{"id":40723,"date":"2020-02-03T14:42:04","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/professiya-sistemnyj-administrator"},"modified":"2020-02-03T14:42:04","modified_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:04","slug":"professiya-sistemnyj-administrator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/professiya-sistemnyj-administrator","title":{"rendered":"Profesion\u0101: sist\u0113mu administrators","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bie\u017ei no vec\u0101k\u0101s paaudzes dzirdam ma\u0123isk\u0101s fr\u0101zes par \"vien\u012bgo ierakstu darb\u012bbas gr\u0101mat\u0101\". Paties\u012bb\u0101 ir n\u0101cies redz\u0113t piln\u012bgi p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161as st\u0101stus: meh\u0101ni\u0137is \u2014 augst\u0101k\u0101s pak\u0101pes meh\u0101ni\u0137is \u2014 darbn\u012bcas meistars \u2014 mai\u0146as vad\u012bt\u0101js \u2014 galvenais in\u017eenieris \u2014 r\u016bpn\u012bcas direktors. Tas nevar neietekm\u0113t m\u016bsu paaudzi, kura maina darbu vienu, divas, nu, kas tur \u2014 da\u017ek\u0101rt pat piecas un vair\u0101k reizes. Mums ir iesp\u0113ja ne vien main\u012bt uz\u0146\u0113mumu, bet ar\u012b main\u012bt profesiju un diezgan \u0101tri taj\u0101 apg\u016bt prasmes. \u012apa\u0161i paman\u0101mi tas ir IT jom\u0101, kur saskaramies ar visai d\u012bvainiem karjeras p\u0101rskait\u012bjumiem un radik\u0101l\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m karjeras k\u0101pn\u0113s, k\u0101 aug\u0161up, t\u0101 lejup.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nov\u0113rojot \u0161o procesu, m\u0113s saprat\u0101m, ka profesiju rokasgr\u0101mata ir piepras\u012bta ne tikai skol\u0113niem, kuri izv\u0113las augstskolu, bet ar\u012b pieaugu\u0161ajiem, kuri izv\u0113las savu ce\u013cu. T\u0101p\u0113c nol\u0113m\u0101m past\u0101st\u012bt par galvenaj\u0101m specialit\u0101t\u0113m, kas piepras\u012btas IT sf\u0113r\u0101. S\u0101kam ar mums tuv\u0101ko \u2014 sist\u0113mu administratoru.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/486204\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profesion\u0101: sist\u0113mu administrators\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/63eb779ecfaa492875847cb33e7df1b7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>Viss ir t\u0101<\/i><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Kas tas ir?<\/h2>\n<p>\nSist\u0113mu administrators ir speci\u0101lists, kur\u0161 nodarbojas ar IT infrastrukt\u016bras iestat\u012b\u0161anu, pilnveido\u0161anu un uztur\u0113\u0161anu uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101, tostarp aparat\u016bru, perif\u0113riju, programmat\u016bru un t\u012bkla piesl\u0113gumiem. Vai tas nav \u013coti form\u0101ls defin\u0113jums?<\/p>\n<p>To, ar ko nodarbojas sist\u0113mu administrators, nosaka uz\u0146\u0113muma lielums, darb\u012bbas joma, pa\u0161a administratora pieredze un prasmes. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai sniegtu defin\u012bciju, lab\u0101k izcelt konkr\u0113tus sist\u0113mu administratoru veidus.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>E\u0146\u0137es \u2014 ies\u0101c\u0113ju sist\u0113mu administrators, kur\u0161 veic pamata funkcijas aparat\u016bras un programmat\u016bras iestat\u012b\u0161an\u0101. Parasti vi\u0146\u0161 ir vec\u0101k\u0101 administratora pal\u012bgs vai administrators maz\u0101 ne-IT uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101, kur\u0161 risina aktu\u0101los incidentus.<\/li>\n<li>Sist\u0113mu administrators (vi\u0146\u0161 ar\u012b ir \u012bstais admins) \u2014 pla\u0161a profila speci\u0101lists, kur\u0161 atbild par IT infrastrukt\u016bras stabilu un bez k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m funkcion\u0113\u0161anu, veic uzraudz\u012bbu, organiz\u0113 inventariz\u0101ciju, atbild par lietot\u0101ju dro\u0161\u012bbu, nodarbojas ar t\u012bkliem utt. Vi\u0146\u0161 ir daudzrok\u0101m un daudzgalvains IT infrastrukt\u016bras dievs, kur\u0161 uz\u0146emas pien\u0101kumus par visu IT dz\u012bves ciklu uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 sastopams praktiski jebkur\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101.