0113kties\u012bbu un pamatbr\u012bv\u012bbu \u012bsteno\u0161anu internet\u0101, piem\u0113ram, v\u0101rda br\u012bv\u012bbu, apvieno\u0161an\u0101s br\u012bv\u012bbu, mier\u012bgu pulc\u0113\u0161an\u0101s, reli\u0123ijas vai p\u0101rliec\u012bbas br\u012bv\u012bbu, k\u0101 ar\u012b ties\u012bbas uz priv\u0101tumu internet\u0101.\" Lai gan t\u0101 ir cien\u012bga m\u0113r\u0137is, t\u0101 ignor\u0113 realit\u0101ti, ka daudz\u0101s valst\u012bs, kur pilso\u0146i neizmanto \u0161\u012bs ties\u012bbas \"offline\", un v\u0113l jo vair\u0101k internet\u0101, internets vairs nav dro\u0161a patv\u0113ruma vieta, bet dr\u012bz\u0101k \u2014 represijas instruments. Re\u017e\u012bmi \u0136\u012bn\u0101 un cit\u0101s valst\u012bs izmanto m\u0101ksl\u012bgo intelektu, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu lab\u0101k uzraudz\u012bt savus pilso\u0146us, un ir iem\u0101c\u012bju\u0161ies apvienot videonov\u0113ro\u0161anas kameras, finan\u0161u dar\u012bjumus un transporta sist\u0113mas, lai izveidotu milz\u012bgas datu b\u0101zes ar inform\u0101ciju par individu\u0101lo pilso\u0146u darb\u012bb\u0101m. \u0136\u012bnas interneta cenzoru armija, kas sast\u0101v no diviem miljoniem cilv\u0113ku, tiek apm\u0101c\u012bta datu v\u0101k\u0161anai paredz\u0113taj\u0101 uztver\u0161anas sist\u0113m\u0101 \"soci\u0101lajiem kred\u012btiem\"<\/b>, kas \u013caus nov\u0113rt\u0113t katru \u0136\u012bnas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju un pie\u0161\u0137irt atl\u012bdz\u012bbu un sodus par r\u012bc\u012bbu, kas veikta gan internet\u0101, gan \u0101rpus t\u0101. T\u0101 sauktais \u0136\u012bnas Lielais ugunskurs, kas aizliedz cilv\u0113kiem valst\u012b piek\u013cuvi tie\u0161saistes materi\u0101liem, kurus \u0136\u012bnas komunistisk\u0101 partija uzskata par nepie\u0146emamiem, ir k\u013cuvis par paraugu cit\u0101m autorit\u0101r\u0101m re\u017e\u012bmam. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Freedom House datiem, \u0136\u012bnas amatpersonas ir r\u012bkoju\u0161as apm\u0101c\u012bbas par interneta uzraudz\u012bbas sist\u0113mu izstr\u0101di 36 valst\u012bs. 18 valst\u012bs \u0136\u012bna ir pal\u012bdz\u0113jusi izveidot \u0161\u0101das t\u012bklu sist\u0113mas.<\/p>\n

\"Br\u012bvas
\nPie Google Pekinas biroja n\u0101kamaj\u0101 dien\u0101 p\u0113c uz\u0146\u0113muma pl\u0101nu pazi\u0146ojuma iziet no \u0136\u012bnas tirgus, 2010. gada janv\u0101ris
\nGilles Sabrie \/ The New York Times \/ Redux<\/i><\/p>\n

