{"id":41229,"date":"2020-02-06T20:43:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T17:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/opasno-li-derzhat-otkrytym-rdp-v-internete"},"modified":"2020-02-06T20:43:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-06T17:43:00","slug":"opasno-li-derzhat-otkrytym-rdp-v-internete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/opasno-li-derzhat-otkrytym-rdp-v-internete","title":{"rendered":"Vai ir b\u012bstami atst\u0101t RDP atv\u0113rtu internet\u0101?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bie\u017ei esmu las\u012bjis viedokli, ka atv\u0113rt RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) portu internet\u0101 ir \u013coti nedro\u0161i un t\u0101 nedr\u012bkst dar\u012bt. Dr\u012bz\u0101k RDP piek\u013cuve b\u016btu j\u0101sniedz vai nu caur VPN, vai tikai no noteiktiem \"baltajiem\" IP adres\u0113m.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Es administr\u0113ju vair\u0101kus Windows Serverus maz\u0101m firm\u0101m, kuru uzdevums ir nodro\u0161in\u0101t att\u0101lin\u0101to piek\u013cuvi Windows Serveram gr\u0101matve\u017eiem. \u0160\u0101ds m\u016bsdien\u012bgs trends - darbs no m\u0101j\u0101m. Pietiekami \u0101tri sapratu, ka gr\u0101matve\u017eus moc\u012bt ar VPN ir neiesp\u0113jami, un sav\u0101kt visus IP baltajam sarakstam neizdosies, jo cilv\u0113kiem IP adreses ir dinamiskas.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>T\u0101d\u0113\u013c es izv\u0113l\u0113jos visvienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101ko ce\u013cu - atv\u0113ru RDP portu uz \u0101ru. Tagad gr\u0101matve\u017eu piek\u013cuve ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a - nepiecie\u0161ams palaist RDP un ievad\u012bt saimniekdatora nosaukumu (iek\u013caujot portu), lietot\u0101jv\u0101rdu un paroli.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 es dal\u012b\u0161os ar pieredzi (gan pozit\u012bvu, gan ne tik \u013coti) un ieteikumiem.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Riski<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K\u0101da veida riskam j\u016bs pak\u013caujat atverot RDP portu?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>1) Neautoriz\u0113ta piek\u013cuve sensit\u012bviem datiem<\/b><br \/>\nJa k\u0101ds uzmin\u0113s RDP paroli, vi\u0146\u0161 var\u0113s piek\u013c\u016bt datiem, kurus j\u016bs v\u0113laties saglab\u0101t priv\u0101tus: kontu st\u0101voklim, bilanc\u0113m, klientu datiem, \u2026<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>2) Datu zudums<\/b><br \/>\nPiem\u0113ram, v\u012brusa-\u0161ifr\u0113t\u0101ja darb\u012bbas rezult\u0101t\u0101.<br \/>\nVai ar\u012b ar \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgas personas m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgu r\u012bc\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>3) Darbstaciju zudums<\/b><br \/>\nDarbiniekiem ir j\u0101dara darbs, bet sist\u0113ma ir apdraud\u0113ta, nepiecie\u0161ama p\u0101reinstall\u0113\u0161ana \/ atjauno\u0161ana \/ konfigur\u0113\u0161ana.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>4) Viet\u0113j\u0101s t\u012bkla kompromit\u0101cija<\/b><br \/>\nJa \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bga persona piek\u013cuva Windows datoram, tad no \u0161\u012b datora vi\u0146\u0161 var piek\u013c\u016bt sist\u0113m\u0101m, kas nav pieejamas no \u0101rpuses, no interneta. Piem\u0113ram, failu koplieto\u0161anai, t\u012bkla printeriem utt.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Man bija gad\u012bjums, kad Windows Server sa\u0137\u0113ra \u0161ifr\u0113t\u0101ju<\/b><\/p>\n<p>un \u0161is \u0161ifr\u0113t\u0101js vispirms aizv\u0113ra liel\u0101ko da\u013cu failu diska C:, p\u0113c tam s\u0101ka \u0161ifr\u0113t failus uz NAS pa t\u012bklu. T\u0101 k\u0101 NAS bija Synology ar iestat\u012btiem snapshots, es NAS atjaunoju 5 min\u016bt\u0113s, bet Windows Serveru p\u0101rinstal\u0113ju no jauna.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Nov\u0113rojumi un ieteikumi<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Es monitor\u0113ju Windows Serverus ar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/beats\/winlogbeat\">Winlogbeat<\/a><\/noindex>, kas s\u016bta \u017eurn\u0101lus uz ElasticSearch. Kibana ir vair\u0101kas vizualiz\u0101cijas, un es v\u0113l esmu iestat\u012bjis sev piel\u0101gotu inform\u0101cijas paneli.