<\/li>\n<li>Sist\u0113mu arhitekts-in\u017eenieris ir speci\u0101lists, kur\u0161 projekt\u0113 IT infrastrukt\u016bru un t\u012bkla arhitekt\u016bru liel\u0101s korpor\u0101cij\u0101s.<\/li>\n<li>T\u012bkla administrators ir speci\u0101lists, kur\u0161 nodarbojas ar fizisko un lo\u0123isko t\u012bklu iestat\u012b\u0161anu un att\u012bst\u012bbu uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b ar r\u0113\u0137inu, uzskaites un trafika kontroles sist\u0113mu p\u0101rvald\u012bbu. Piepras\u012bts datu centros, telekomunik\u0101cij\u0101s, bank\u0101s un korpor\u0101cij\u0101s.<\/li>\n<li>Inform\u0101cijas dro\u0161\u012bbas in\u017eenieris ir speci\u0101lists, kur\u0161 nodro\u0161ina IT infrastrukt\u016bras dro\u0161\u012bbu visos l\u012bme\u0146os. Piepras\u012bts uz\u0146\u0113mumos, kas ir jut\u012bgi pret uzbrukumiem un iek\u013c\u016b\u0161anu t\u012bkl\u0101 (tas attiecas gan uz fintech, gan bank\u0101m, gan r\u016bpniec\u012bbu, un citiem).\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di, ja esat nol\u0113mis k\u013c\u016bt par sist\u0113mu administratoru, lab\u0101k ir uzreiz pl\u0101not, kur\u0101 virzien\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bsieties, jo k\u0101 enk\u012bjs \u0123imeni nevar\u0113s nodro\u0161in\u0101t un karjeru neveidosiet.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profesion\u0101: sist\u0113mu administrators\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/f8b7725e5f18c02e07173e6fd93bc362.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Kur nepiecie\u0161ams?<\/h2>\n<p>\nEs teiktu, ka visur, bet tas b\u016btu nepatiesi. Kaut k\u0101 iest\u0101d\u012bjumu mazo un vid\u0113jo uz\u0146\u0113mumu vad\u012bt\u0101ji uzskata, ka visu var \"iespiest\" m\u0101ko\u0146os, un sist\u0113mu administrators var b\u016bt tikai n\u0101ko\u0161ais enk\u012bjs. T\u0101p\u0113c bie\u017ei uz\u0146\u0113mumi stipri cie\u0161 no visp\u0101r\u0113jas IT infrastrukt\u016bras tr\u016bkuma (prec\u012bz\u0101k, IT nek\u0101rt\u012bbas), ta\u010du sist\u0113mu administratoru nenom\u0101. Ja jums izdodas iek\u013c\u016bt t\u0101d\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101, tad 99% gad\u012bjumu j\u0101s\u0101k darbu uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 uztvert k\u0101 pieredzi un virz\u012bties t\u0101l\u0101k, un tikai 1% gad\u012bjumu izdodas p\u0101rliecin\u0101t vad\u012bt\u0101ju, k\u013c\u016bt neaizvietojamam un izveidot ide\u0101lu IT vidi ar sak\u0101rtotu arhitekt\u016bru un prasm\u012bgu p\u0101rvald\u012bbu (tie\u0161i no re\u0101la piem\u0113ra aprakstu!).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Savuk\u0101rt uz\u0146\u0113mumos, kur IT ir galven\u0101 darb\u012bbas joma (hostings, izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji u.c.) vai ar\u012b oper\u0101cijas ir koncentr\u0113tas uz sevi (pieg\u0101de, interneta veikali, bankas, mazumtirdzniec\u012bba u.c.), sist\u0113mu administrators uzreiz k\u013c\u016bst par piepras\u012btu speci\u0101listu, kur\u0161 var att\u012bst\u012bties vien\u0101 vai vair\u0101kos virzienos. T\u0101 k\u0101 automatiz\u0101cija turpina iekarot uz\u0146\u0113mumus, atrast darbu s\u0101kuma un vid\u0113ja l\u012bme\u0146a sist\u0113mu administratora poz\u012bcij\u0101 neb\u016bs liels darbs. Un, kad k\u013c\u016bsiet par att\u012bst\u012btu speci\u0101listu, uz\u0146\u0113mumi par jums sacent\u012bsies, jo enk\u012bju ir daudz, bet profesion\u0101\u013cu, k\u0101 visur, ir \u013coti maz.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u0160\u012b raksta rakst\u012b\u0161anas br\u012bd\u012b <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/vacancies?divisions%5B%5D=administration&amp;currency=rur\">uz servisa \"Habr Karjere\" ir 67 vakances<\/a><\/noindex>, saist\u012bt\u0101m ar sist\u0113mu administr\u0113\u0161anu. Un j\u016bs varat redz\u0113t, ka specializ\u0101ciju kl\u0101sts ir pla\u0161s: no tehnisk\u0101 atbalsta darbinieka l\u012bdz inform\u0101cijas dro\u0161\u012bbas speci\u0101listam un DevOps. Starp citu, darbs tehniskaj\u0101 atbalst\u0101 s\u0101kum\u0101 \u013coti \u0101tri, kvalitat\u012bvi un dzi\u013ci att\u012bsta virkni prasmju, kas ir v\u0113rt\u012bgas sist\u0113mu administratoram.