Digit\u0101l\u0101 izmanto\u0161ana k\u0101 instruments<\/h2>\n

\nK\u0101 Amerikas Savienot\u0101s Valstis un to sabiedrotie var ierobe\u017eot kait\u0113jumu, ko autora re\u017e\u012bmi var nodar\u012bt internetam, k\u0101 ar\u012b kav\u0113t \u0161os re\u017e\u012bmus izmantot interneta iesp\u0113jas, lai apspiestu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgu viedokli? Tika izteikti priek\u0161likumi uztic\u0113t Pasaules Tirdzniec\u012bbas organiz\u0101cijai vai ANO noteikt skaidras vadl\u012bnijas, kas nodro\u0161in\u0101tu br\u012bvu inform\u0101cijas un datu pl\u016bsmu. Tom\u0113r jebkur\u0161 \u0161\u0101ds pl\u0101ns b\u016btu miris piedzim\u0161anas, jo, lai sa\u0146emtu apstiprin\u0101jumu, tam b\u016btu j\u0101ieg\u016bst \u0161o pa\u0161u valstu atbalsts, uz kuru \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgo darb\u012bbu tas ir v\u0113rsts. Tikai izveidojot valstu bloku, kur\u0101 dati var tikt nodoti, un liedzot citu valstu piek\u013cuvi, rietumu valstis var ieg\u016bt k\u0101dus meh\u0101nismus, lai main\u012btu \"sliktu puiku\" uzved\u012bbu internet\u0101.<\/p>\n

Eiropas \u0160engenas zona pied\u0101v\u0101 re\u0101lu modeli, kur\u0101 cilv\u0113ki un preces p\u0101rvietojas br\u012bvi, bez muitas un imigr\u0101cijas kontroles. Tikl\u012bdz persona iek\u013c\u016bst zon\u0101 caur k\u0101das valsts robe\u017epunktu, vi\u0146a vai vi\u0146a var piek\u013c\u016bt jebkurai citai valstij, nep\u0101rejot t\u0101l\u0101kas muitas vai imigr\u0101cijas p\u0101rbaudes. (Past\u0101v da\u017ei iz\u0146\u0113mumi, un vair\u0101ku valstu ir ieviesu\u0161as ierobe\u017eotas robe\u017eas p\u0113c migrantu kr\u012bzes 2015. gad\u0101.) L\u012bgums par zonas izveidi tika iek\u013cauts ES likumdo\u0161an\u0101 1999. gad\u0101; beigu beig\u0101s pievienoj\u0101s ar\u012b valstis, kas nav ES, proti, Islande, Lihten\u0161teina, Norv\u0113\u0123ija un \u0160veice. L\u012bgums izsl\u0113dza \u012ariju un Apvienoto Karalisti to l\u016bguma d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>\n

Piek\u013cuve \u0160engenas zonai ir saist\u012bta ar trim pras\u012bb\u0101m, kas var kalpot par modeli digit\u0101lajam nol\u012bgumam. Pirmk\u0101rt, dal\u012bbvalst\u012bm j\u0101izsniedz vienotas v\u012bzas un j\u0101nodro\u0161ina uzticama dro\u0161\u012bba sav\u0101s \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s robe\u017e\u0101s. Otrk\u0101rt, t\u0101m j\u0101dara redzams, ka t\u0101s sp\u0113j koordin\u0113t savu r\u012bc\u012bbu ar ties\u012bbaizsardz\u012bbas iest\u0101d\u0113m cit\u0101s dal\u012bbvalst\u012bs. Un, tre\u0161k\u0101rt, t\u0101m j\u0101izmanto kop\u012bga sist\u0113ma, lai sekotu iebrauk\u0161anai un izbrauk\u0161anai no zonas. Nol\u012bgums nosaka noteikumus, kas regul\u0113 p\u0101rrobe\u017eu uzraudz\u012bbu un apst\u0101k\u013cus, kuros var ierosin\u0101t krimin\u0101lvaj\u0101\u0161anu attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz aizdom\u012bgiem noziedzniekiem \u201esiltos p\u0113d\u0101s\u201d p\u0101r robe\u017e\u0101m. Tas ar\u012b \u013cauj nodot aizdomas par noziedz\u012bgiem noziegumiem starp dal\u012bbvalst\u012bm.<\/p>\n

