{"id":39389,"date":"2019-10-31T22:31:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:31:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:46","slug":"kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows","title":{"rendered":"K\u0101 Arduino izveidot programmas Windows","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"K\u0101
\n
\nReiz man pr\u0101t\u0101 ien\u0101ca d\u012bvaina doma apvienot 500 l\u0101zera r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju vienuviet<\/a><\/noindex>. Es pavad\u012bju daudz laika un to izdar\u012bju. Izdev\u0101s iespaid\u012bgi un bezj\u0113dz\u012bgi, bet man patika. Pirms pusgada man ien\u0101ca cita d\u012bvaina doma. \u0160oreiz pavisam neiespaid\u012bga, bet daudz noder\u012bg\u0101ka. Es ar\u012b pavad\u012bju daudz laika, str\u0101d\u0101jot pie t\u0101s. \u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 es pied\u0101v\u0101ju savas otr\u0101s d\u012bvain\u0101s idejas beta versiju.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nEs nosaucu projektu par Nanonyam (Nanonjams) un pat izdom\u0101ju tam logo (z\u012bm\u0113ju veselas 5 min\u016btes).<\/p>\n

\"K\u0101
\n
\nTiem, kas dom\u0101 Arduino terminos, var teikt, ka Nanonyam ir virtu\u0101ls Arduino shields Windows kontrolei.<\/p>\n

Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, Nanonyam ir virtu\u0101la ma\u0161\u012bna, kur\u0101 k\u0101 baitu kods tiek izmantota AVR mikrosh\u0113mas programmat\u016bra (ieteicams ATMEGA2560). \u0160\u012bs virtu\u0101l\u0101s ma\u0161\u012bnas iek\u0161ien\u0113 atrodas AVR kodola simulators, bet viet\u0101 perif\u0113rijas ier\u012bc\u0113m, kas atrodas adres\u0113s SRAM no 0x0060 l\u012bdz 0x01FF, ir \u012bpa\u0161s interfeiss virtu\u0101l\u0101m funkcij\u0101m (taj\u0101 skait\u0101 Windows API funkcij\u0101m). \u013boti svar\u012bgi ir uzreiz saprast: kodam Nanonyam nedr\u012bkst b\u016bt nek\u0101du piek\u013cuvi nor\u0101d\u012btajam atmi\u0146as diapazonam, lai nejau\u0161i nesauktu, piem\u0113ram, failu dz\u0113\u0161anas funkciju vai diska format\u0113\u0161anu. P\u0101r\u0113jais SRAM atmi\u0146as diapazons no 0x0200 l\u012bdz 0xFFFF (tas ir vair\u0101k nek\u0101 re\u0101l\u0101 mikrosh\u0113m\u0101) ir pieejams lietot\u0101jam jebk\u0101diem m\u0113r\u0137iem. Uzreiz j\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka ir speci\u0101la aizsardz\u012bba pret nejau\u0161u re\u0101l\u0101s mikrosh\u0113mas programmat\u016bras (vai citas arhitekt\u016bras programmat\u016bras) aktiviz\u0113\u0161anu: pirms<\/p>\n

lai izveidotu programmas Nanonyam, j\u0101izmanto speci\u0101las bibliot\u0113kas, kur\u0101s ir \u012bstenotas visas pa\u0161laik pieejam\u0101s virtu\u0101l\u0101s funkcijas. Lejupiel\u0101d\u0113jiet virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu Nanonyam un bibliot\u0113kas tai to var izdar\u012bt \u0161eit<\/a><\/noindex>. Bet virtu\u0101lo funkciju apraksta lapa<\/a><\/noindex>. J\u0101, un manas vietnes ir \u013coti primit\u012bvas un nav piel\u0101gotas mobilajiem ier\u012bc\u0113m.<\/p>\n

Programm\u0101 Nanonyam ir bezmaksas izmanto\u0161anai m\u0101jas un komerci\u0101l\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m. Nanonyam programma tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ta uz \"k\u0101 ir\" principa. Avota kods netiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ts.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0160obr\u012bd programma ir test\u0113\u0161anas stadij\u0101. Ir ieviestas aptuveni 200 virtu\u0101lo funkciju, kas \u013cauj izveidot vienk\u0101r\u0161as programmas Windows oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mai.
\nAc\u012bmredzot, veidot kaut ko sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu \u0161\u0101d\u0101 virtu\u0101laj\u0101 ma\u0161\u012bn\u0101 nevar\u0113s, jo kodam ir pieejami tikai 256 kB atmi\u0146as. Datus var glab\u0101t atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101s failos, grafisk\u0101 da\u013ca tiek \u012bstenota \u0101r\u0113ji. Visas funkcijas ir vienk\u0101r\u0161otas un piel\u0101gotas 8 bitu arhitekt\u016brai.<\/p>\n

Ko tad var izdar\u012bt Nanonyam? Es esmu izdom\u0101jis da\u017eas uzdevumu iesp\u0113jas.<\/p>\n

Programmu bloku izstr\u0101de<\/h4>\n

\n\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u044f 128×64 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f Nanonyam. \u041d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e OLED-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n