<\/p>\n<h2>Vid\u0113j\u0101 alga<\/h2>\n<p>\nAlgu skat\u012bsim atkal uz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/salaries\">Habr Karjera<\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Apskat\u012bsim vid\u0113jo algu, neizdalot prasmes \u00abSist\u0113mu administratoram\u00bb un \u00abDevOps\u00bb saska\u0146\u0101 ar datiem par 2019. gada otro pusgadu. T\u0101s ir vispopul\u0101r\u0101k\u0101s specialit\u0101tes sada\u013c\u0101 \u00abAdministr\u0113\u0161ana\u00bb, un t\u0101s ir visp\u0101r\u012bg\u0101k\u0101s. Sal\u012bdzin\u0101sim.<\/p>\n<p>Speci\u0101lista l\u012bmenis<\/p>\n<p>Sist\u0113mu administrators<\/p>\n<p>DevOps<\/p>\n<p>praktikants (intern)<\/p>\n<p>25 900 RUB<\/p>\n<p>nav praktikantu<\/p>\n<p>jaun\u0101kais (junior)<\/p>\n<p>32 560 RUB<\/p>\n<p>69 130 RUB<\/p>\n<p>vid\u0113jais (middle)<\/p>\n<p>58 822 RUB<\/p>\n<p>112 756 RUB<\/p>\n<p>vec\u0101kais (senior)<\/p>\n<p>82 710 RUB\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>146 445 RUB<\/p>\n<p>vad\u012bt\u0101js (lead)<\/p>\n<p>86 507 RUB<\/p>\n<p>197 561 RUB<\/p>\n<p>Cipari, protams, ir \u0146emti v\u0113r\u0101 Maskav\u0101, re\u0123ionos situ\u0101cija ir pietic\u012bg\u0101ka, bet, kas rakstur\u012bgi, proporcijas ir aptuveni t\u0101das pa\u0161as. Manupr\u0101t, \u0161\u0101da at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba ir pamatota, jo DevOps patiesi ir prasm\u012bg\u0101ki (ja run\u0101jam par kanoniskajiem devops, nevis par tiem, kuriem ir tikai nosaukums).<\/p>\n<p>Vien\u012bgais, ko nev\u0113l\u0113tos ieteikt, ir pie\u0146emt junior devops p\u0113c augstskolas. Teor\u0113tiski apm\u0101c\u012bti pui\u0161i, kuri nav iepazinu\u0161ies ne ar dev, ne ar ops, s\u0101kotn\u0113ji izskat\u0101s diezgan viduv\u0113ji, v\u0101ji att\u012bst\u0101s, jo nesaprot, kur virz\u012bties, un noteikti nesniedz naudu, kas vi\u0146iem tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ta. Jebkur\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 \u0161auraj\u0101s specializ\u0101cij\u0101s vajadz\u0113tu b\u016bt pieredz\u0113ju\u0161iem administr\u0101toram, kuri izg\u0101ju\u0161i cauri ugunij, \u016bdenim, var p\u0101rvar\u0113ja gr\u016bt\u012bbas, bash un PowerShell skriptus.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Pamatpras\u012bbas profesion\u0101lim<\/h2>\n<p>\nPras\u012bbas sist\u0113mu administratoriem at\u0161\u0137iras no uz\u0146\u0113muma uz uz\u0146\u0113mumu (k\u0101dam nepiecie\u0161ama 1C, 1C-Bitrix, Kubernetes, noteikta DBMS utt.), bet ir da\u017eas pamata pras\u012bbas, kas, visticam\u0101k, b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161amas jebkur\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zin\u0101\u0161anas un izpratne par OSI t\u012bkla modeli un pamata protokoliem.<\/li>\n<li>Windows un\/vai Unix oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas administr\u0113\u0161ana, tostarp grupas politikas, dro\u0161\u012bbas p\u0101rvald\u012bba, lietot\u0101ju izveide, att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101 pieeja, darbs ar komandu rindu un daudz kas cits.<\/li>\n<li>Bash, PowerShell skriptu rakst\u012b\u0161ana, kas \u013cauj automatiz\u0113t un optimiz\u0113t ikdienas uzdevumus sist\u0113mu administr\u0113\u0161an\u0101.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Datora, servera apr\u012bkojuma un perif\u0113rijas remonts un apkalpo\u0161ana.<\/li>\n<li>Darbs ar datoru t\u012bklu konfigur\u0101ciju un mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161anu.<\/li>\n<li>Darbs ar pasta serveriem un telefonijas serveriem.<\/li>\n<li>Ofisa programmu un lietojumprogrammu instal\u0113\u0161ana.<\/li>\n<li>T\u012bkla un infrastrukt\u016bras monitorings.