Nol\u012bgums rada skaidrus stimulus sadarb\u012bbai un atkl\u0101t\u012bbai. Ikvienai Eiropas valstij, kas v\u0113las, lai t\u0101s pilso\u0146iem b\u016btu ties\u012bbas ce\u013cot, str\u0101d\u0101t vai dz\u012bvot jebkur Eiropas Savien\u012bb\u0101, j\u0101izved savas robe\u017eas saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0160engenas standartiem. \u010cetras ES dal\u012bbvalstis \u2014 Bulg\u0101rija, Horv\u0101tija, Kipra un Rum\u0101nija \u2014 nav tiku\u0161as iek\u013cautas \u0160engenas zon\u0101, da\u013c\u0113ji t\u0101p\u0113c, ka t\u0101s neatbilst \u0161iem standartiem. Tom\u0113r Bulg\u0101rija un Rum\u0101nija ir procesa uzlabo\u0161anas posm\u0101, lai var\u0113tu pievienoties. Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, stimuli darbojas.<\/p>\n

Bet \u0161\u0101da veida stimuli tr\u016bkst vis\u0101s m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumos apvienot starptautisko sabiedr\u012bbu c\u012b\u0146ai pret kiberdarb\u012bb\u0101m, ekonomisko \u0161pion\u0101\u017eu un cit\u0101m digit\u0101l\u0101 laikmeta probl\u0113m\u0101m. Visveiksm\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 no \u0161\u0101d\u0101m iniciat\u012bv\u0101m, Eiropas Padomes Konvencija par kiberdarb\u012bbu (paz\u012bstama ar\u012b k\u0101 Budape\u0161tas konvencija), nosaka visus sapr\u0101t\u012bgos pas\u0101kumus, kurus valst\u012bm vajadz\u0113tu veikt, lai apkarotu kiberdarb\u012bbu. T\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101 tipveida likumus, uzlabotu koordin\u0101cijas meh\u0101nismus un vienk\u0101r\u0161otas izsnieg\u0161anas proced\u016bras. Se\u0161desmit viena valsts ir ratific\u0113jusi \u0161o nol\u012bgumu. Tom\u0113r ir gr\u016bti atrast Budape\u0161tas konvencijas aizst\u0101vjus, jo t\u0101 nav str\u0101d\u0101jusi: t\u0101 nenodro\u0161ina nek\u0101das re\u0101las priek\u0161roc\u012bbas pievieno\u0161anai vai re\u0101las sekas par saist\u012bbu neizpildi, ko t\u0101 rad\u012bjusi.<\/p>\n

Lai L\u012bga br\u012bv\u0101 Interneta darbotos, ir j\u0101izvair\u0101s no \u0161\u012bs slazda. Visefekt\u012bv\u0101kais veids, k\u0101 pan\u0101kt valstu atbilst\u012bbu l\u012bgas pras\u012bb\u0101m, ir apdraud\u0113t t\u0101s ar atteik\u0161anos no produktiem un pakalpojumiem<\/b> t\u0101du uz\u0146\u0113mumu k\u0101 Amazon, Facebook, Google un Microsoft un blo\u0137\u0113t \u0161o uz\u0146\u0113mumu piek\u013cuvi simtiem miljonu pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ju ASV un Eirop\u0101. L\u012bga nepl\u0101no blo\u0137\u0113t visu trafiku no ne-izsnieg\u0161anas dal\u012bbniekiem \u2014 tie\u0161i t\u0101pat k\u0101 \u0160engenas zona neaptver visus produktus un pakalpojumus no ne locek\u013ciem. No vienas puses, \u0161odien tehnolo\u0123ijas nesp\u0113j j\u0113gpilni filtr\u0113t visu kait\u012bgo trafiku nacion\u0101l\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b. Turkl\u0101t, lai to izdar\u012btu, vald\u012bb\u0101m b\u016btu j\u0101b\u016bt sp\u0113j\u0101m dekod\u0113t trafiku, kas nodar\u012bs vair\u0101k kait\u0113juma dro\u0161\u012bbai nek\u0101 pal\u012bdz\u0113s, un p\u0101rk\u0101ps priv\u0101tumu un pilsonisk\u0101s br\u012bv\u012bbas. Tom\u0113r l\u012bga aizliegs produktu un pakalpojumu pied\u0101v\u0101\u0161anu no uz\u0146\u0113mumiem un organiz\u0101cij\u0101m, kas ir zin\u0101mas par kibernoziegumu atbalst\u012b\u0161anu valst\u012bs, kas nav dal\u012bbnieces, k\u0101 ar\u012b blo\u0137\u0113s trafiku no noteikumu p\u0101rk\u0101p\u0113jiem interneta pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113jiem valst\u012bs, kas nav dal\u012bbnieces.<\/p>\n