\"K\u0101
\n
\nNanonyam (savas gal\u012bg\u0101s ieceres ietvaros) ir lielisks r\u012bks programmu bloku izstr\u0101dei mikroprocesoriem, jo taj\u0101 ir grafikas funkcijas (var simul\u0113t displejus un indikatorus), failu apstr\u0101de (var izveidot \u017eurn\u0101lus, nolas\u012bt test\u0113\u0161anas datus), klaviat\u016bras funkcijas (var nolas\u012bt l\u012bdz 10 pog\u0101m vienlaikus), k\u0101 ar\u012b COM portu (par \u0161o ir atsevi\u0161\u0137s punkts).<\/p>\n

\u0100tru programmu izveide<\/h4>\n

\nPiem\u0113ram, jums ir \u0101tri j\u0101p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101 100500 teksta faili. Katru no tiem j\u0101atver, nedaudz j\u0101maina atbilsto\u0161i k\u0101dam vienk\u0101r\u0161am algoritmam, j\u0101saglab\u0101 un j\u0101aizver. Ja esat Python meistars, tad es j\u016bs apsveicu, jums viss ir. Bet, ja esat aizraut\u012bgs Arduino lietot\u0101js (un t\u0101du ir daudz), tad Nanonyam jums pal\u012bdz\u0113s atrisin\u0101t \u0161o uzdevumu. Tie\u0161i tas ir mans otrais m\u0113r\u0137is Nanonyam: pievienot daudz noder\u012bgu funkciju, piem\u0113ram, teksta apstr\u0101di, ekr\u0101nuz\u0146\u0113mumu izveidi vai tausti\u0146u nospie\u0161anas simul\u0101ciju sist\u0113m\u0101 (tas viss, starp citu, jau ir pieejams), k\u0101 ar\u012b daudz citu funkciju rut\u012bnas uzdevumu risin\u0101\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

Dzel\u017eu test\u0113\u0161ana caur COM portu<\/h4>\n

\nNanonyam var darboties k\u0101 termin\u0101ls, kas darbojas saska\u0146\u0101 ar j\u016bsu algoritmu. Var izveidot nelielu izv\u0113lni ier\u012bces vad\u012bbai un att\u0113lot datus, kas sa\u0146emti no porta. Var saglab\u0101t un nolas\u012bt datus no failiem anal\u012bzei. \u0113rts r\u012bks vienk\u0101r\u0161ai aparat\u016bras atk\u013c\u016bdo\u0161anai un kalibr\u0113\u0161anai, k\u0101 ar\u012b vienk\u0101r\u0161u virtu\u0101lo dzin\u0113ja vad\u012bbas pane\u013cu veido\u0161anai. \u0160is projekts var b\u016bt \u013coti noder\u012bgs studentiem un jaunajiem zin\u0101tniekiem.<\/p>\n

Programm\u0113\u0161anas m\u0101c\u012b\u0161ana<\/h4>\n

\nTom\u0113r, k\u0101 tas ir vis\u0101 Arduino projekt\u0101, galven\u0101 Nanonyam priek\u0161roc\u012bba ir funkciju, interfeisa un iel\u0101d\u0113t\u0101ja vienk\u0101r\u0161\u012bba. T\u0101p\u0113c \u0161is projekts noteikti b\u016bs interesants ies\u0101c\u0113jiem programm\u0113t\u0101jiem un tiem, kas ir apmierin\u0101ti ar Arduino l\u012bmeni. Starp citu, pats es v\u0113l neesmu detaliz\u0113ti apguvis Arduino, jo vienm\u0113r izmantoju WinAVR vai AVR Studio, un s\u0101ku ar assembleri. T\u0101p\u0113c zem\u0101k redzam\u0101 programmas piem\u0113rs var b\u016bt nedaudz nepareizs, bet tom\u0113r piln\u012bb\u0101 funkcion\u0101ls.<\/p>\n

Sveiki, Habr!<\/h4>\n

\nIr pien\u0101cis laiks iepaz\u012bties ar da\u017e\u0101m Nanonyam funkcij\u0101m un uzrakst\u012bt vienk\u0101r\u0161u programmu. Rakst\u012bsim Arduino, bet nevis t\u0101, k\u0101 to parasti dara, bet t\u0101, k\u0101 es to \u0161obr\u012bd zinu (es jau teicu, ka v\u0113l neesmu \u013coti labi iepazinies ar \u0161o vidi). Pirmk\u0101rt, izveidojam jaunu skici un izv\u0113lamies Mega2560 plati.<\/p>\n