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u0160\u012b ir b\u0101ze, ko oblig\u0101ti j\u0101apg\u016bst lab\u0101, p\u0101rliecin\u0101t\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b. Un tas nav tik vienk\u0101r\u0161i, k\u0101 var\u0113tu \u0161\u0137ist: katr\u0101 punkt\u0101 sl\u0113pjas masveida knifi, meistar\u012bbas nosl\u0113pumi, nepiecie\u0161amie programm\u0113\u0161anas r\u012bki, instrukcijas un manu\u0101\u013ci. God\u012bgi sakot, darbs ar pa\u0161izgl\u012bto\u0161anos pie pilnas slodzes galvenaj\u0101 darb\u0101 aiz\u0146ems vismaz gadu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profesion\u0101: sist\u0113mu administrators\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/3ccce68de58c3844296f07bf46085fa5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>T\u0101tad, kad j\u016bs apg\u016bsiet, j\u016bs saprat\u012bsiet \u0161o joku.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Svar\u012bgas person\u012bg\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas<\/h2>\n<p>\nSist\u0113mu administrators ir speci\u0101lists, kuru nevar izol\u0113t uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 un profesion\u0101laj\u0101 vid\u0113. Vi\u0146am past\u0101v\u012bgi j\u0101komunic\u0113 ar cilv\u0113kiem pa telefonu un person\u012bgi, t\u0101p\u0113c intravert\u0101s iez\u012bmes b\u016bs j\u0101uzvar. Sist\u0113mu administratoram j\u0101b\u016bt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>stresa notur\u012bgam \u2014 lai sp\u0113tu tikt gal\u0101 ar lietot\u0101ju neadekv\u0101to uzved\u012bbu, milz\u012bgo darba apjomu un komunik\u0101ciju ar vad\u012bbu;<\/li>\n<li>multitasko\u0161am \u2014 parasti IT infrastrukt\u016bras p\u0101rvald\u012bba noz\u012bm\u0113 akt\u012bvu darbu ar da\u017e\u0101diem l\u012bdzek\u013ciem, vair\u0101ku uzdevumu vienlaic\u012bgu risin\u0101\u0161anu un vair\u0101ku incidentu izskat\u012b\u0161anu;<\/li>\n<li>sp\u0113j\u012bgam pl\u0101not laiku \u2014 tikai stingra pl\u0101no\u0161ana pal\u012bdz\u0113s izvair\u012bties no k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m, nokav\u0113tiem darbiem un uzdevumu termi\u0146u neizpildes;<\/li>\n<li>komunic\u0113jo\u0161am \u2014 sp\u0113j\u012bgam klaus\u012bties, analiz\u0113t un saprast, ko v\u0113las teikt lietot\u0101ji (da\u017ereiz tas ir \u013coti, \u013coti sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti);<\/li>\n<li>tehniski dom\u0101jo\u0161am \u2014 diem\u017e\u0113l bez sp\u0113jas dom\u0101t in\u017eenieriski, sistem\u0101tiski un algoritmiski sist\u0113mu administr\u0113\u0161an\u0101 neko nevar izdar\u012bt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Sve\u0161valodu prasmes nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba<\/h2>\n<p>\nJa uz\u0146\u0113mums izvirza pras\u012bbas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz valodu zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m, kas attiecas uz speci\u0101listiem, tad sist\u0113mu administratoram j\u0101atbilst \u0161iem noteikumiem (piem\u0113ram, uz\u0146\u0113mums nodro\u0161ina \u0101rpakalpojumu iesp\u0113jas \u0101rvalstu uz\u0146\u0113mumiem). Bet kopum\u0101 sist\u0113mu administrators ir j\u0101sp\u0113j saprast pamata komandas un sist\u0113mas zi\u0146ojumus ang\u013cu valod\u0101 \u2014 liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai tas ir pietiekami.<\/p>\n<p>Tom\u0113r, ja v\u0113laties att\u012bst\u012bt karjeru, ieg\u016bt starptautiskas sertifik\u0101cijas, tostarp Cisco, un b\u016bt pirmais, kas saprot jaun\u0101k\u0101s tehnolo\u0123ijas, jums b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ama ang\u013cu valoda vismaz Upper Intermediate l\u012bmen\u012b. \u013boti ieteicams veikt \u0161o ieguld\u012bjumu profesion\u0101laj\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101, tas nav nekads fantastisks l\u012bmenis; apg\u016bt ir piln\u012bgi re\u0101li pat bez valodas prasm\u0113m.<\/p>\n<h2>Kur m\u0101c\u012bties<\/h2>\n<p>\nSist\u0113mu administratora profesija ir interesanta ar to, ka nav specifisku izgl\u012bt\u012bbas pras\u012bbu, lai iek\u013c\u016btu specialit\u0101t\u0113, jo k\u0101 t\u0101du sist\u0113mu administratorus \u012bpa\u0161\u0101 fakult\u0101t\u0113 nem\u0101ca. S\u0101kotn\u0113ji viss ir atkar\u012bgs no jums \u2014 cik gatavi esat patst\u0101v\u012bgi apg\u016bt teoriju un praktiz\u0113ties, str\u0101d\u0101jot ar oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113m\u0101m (Windows un Unix), perif\u0113rij\u0101m un dro\u0161\u012bbu. Faktiski j\u016bsu dators ir j\u0101b\u016bt j\u016bsu m\u0101c\u012bbu laboratorijai (un v\u0113l lab\u0101k, ja jums b\u016bs atsevi\u0161\u0137a ma\u0161\u012bna \u0161\u0101d\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m, lai process netrauc\u0113tu galvenajam darbam un m\u0101c\u012bb\u0101m).