Piem\u0113ram, iedom\u0101jieties, ja Ukrainai, kas ir zin\u0101ma k\u0101 dro\u0161a patv\u0113rums kibernoziedzniekiem, tiktu apdraud\u0113ts piek\u013cuve pakalpojumiem, pie kuriem t\u0101s pilso\u0146i, uz\u0146\u0113mumi un vald\u012bba jau ir pieradu\u0161i un no kuriem liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 var atkar\u012bgs t\u0101s tehnolo\u0123iskais progress. Ukrainas vald\u012bba saskarsies ar sp\u0113c\u012bgu stimulu beidzot nopietni pretoties kibernoziegumu pasaulei, kas ir att\u012bst\u012bjusies valsts robe\u017e\u0101s. \u0160\u0101das darb\u012bbas ir bezj\u0113dz\u012bgas pret \u0136\u012bnu un Krieviju: galu gal\u0101 \u0136\u012bnas Komunistisk\u0101 partija un KREMlS jau ir dar\u012bju\u0161i visu iesp\u0113jamo, lai izsl\u0113gtu savus pilso\u0146us no glob\u0101l\u0101 Interneta. Tom\u0113r L\u012bgas br\u012bv\u0101 interneta m\u0113r\u0137is nav main\u012bt t\u0101du \"ideolo\u0123isko\" nelabv\u0113\u013cu uzved\u012bbu, bet dr\u012bz\u0101k samazin\u0101t nodar\u012bto kait\u0113jumu un mudin\u0101t t\u0101das valstis k\u0101 Ukraina, Braz\u012blija, Indija g\u016bt pan\u0101kumus c\u012b\u0146\u0101 pret kibernoziegumiem.<\/p>\n

Saglab\u0101jot Interneta br\u012bv\u012bbu<\/h2>\n

\nGalvenais l\u012bguma princips b\u016bs br\u012bv\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161ana internet\u0101. Tom\u0113r dal\u012bbniekiem b\u016bs at\u013cauts veikt iz\u0146\u0113mumus katr\u0101 konkr\u0113taj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101. Piem\u0113ram, lai gan ASV neb\u016bs spiesti pie\u0146emt ES ierobe\u017eojumus attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz br\u012bv\u012bbu v\u0101rda, amerik\u0101\u0146u uz\u0146\u0113mumiem b\u016bs j\u0101dara sapr\u0101t\u012bgi centieni, lai nep\u0101rdotu un ner\u0101d\u012btu aizliegto saturu interneta lietot\u0101jiem Eirop\u0101. \u0160\u0101da pieeja liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 nostiprin\u0101s status quo. Bet t\u0101 ar\u012b piespiestu rietumvalstis form\u0101li izpild\u012bt uzdevumu ierobe\u017eot t\u0101das valstis k\u0101 \u0136\u012bna no Orvela redz\u0113juma par \u201cinform\u0101cijas dro\u0161\u012bbu\u201d, uzst\u0101jot, ka noteiktas izteiksmes formas rada vi\u0146iem valsts dro\u0161\u012bbas draudus. Piem\u0113ram, Pekina regul\u0101ri nos\u016bta piepras\u012bjumus cit\u0101m vald\u012bb\u0101m par satura no\u0146em\u0161anu, kas ievietots serveriem<\/a> uz vi\u0146u teritorijas, un kas kritiz\u0113 \u0136\u012bnas re\u017e\u012bmu vai kas apsprie\u017e grupas, ko re\u017e\u012bms \u0136\u012bn\u0101 aizliedz, piem\u0113ram, Falu\u0146gun. Savienot\u0101s Valstis noraida \u0161\u0101dus piepras\u012bjumus, bet citi var tikt pievilin\u0101ti piek\u0101pties, \u012bpa\u0161i p\u0113c tam, kad \u0136\u012bna ir veiku\u0161i pretpas\u0101kumus pret ASV atteik\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjumiem, s\u0101kot kiberuzbrukumus uz materi\u0101lu avotiem. Br\u012bv\u012bbas interneta l\u012bga dos stimulus cit\u0101m valst\u012bm, lai noraid\u012btu \u0161\u0101dus \u0136\u012bnas piepras\u012bjumus: tas b\u016btu pretrun\u0101 noteikumiem, un citas dal\u012bbvalstis pal\u012bdz\u0113s aizsarg\u0101t vi\u0146us no jebk\u0101das atrieb\u012bbas.<\/p>\n