\"K\u0101
\n
\nSaglab\u0101jam skici fail\u0101 un blakus kop\u0113jam Nanonyam bibliot\u0113ku<\/a><\/noindex>. Pareizi b\u016btu iek\u013caut bibliot\u0113ku virsrakstus, bet es nezinu, k\u0101 Arduino nor\u0101d\u012bt atsevi\u0161\u0137u failu kompil\u0101ciju, t\u0101p\u0113c pagaid\u0101m vienk\u0101r\u0161i iek\u013causim bibliot\u0113kas tie\u0161i (un visas uzreiz):<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>\n#include \"NanonyamnN_System_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Keyboard_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_File_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Math_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Text_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Graphics_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_RS232_lib.c\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nV\u0113l pareiz\u0101k b\u016btu izveidot \u012bpa\u0161u moduli \u201cNanonyam for Arduino\u201d, ko var\u0113tu instal\u0113t tie\u0161i no Arduino. Kad es ar to tiku skaidr\u012bb\u0101, es to izdar\u012b\u0161u, bet pagaid\u0101m vienk\u0101r\u0161i par\u0101d\u012b\u0161u darb\u012bbas principu ar virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu. Rakst\u0101m \u0161\u0101du kodu:<\/p>\n
\/\/\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435\nvoid setup() {\n  sys_Nanonyam();\/\/\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b\n  g_SetScreenSize(400,200);\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u044f 400\u0445200 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a\n  sys_WindowSetText(\"Example\");\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430\n  g_ConfigExternalFont(0,60,1,0,0,0,\"Arial\");\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442 Windows \u0432 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 0\n  g_SetExternalFont(0);\/\/\u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\n  g_SetBackRGB(0,0,255);\/\/\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439\n  g_SetTextRGB(255,255,0);\/\/\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0451\u043b\u0442\u044b\u0439\n  g_ClearAll();\/\/\u041e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d (\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430)\n  g_DrawTextCenterX(0,400,70,\"Hello, Habr!\");\/\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\n  g_Update();\/\/\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\n}\n\n\/\/\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0451\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b\nvoid loop() {\n  sys_Delay(100);\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u0160\u012bs programmas skici var lejupiel\u0101d\u0113t \u0161eit<\/a><\/noindex>. Detaliz\u0113tu funkciju aprakstu mekl\u0113jiet vietn\u0113<\/a><\/noindex>. Ceru, ka \u0161aj\u0101 kod\u0101 ir pietiekami daudz koment\u0101ru, lai saprastu b\u016bt\u012bbu. \u0160eit funkcija sys_Nanonyam()<\/b> pilda 'parola' lomu virtu\u0101lajai ma\u0161\u012bnai, kas no\u0146em ierobe\u017eojumus virtu\u0101laj\u0101m funkcij\u0101m. Bez \u0161\u012bs funkcijas programma sl\u0113gsies p\u0113c 3 sekund\u0113m.<\/p>\n
Noklik\u0161\u0137iniet uz pogas \u201cP\u0101rbaud\u012bt\u201d un nedr\u012bkst b\u016bt nek\u0101du k\u013c\u016bdu.<\/p>\n
\"K\u0101
\n
\n\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443). \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e «Skice>>Eksport\u0113t bin\u0101ro failu (CTRL+ALT+S)<\/i>«.<\/p>\n
\"K\u0101
\n
\nT\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di skices map\u0113 tiks kop\u0113ti divi HEX faili. M\u0113s \u0146emam tikai failu bez prefiksa \u00abwith_bootloader.mega\u00bb.<\/b><\/p>\n
Ir vair\u0101ki veidi, k\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bt HEX-failu virtu\u0101lajai ma\u0161\u012bnai Nanonyam, visi tie ir aprakst\u012bti \u0161aj\u0101 lap\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>. Es pied\u0101v\u0101ju izveidot blakus failam Nanonyam.exe<\/i> fails Nanonyam.path<\/i>, kur\u0101 j\u0101nor\u0101da pilns ce\u013c\u0161 l\u012bdz m\u016bsu HEX-failam. P\u0113c tam varam palaist Nanonyam.exe<\/i>. Sa\u0146emam logu ar m\u016bsu uzrakstu.<\/p>\n
\"K\u0101
\n
\nT\u0101pat var izveidot programmas cit\u0101s vid\u0113s, piem\u0113ram, AVR Studio vai WinAVR.<\/p>\n
\u0160aj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b nosl\u0113gsim iepaz\u012b\u0161anos ar Nanonyam. Galven\u0101 ideja tagad b\u016btu skaidra. Vair\u0101k piem\u0113ru ir pieejami m\u0101jaslap\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>. Ja pietiks interesentu, kas izmantos \u0161o projektu, es izveido\u0161u vair\u0101k piem\u0113ru un turpin\u0101\u0161u \u00abaizpild\u012bt\u00bb virtu\u0101lo funkciju bibliot\u0113kas. Tiks pie\u0146emtas konkr\u0113tas idejas projekta att\u012bst\u012b\u0161anai un zi\u0146ojumi par boj\u0101jumiem, k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m un nepiln\u012bb\u0101m. V\u0113lams s\u016bt\u012bt t\u0101s pa kontaktinform\u0101ciju, nor\u0101d\u012btu m\u0101jaslap\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>. Diskusijas tiek laipni gaid\u012btas koment\u0101ros.<\/p>\n
Paldies visiem par uzman\u012bbu un veiksm\u012bgu programm\u0113\u0161anu!
\n
Avots: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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