<\/p>\n<p>Teikt, ka sist\u0113mu administrators ir profesija bez izgl\u012bt\u012bbas un pa\u0161m\u0101c\u012bb\u0101m, m\u016bsdien\u0101s ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i noziegums, jo m\u0113s redzam labi apmaks\u0101tu sist\u0113mu administratoru l\u012bmeni. T\u0101tad past\u0101v pamata \"klasisk\u0101\" komplekts, kas jums b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ams.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u016btisk\u0101 izgl\u012bt\u012bba, v\u0113lams tehniska, sniegs jums izpratni par algoritmisko dom\u0101\u0161anu, in\u017eenieriju, elektroener\u0123iju utt. Tas b\u016btiski atvieglos specialit\u0101tes izpratni un pa\u0101trin\u0101s t\u0101s apguvi. Turkl\u0101t nevajadz\u0113tu aizmirst, ka liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai krievu darba dev\u0113ju diploms joproj\u0101m ir svar\u012bgs dokuments, pie\u0146emot darb\u0101.<\/li>\n<li>Viens vai vair\u0101ki Cisco sertifik\u0101ti iev\u0113rojami uzlabos j\u016bsu prasmes un padar\u012bs CV konkur\u0113tsp\u0113j\u012bg\u0101ku. Piem\u0113ram, Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT) \u2014 pirm\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a in\u017eeniera-tehni\u0137a Cisco sertifik\u0101ts vai Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Routing and Switching \u2014 viens no pamata sertifik\u0101tiem s\u0101kuma l\u012bmen\u012b. Ar Cisco j\u016bs sastapsieties praktiski jebkur\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101, \u012bpa\u0161i liel\u0101. Katr\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 \u0161\u012b profesion\u0101l\u0101 sertifik\u0101cija b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 ir zelta standarts t\u012bkla darb\u0101. N\u0101kotn\u0113 var ieg\u016bt citus l\u012bme\u0146us, bet, k\u0101 jau nosl\u0113pum\u0101 saku, jau darba dev\u0113ja v\u0101rd\u0101 \ud83d\ude09<\/li>\n<li>Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no darba profila j\u016bs varat ieg\u016bt atbilsto\u0161us sertifik\u0101tus oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113m\u0101s, dro\u0161\u012bb\u0101, t\u012bklo\u0161an\u0101 utt. Tas ir re\u0101li piepras\u012bts dokuments darba dev\u0113jiem, un no savas pieredzes varu teikt \u2014 gatavojoties eks\u0101meniem, j\u016bs patie\u0161\u0101m apg\u016bstat t\u0113mu piln\u012bb\u0101. Ja pa\u0161i nesatiksieties ar materi\u0101liem un ierobe\u017eosieties tikai ar kursa nodarb\u012bb\u0101m, eks\u0101menu iziet praktiski nav iesp\u0113jams.<\/li>\n<li>Ir v\u0113l viens izgl\u012bt\u012bbas veids \u2014 kompleksie Windows un Unix sist\u0113madministratoru kursi. Protams, daudz kas ir atkar\u012bgs no pasniedz\u0113ja un organiz\u0101cijas, kas veic kursu, bet kursa kvalit\u0101te var stipri vilties. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101, ja viss norit veiksm\u012bgi, \u0161\u0101ds kurss lieliski sistematiz\u0113 zin\u0101\u0161anas un sak\u0101rto t\u0101s. Ja tom\u0113r nolemsiet ieg\u016bt \u0161\u0101du papildus izgl\u012bt\u012bbu, izv\u0113lieties nevis augstskolu, bet korporat\u012bvo universit\u0101ti, kur lekcijas un praktisk\u0101s nodarb\u012bbas pasniedz re\u0101li, str\u0101d\u0101jo\u0161i profesion\u0101\u013ci, nevis teor\u0113ti\u0137i no 90.gadiem.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSist\u0113madministrators ir profesija, kas prasa nep\u0101rtrauktu jauno tehnolo\u0123iju, aizsardz\u012bbas l\u012bdzek\u013cu, IT infrastrukt\u016bras p\u0101rvald\u012bbas sist\u0113mu apguvi utt. Bez past\u0101v\u012bgas iegrim\u0161anas jaunajos materi\u0101los j\u016bs \u0101tri zaud\u0113sit savu kvalifik\u0101ciju un v\u0113rt\u012bbu tirg\u016b.