L\u012bga b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ama meh\u0101nisms, lai kontrol\u0113tu t\u0101s dal\u012bbnieku noteikumu iev\u0113ro\u0161anu. Efekt\u012bvs instruments \u0161im var\u0113tu b\u016bt katra dal\u012bbnieka snieguma r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju uztur\u0113\u0161ana un publik\u0101cija. Ta\u010du modelis stingr\u0101kai nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas formai var\u0113tu atrasties Finan\u0161u pas\u0101kumu m\u0113r\u0137a grup\u0101, naudas atmazg\u0101\u0161anas pretiniekam, ko izveidoja G-7 un Eiropas Komisija 1989. gad\u0101 un finans\u0113 to dal\u012bbnieki. 37 FATF dal\u012bbvalstis veido liel\u0101ko da\u013cu finan\u0161u oper\u0101ciju pasaul\u0113. Dal\u012bbnieki piekr\u012bt pie\u0146emt desmitiem politiku, tostarp kriminaliz\u0113jot naudas atmazg\u0101\u0161anu un terorisma finans\u0113\u0161anu, un prasa bank\u0101m veikt pien\u0101c\u012bgu savu klientu p\u0101rbaudi. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai izmantotu stingru centraliz\u0113tu uzraudz\u012bbu, FATF izmanto sist\u0113mu, kur\u0101 katrs dal\u012bbnieks sec\u012bgi analiz\u0113 otra centienus un sniedz ieteikumus. Valstis, kas neiev\u0113ro pras\u012bto politiku, tiek ievietotas t\u0101 sauktaj\u0101 \u201epel\u0113kaj\u0101 sarakst\u0101\u201d FATF, kas prasa r\u016bp\u012bg\u0101ku izp\u0113ti. Noziegumu veic\u0113ji var tikt iek\u013cauti \u201emelnaj\u0101 sarakst\u0101\u201d, liekot bank\u0101m uzs\u0101kt detaliz\u0113tas p\u0101rbaudes, kas var pal\u0113nin\u0101t vai pat aptur\u0113t daudzas transakcijas.<\/p>\n

K\u0101 Br\u012bv\u0101 Interneta L\u012bga var\u0113s nov\u0113rst \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgu darb\u012bbu sav\u0101s dal\u012bbvalst\u012bs? Atkal ir starptautisk\u0101s sabiedr\u012bbas vesel\u012bbas sist\u0113mas modelis. L\u012bga izveidos un finans\u0113s iest\u0101di, l\u012bdz\u012bgu Pasaules Vesel\u012bbas organiz\u0101cijai, kas identific\u0113s neaizsarg\u0101tas tie\u0161saistes sist\u0113mas, inform\u0113s \u0161o sist\u0113mu \u012bpa\u0161niekus un str\u0101d\u0101s pie to stiprin\u0101\u0161anas (analogs PVO glob\u0101laj\u0101m vakcin\u0101cijas kampa\u0146\u0101m); atkl\u0101s un rea\u0123\u0113s uz straujiem \u013caunprogrammat\u016bru un robop\u0101rrai\u017eu uzliesmojumiem, pirms tie var nodar\u012bt pla\u0161u kait\u0113jumu (analogais slim\u012bbu uzliesmojumu uzraudz\u012bbai); un uz\u0146emsies atbild\u012bbu par atbildi, ja profilakse neizdodas (analogais atbildes reakcijai uz pandemij\u0101m). L\u012bgas dal\u012bbnieki ar\u012b piekristu attur\u0113ties no uzbrukuma kiberuzbrukumiem viens pret otru miera laik\u0101. \u0160\u0101da ap\u0146em\u0161an\u0101s, protams, nepie\u013caus Amerikas Savienotaj\u0101m Valst\u012bm vai vi\u0146u sabiedrotajiem uzs\u0101kt kiberuzbrukumus pret pretiniekiem, kuri gandr\u012bz noteikti paliks \u0101rpus l\u012bgas, t\u0101diem k\u0101 Ir\u0101na.<\/p>\n