<br \/>\nPats monitoring nepasarg\u0101, bet pal\u012bdz saprast nepiecie\u0161amos pas\u0101kumus.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0160eit ir da\u017eas nov\u0113ro\u0161anas:<br \/>\n<b>a) RDP tiks brut\u0101l\u0101 sp\u0113k\u0101 uzbrukt.<\/b><br \/>\nVien\u0101 no serveriem es RDP p\u0101rvietoju nevis uz standarta portu 3389, bet uz 443 \u2014 nu, t\u0101 teikt, mask\u0113jos zem HTTPS. Portu main\u012bt no standarta, iesp\u0113jams, ir v\u0113rts, bet no t\u0101 ir maz j\u0113gas. L\u016bk, statistika no \u0161\u012b servera:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vai ir b\u012bstami atst\u0101t RDP atv\u0113rtu internet\u0101?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6f7fccd9378d323b67a6186bde54fc2c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Redzams, ka ned\u0113\u013cas laik\u0101 bija gandr\u012bz 400 000 neveiksm\u012bgu m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumu piek\u013c\u016bt RDP.<br \/>\nRedzams, ka m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumi piek\u013c\u016bt bija no 55 001 IP adres\u0113m (da\u017eas IP adreses es jau biju blo\u0137\u0113jis).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0160eit tie\u0161i n\u0101k pr\u0101t\u0101 secin\u0101jums, ka vajag uzst\u0101d\u012bt fail2ban, bet <\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Windows t\u0101da r\u012bka nav.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ir p\u0101ris pamestu projektu uz GitHub, kas, \u0161\u0137iet, to dara, bet es pat neesmu m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jis tos uzst\u0101d\u012bt:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/glasnt\/wail2ban\">https:\/\/github.com\/glasnt\/wail2ban<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EvanAnderson\/ts_block\">https:\/\/github.com\/EvanAnderson\/ts_block<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ir ar\u012b maksas util\u012btas, bet es t\u0101s neesmu apsv\u0113ris.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ja j\u016bs zin\u0101t atv\u0113rtu util\u012btu \u0161im m\u0113r\u0137im \u2014 l\u016bdzu, dalieties koment\u0101ros.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Atjaunin\u0101t<\/strong>: Koment\u0101ros man ieteica, ka ports 443 \u2014 nav lab\u0101kais izv\u0113les variants, bet lab\u0101k izv\u0113l\u0113ties augstus portus (32000+), jo 443 bie\u017e\u0101k tiek skan\u0113ts, un atpaz\u012bt RDP \u0161aj\u0101 port\u0101 \u2014 nav probl\u0113ma.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Atjaunin\u0101jums:<\/strong> Koment\u0101ros man uzrakst\u012bja, ka t\u0101da util\u012bta past\u0101v:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/digitalruby\/ipban\">https:\/\/github.com\/digitalruby\/ipban<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>b) Ir noteikti lietot\u0101jv\u0101rdi, kurus uzbruc\u0113ji dod priek\u0161roku<\/b><br \/>\nRedzams, ka notiek v\u0101rdn\u012bcas uzlau\u0161ana ar da\u017e\u0101diem v\u0101rdiem.<br \/>\nBet, ko es nov\u0113roju: iev\u0113rojama da\u013ca m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumu \u2014 ir servera nosaukuma izmanto\u0161ana k\u0101 pieteik\u0161an\u0101s v\u0101rds. Ieteikums: neizmantojiet vien\u0101du v\u0101rdu datoram un lietot\u0101jam. Turkl\u0101t da\u017ek\u0101rt izskat\u0101s, ka servera nosaukumu m\u0113\u0123ina kaut k\u0101 analiz\u0113t: piem\u0113ram, sist\u0113mai ar nosaukumu DESKTOP-DFTHD7C visvair\u0101k m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ja piek\u013c\u016bt ar nosaukumu DFTHD7C:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vai ir b\u012bstami atst\u0101t RDP atv\u0113rtu internet\u0101?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/cd13cf169b3b9ed57db9e5706c735c06.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Attiec\u012bgi, ja jums b\u016bs dators DESKTOP-MARIA, tad, iesp\u0113jams, b\u016bs m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumi piek\u013c\u016bt ar lietot\u0101ju MARIA.