<\/p>\n<p>Jums neizdosies apiet pamatus un k\u013c\u016bt par lielu profesion\u0101li \u2014 bez datora arhitekt\u016bras, servera izpratnes, piem\u0113roto un pakalpojumu programmat\u016bras, oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mu principu izpratnes nekas nesan\u0101ks. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c sist\u0113madministratoriem k\u0101 nekad svar\u012bga ir atzi\u0146a \u00abs\u0101ciet ar s\u0101kumu\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h2>Lab\u0101k\u0101s gr\u0101matas un m\u0101c\u012bbu l\u012bdzek\u013ci<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Klasika ir Endr\u016b Tanenbaums: \u00abDatora arhitekt\u016bra\u00bb, \u00abDatoru t\u012bkli\u00bb, \u00abM\u016bsdienu oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas\u00bb. \u0160\u012bs ir tr\u012bs biezas gr\u0101matas, kas tom\u0113r ir p\u0101rdz\u012bvoju\u0161as vair\u0101kus izdevumus, lieliski las\u0101s un tiek uztvertas. Vair\u0101k, da\u017ei sist\u0113madministratori savu m\u012blest\u012bbu pret darbu uzs\u0101k tie\u0161i ar \u0161\u012bm gr\u0101mat\u0101m.<\/li>\n<li>T.Limon\u010delli, K. Hogans \u00abSist\u0113mu un t\u012bklu administr\u0113\u0161anas prakse\u00bb ir neticami laba \u00absmadzenes sak\u0101rtojo\u0161a\u00bb gr\u0101mata jau gatavajam sist\u0113madministratoram. Paties\u012bb\u0101 Limon\u010delli ir daudz labu gr\u0101matu sist\u0113madministratoriem.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>R. Paiks, B. Kernigans \u00abUnix. Programmat\u016bras vide\u00bb, un citas Kernigana gr\u0101matas<\/li>\n<li>Noah Gift \u00abPython UNIX un Linux sist\u0113mu administr\u0113\u0161an\u0101\u00bb \u2014 lieliska gr\u0101mata automatiz\u0101cijas entuziastiem.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nPapildus gr\u0101mat\u0101m, jums noder\u0113s ra\u017eot\u0101ju rokasgr\u0101matas, ieb\u016bv\u0113t\u0101s oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mu un aplik\u0101ciju pal\u012bdz\u012bbas funkcijas, instrukcijas un noteikumi \u2014 parasti taj\u0101s ir viegli atrast visu nepiecie\u0161amo inform\u0101ciju. J\u0101, bie\u017ei t\u0101s ir ang\u013cu valod\u0101 un diem\u017e\u0113l slikti lokaliz\u0113tas krievu valod\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Un, protams, Habr un specializ\u0113t\u0101s f\u00f3rums \u2014 lielisks atbalsts sist\u0113mu administratoriem jebkura l\u012bme\u0146a. Kad man bija j\u0101m\u0101c\u0101s Windows Server 2012 zin\u0101tne, Habr izr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s liels atbalsts \u2014 m\u0113s tolaik iepazin\u0101mies v\u0113l tuv\u0101k.<\/p>\n<h2>N\u0101kotne sist\u0113mu administratoram<\/h2>\n<p>\nEsmu dzird\u0113jis par sist\u0113mu administratoru profesijas degrad\u0101ciju, un argumenti par \u0161o t\u0113zi ir vair\u0101k nek\u0101 v\u0101ji: robotus tas sp\u0113s, m\u0101ko\u0146i garant\u0113 darbu bez administratora utt. Jaut\u0101jums par to, kur\u0161 administr\u0113 m\u0101ko\u0146us, piem\u0113ram, pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ja pus\u0113, paliek atv\u0113rts. Paties\u012bb\u0101 sist\u0113mu administratora profesija nevis degrad\u0113jas, bet gan p\u0101rtop sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbas un univers\u0101luma virzien\u0101. T\u0101p\u0113c, ja j\u016bs esat izv\u0113l\u0113ju\u0161ies tie\u0161i to, jums paveras vair\u0101ki ce\u013ci.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DevOps vai DevSecOps \u2014 specializ\u0101cija uz att\u012bst\u012bbas, administr\u0113\u0161anas un dro\u0161\u012bbas \u0161\u0137\u0113rsnykts. \u0160obr\u012bd uzman\u012bba uz DevOps tikai pieaug, un \u0161is trends turpin\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bties virzien\u0101 uz konteineriz\u0101ciju, noslogot\u0101m aplik\u0101cij\u0101m un sist\u0113m\u0101m, mikropakalpojumu arhitekt\u016bru utt. Izp\u0113tiet to visu, kam\u0113r t\u0101 izskat\u0101s k\u0101 priorit\u0101ra n\u0101kotne.