Celt barjeras<\/h2>\n

\nBr\u012bv\u0101 Interneta l\u012bgas izveide pras\u012btu radik\u0101lu dom\u0101\u0161anas mai\u0146u. Ideja, ka piesl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s internetam galu gal\u0101 p\u0101rveidos autorit\u0101ros re\u017e\u012bmus, ir labs v\u0113l\u0113jums. Bet tas t\u0101 nav, tas nenotiks. Nev\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s pie\u0146emt \u0161o realit\u0101ti ir liel\u0101kais \u0161\u0137\u0113rslis alternat\u012bvam pieejai. Tom\u0113r ar laiku k\u013c\u016bs skaidrs, ka tehnolo\u0123iskais utopisms interneta ra\u0161an\u0101s laik\u0101 ir nepiem\u0113rots m\u016bsdienu pasaul\u0113.<\/p>\n

Rietumu tehnolo\u0123iju uz\u0146\u0113mumi, visticam\u0101k, pretosies Br\u012bv\u0101 Interneta l\u012bgas izveidei, jo vi\u0146i str\u0101d\u0101 pie t\u0101, lai iepriecin\u0101tu \u0136\u012bnu un ieg\u016btu piek\u013cuvi \u0136\u012bnas tirgum, jo vi\u0146u pieg\u0101des \u0137\u0113des liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 ir atkar\u012bgas no \u0136\u012bnas ra\u017eot\u0101jiem. Tom\u0113r \u0161o uz\u0146\u0113mumu izmaksas tiks da\u013c\u0113ji kompens\u0113tas ar to, ka, atgrie\u017eot \u0136\u012bnu, l\u012bga efekt\u012bvi aizsarg\u0101s vi\u0146us no konkurences no t\u0101s puses.<\/p>\n

Br\u012bv\u0101 Interneta l\u012bga, l\u012bdz\u012bga \u0160engenas zonai, ir vien\u012bgais veids, k\u0101 pasarg\u0101t internetu no draudiem, ko rada autorit\u0101ri re\u017e\u012bmi un citi \"sliktie z\u0113ni\". \u0160\u0101da sist\u0113ma ac\u012bmredzami b\u016bs maz\u0101k glob\u0101la nek\u0101 m\u016bsdienu br\u012bvi pieejamais internets. Bet tikai paaugstinot \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgas r\u012bc\u012bbas izmaksas, Amerikas Savienot\u0101s Valstis un to draugi var cer\u0113t mazin\u0101t kibernoziegumu apdraud\u0113jumu un ierobe\u017eot boj\u0101jumus, ko \u0161\u0101di re\u017e\u012bmi, piem\u0113ram, Pekin\u0101 un Maskav\u0101, var nodar\u012bt internetam.<\/p>\n

Autori:<\/p>\n

RICHARD A. CLARKE ir Good Harbor Security Risk Management dibin\u0101t\u0101js un izpilddirektors. Vi\u0146\u0161 kalpoja ASV vald\u012bb\u0101 k\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161ais prezidenta konsultants kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas jom\u0101, \u012bpa\u0161ais prezidenta pal\u012bgs glob\u0101lajos jaut\u0101jumos un nacion\u0101lais koordinators dro\u0161\u012bbas un terorisma apkaro\u0161anas jom\u0101.<\/p>\n

ROB KNAKE ir vec\u0101kais p\u0113tnieks Starptautisko attiec\u012bbu padom\u0113 un vec\u0101kais p\u0113tnieks Zieme\u013caustrumu universit\u0101tes Glob\u0101l\u0101s ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bbas instit\u016bt\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 bija kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas politikas direktors Nacion\u0101laj\u0101 dro\u0161\u012bbas padom\u0113 no 2011. l\u012bdz 2015. gadam.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Avots: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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C\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0445. \u042d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47 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