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Inform\u0101cijas dro\u0161\u012bba \u2014 v\u0113l viena att\u012bst\u012bbas joma. Ja agr\u0101k inform\u0101cijas dro\u0161\u012bbas speci\u0101listi bija tikai telekomunik\u0101cij\u0101s un bank\u0101s, tad \u0161odien tie nepiecie\u0161ami praktiski jebkur\u0101 IT uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101. Joma nav viegla, prasa zin\u0101\u0161anas izstr\u0101d\u0113, uzlau\u0161anas un aizsardz\u012bbas sist\u0113m\u0101s \u2014 tas ir krietni dzi\u013c\u0101k nek\u0101 tikai antiv\u012brusa uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana un ugunsm\u016bra konfigur\u0113\u0161ana. Un, starp citu, inform\u0101cijas dro\u0161\u012bbai ir atsevi\u0161\u0137as specialit\u0101tes augstskol\u0101s, t\u0101p\u0113c, ja j\u016bs esat ce\u013ca s\u0101kum\u0101, varat t\u016bl\u012bt uzs\u0101kt studijas attiec\u012bgaj\u0101 jom\u0101, bet, ja esat \u201egudr\u0101ks\u201d, varat apsv\u0113rt ma\u0123istrat\u016bru, lai padzi\u013cin\u0101tu zin\u0101\u0161anas un ieg\u016btu diplomu.<\/li>\n<li>CTO, CIO \u2014 vadojo\u0161\u0101s poz\u012bcijas IT jom\u0101 vai uz\u0146\u0113mumu IT strukt\u016br\u0101s. Lieliska iesp\u0113ja tiem, kam, papildus sist\u0113miskai dom\u0101\u0161anai un m\u012blest\u012bbai uz tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m, ir vad\u012bt\u0101ja un finansi\u0101l\u0101s prasmes. J\u016bs vad\u012bsiet visu IT infrastrukt\u016bru, veiksiet sare\u017e\u0123\u012btas ievie\u0161anas, izveidosiet arhitekt\u016bras biznesam, un tas, protams, ir \u013coti labi apmaks\u0101ts. Tom\u0113r, k\u0101 r\u0101da prakse, CTO\/CIO liel\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 ir ar\u012b sp\u0113ja vienoties, izskaidrot, pamatot un virz\u012bt bud\u017eetus, tas ir milz\u012bgs stress un atbild\u012bba.<\/li>\n<li>Atv\u0113rt savu uz\u0146\u0113mumu. Piem\u0113ram, nodarboties ar sist\u0113mu administr\u0113\u0161anu un uz\u0146\u0113mumu atbalstu k\u0101 \u0101rpakalpojums. T\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 j\u016bs var\u0113sit izveidot savu grafiku, pl\u0101not pe\u013c\u0146u un nodarbin\u0101t\u012bbu, nodro\u0161in\u0101t t\u0101s pakalpojumus, kuri jums izn\u0101k vislab\u0101k. Ta\u010du tas nav viegls ce\u013c\u0161, gan attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz klientu b\u0101zes veido\u0161anu un uztur\u0113\u0161anu, gan ar\u012b uz vad\u012bbu, finans\u0113m un ties\u012bb\u0101m.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nProtams, var doties ar\u012b uz telekomunik\u0101cij\u0101m, izstr\u0101di, vai par produktu tehnisk\u0101s p\u0101rdo\u0161anas mened\u017eeriem (starpcitu, d\u0101rgs variants!), un uz m\u0101rketingu \u2014 viss atkar\u012bgs no j\u016bsu person\u012bgaj\u0101m tendenc\u0113m un specializ\u0101cijas izpratnes. Var palikt par for\u0161u sist\u0113mu administratoru un p\u0101rsp\u0113t visus min\u0113tos gan alg\u0101, gan prasm\u0113s. Bet tam ir j\u0101b\u016bt j\u016bsu v\u0113lmei un pieredzei, k\u0101 ar\u012b uz\u0146\u0113muma vad\u012bbas izpratnei par IT infrastrukt\u016bras noz\u012bm\u012bgumu (kas ir patie\u0161\u0101m liela reta par\u0101d\u012bba).\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Profesijas m\u012bti<\/h2>\n<p>\nK\u0101 jebkurai profesijai, sist\u0113mu administr\u0113\u0161ana ir apv\u012bta ar m\u012btiem. Priec\u0101\u0161os atsp\u0113kot visizplat\u012bt\u0101kos.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sist\u0113mu administratori ir darba profesija. N\u0113, tas ir intelektu\u0101ls, sare\u017e\u0123\u012bts darbs ar daudzuzdevumu risin\u0101\u0161anu un slodz\u0113m, jo m\u016bsdienu pasaul\u0113 IT infrastrukt\u016bra noz\u012bm\u0113 p\u0101r\u0101k daudz jebkur\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101.<\/li>\n<li>Sist\u0113mu administratori ir \u013cauni. N\u0113, parasti \u2014 atkar\u012bgs no profesijas p\u0101rst\u0101vja rakstura. Bet vi\u0146us patie\u0161\u0101m kaitina lietot\u0101ji, kuri nesp\u0113j aprakst\u012bt probl\u0113mu vai, nedod Dievs, uzskata sevi par gandr\u012bz hakeriem un pirms izsauc pal\u012bdz\u012bbu, v\u0113l vair\u0101k pasliktina probl\u0113mu.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profesion\u0101: sist\u0113mu administrators\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/0b2645440f2e449cd821dfa7181c0476.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Nav \u013cauni, bet b\u012bstami!<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Sist\u0113mas administr\u0101toriem nav nepiecie\u0161ama izgl\u012bt\u012bba. Ja nev\u0113laties visu m\u016b\u017eu \u00ablabo\u0161us pl\u012btis\u00bb un nodarboties ar pamata liet\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, antiv\u012brusu un citu programmu instal\u0113\u0161anu, m\u0101c\u012bties ir j\u0101turpina past\u0101v\u012bgi, gan patst\u0101v\u012bgi, gan profesion\u0101los sertific\u0113tos kursos. Augst\u0101k\u0101 izgl\u012bt\u012bba pal\u012bdz\u0113s pa\u0101trin\u0101t pa\u0161m\u0101c\u012b\u0161an\u0101s procesu un sare\u017e\u0123\u012btas tehnisk\u0101s inform\u0101cijas uztveri.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Sist\u0113mas administratori ir slinki. O, tas ir mans m\u012b\u013c\u0101kais m\u012bts! Labs sist\u0113mas administrators str\u0101d\u0101 ar IT infrastrukt\u016bras p\u0101rvald\u012bbas programmat\u016bru un uztur visu sist\u0113mu k\u0101rt\u012bb\u0101. Tas prasa milz\u012bgu laika daudzumu, bie\u017ei vien prasa p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgu darbu, bet no malas, j\u0101, \u0161\u0137iet, ka sist\u0113mas administrators vienk\u0101r\u0161i s\u0113\u017e pie datora, t\u0101pat k\u0101 m\u0113s visi. Parastajam skat\u012bt\u0101jam tas izskat\u0101s nek\u0101rt\u012bgi: administratoram ta\u010du vajadz\u0113tu apgriezt vadus un skraid\u012bt ar krimperi un stript\u012bzu. Stulbums, \u012bsum\u0101. Tom\u0113r neviens nav bez gr\u0113ka \u2014 bet slinkais sist\u0113mas administrators j\u016bs uzreiz sajut\u012bsiet uz savas \u0101das.<\/li>\n<li>Sist\u0113mas administratori ir nesakopti, n\u0113s\u0101 izstieptas d\u017eemperus un ar b\u0101rdu. Sist\u0113mas administratora izskatu nenoteic nek\u0101di standarti, un tas atkar\u012bgs tikai no vi\u0146a person\u012bgaj\u0101m v\u0113lm\u0113m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nBet visp\u0101r katr\u0101 jok\u0101 ir da\u013ca paties\u012bbas, un kopum\u0101 sist\u0113mas administratori ir kr\u0101saini, interesanti cilv\u0113ki ar savdab\u012bgu komunik\u0101cijas stilu. Ar vi\u0146iem vienm\u0113r var atrast kop\u012bgu valodu.<\/p>\n<h2>Galvenais padoms<\/h2>\n<p>\nBr\u012bnumu neb\u016bs, un j\u016bs nek\u013c\u016bsiet par super sist\u0113mas administratoru, ja s\u0113d\u0113siet maz\u0101 biroj\u0101 un veiksiet pamata darbu. J\u016bs noteikti izdeg\u0101t, vil\u0161an\u0101s par profesiju un apgalvosiet, ka tas ir slikt\u0101kais darbs pasaul\u0113. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c \u2014 att\u012bstieties, mainiet darbu, nebaidieties no interesantiem un sare\u017e\u0123\u012btiem uzdevumiem \u2014 un j\u016bs pa\u0161i neman\u012bsit, k\u0101 k\u013c\u016bsiet par patiesi piepras\u012btu un labi apmaks\u0101tu profesion\u0101li.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b>P.S.:<\/b> koment\u0101ros m\u0113s k\u0101 vienm\u0113r gaid\u0101m padomus no pieredz\u0113ju\u0161iem sist\u0113mas administr\u0101toriem un st\u0101stus par to, kas jums pal\u012bdz\u0113ja karjer\u0101, k\u0101 j\u016bs non\u0101c\u0101t pie \u0161\u012b darba, ko m\u012blat taj\u0101 un ko n\u0113. K\u0101 kl\u0101jas sist\u0113mas administr\u0113\u0161anai 2020. gad\u0101?<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profesion\u0101: sist\u0113mu administrators\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/98f515cd3ee1bc84d2d960e9d3c316b4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/486204\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e \u00ab\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0435\u00bb. \u0418 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044c \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u0445\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0434\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043c \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40724,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 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