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V\u0113l, ko es paman\u012bju \u017eurn\u0101los: liel\u0101kaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 sist\u0113mu liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumu piesl\u0113gties ir ar v\u0101rdu \"administrator\". Un tas nav bez iemesla, jo daudz\u0101s Windows versij\u0101s \u0161is lietot\u0101js past\u0101v. Turkl\u0101t \u2014 to nav iesp\u0113jams dz\u0113st. Tas atvieglo uzbruc\u0113ju uzdevumu: viet\u0101, lai uzmin\u0113tu gan v\u0101rdu, gan paroli, ir j\u0101nokar\u0101 tikai parole.<br \/>\nStarpcitu, t\u0101 sist\u0113ma, kas man nozaga \u0161ifr\u0113t\u0101ju, bija ar lietot\u0101ju Administrator un paroli Murmansk#9. Es joproj\u0101m neesmu p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, k\u0101 \u0161\u012b sist\u0113ma tika uzlauzta, jo es s\u0101ku uzraudz\u012bt tie\u0161i p\u0113c \u0161\u012b gad\u012bjuma, bet dom\u0101ju, ka uzlau\u0161ana \u2014 ir iesp\u0113jama.<br \/>\nT\u0101tad, ja lietot\u0101ju Administrator nevar dz\u0113st, ko dar\u012bt? To var p\u0101rd\u0113v\u0113t!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ieteikumi no \u0161\u012b punkta: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>neizmantojiet lietot\u0101ja v\u0101rdu datora nosaukum\u0101<\/li>\n<li>p\u0101rliecinieties, ka sist\u0113m\u0101 nav Administratora lietot\u0101ja<\/li>\n<li>izmantojiet dro\u0161us parol\u0113s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>T\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 es nov\u0113roju, k\u0101 da\u017ei Windows Server tiek brut\u0101li uzbr\u016bko\u0161i jau k\u0101du laiku, un bez pan\u0101kumiem.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K\u0101 es zinu, ka bez pan\u0101kumiem?<br \/>\nJo iepriek\u0161 redzamajos ekr\u0101nuz\u0146\u0113mumos ir redzami veiksm\u012bgi RDP piek\u013cuves \u017eurn\u0101li, kuros ir inform\u0101cija:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>no kura IP<\/li>\n<li>no kura datora (hostname)<\/li>\n<li>lietot\u0101ja v\u0101rds<\/li>\n<li>GeoIP inform\u0101cija<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Un es tur regul\u0101ri raudz\u012bjos \u2014 anom\u0101lijas nav konstat\u0113tas.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Starpcitu, ja no k\u0101da IP tiek veikti \u012bpa\u0161i intens\u012bvi brut\u0101lie uzbrukumi, tad var aizliegt atsevi\u0161\u0137us IP (vai apak\u0161netus) PowerShell \u0161\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">New-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -DisplayName \"fail2ban\" -Name \"fail2ban\" -RemoteAddress (\"185.143.0.0\/16\", \"185.153.0.0\/16\", \"193.188.0.0\/16\") -Action Block<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Turkl\u0101t Elastic, papildus Winlogbeat v\u0113l ir <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/beats\/auditbeat\">Auditbeat<\/a><\/noindex>, kas var sekot l\u012bdzi failiem un procesiem sist\u0113m\u0101. T\u0101pat ir SIEM (Security Information &amp; Event Management) lietotne Kibana. Es izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101ju abus, bet \u012bsti ieguvumu nesaskat\u012bju \u2014 \u0161\u0137iet, ka Auditbeat b\u016bs noder\u012bg\u0101ks Linux sist\u0113m\u0101m, bet SIEM man pagaid\u0101m neko saprotamu nepar\u0101d\u012bja.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Un nosl\u0113dzo\u0161\u0101s rekomend\u0101cijas:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>veiciet regul\u0101ras autom\u0101tiskas dubl\u0113\u0161anas.<\/li>\n<li>laic\u012bgi instal\u0113jiet dro\u0161\u012bbas atjaunin\u0101jumus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Bonuss: saraksts ar 50 lietot\u0101jiem, kuri visbie\u017e\u0101k tika izmantoti RDP piek\u013cuves m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumiem<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\"user.name: Descending\"<br \/>\nSkaits<\/p>\n<p>dfthd7c (hostname)<br \/>\n842941<\/p>\n<p>winsrv1 (hostname)<br \/>\n266525<\/p>\n<p>ADMINISTRATOR<br \/>\n180678<\/p>\n<p>administrator<br \/>\n163842<\/p>\n<p>Administrator<br \/>\n53541<\/p>\n<p>michael<br \/>\n23101<\/p>\n<p>serveris<br \/>\n21983<\/p>\n<p>steve<br \/>\n21936<\/p>\n<p>john<br \/>\n21927<\/p>\n<p>paul<br \/>\n21913<\/p>\n<p>reception<br \/>\n21909<\/p>\n<p>mike<br \/>\n21899<\/p>\n<p>office<br \/>\n21888<\/p>\n<p>scanner<br \/>\n21887<\/p>\n<p>scan<br \/>\n21867<\/p>\n<p>david<br \/>\n21865<\/p>\n<p>chris<br \/>\n21860<\/p>\n<p>\u012bpa\u0161nieks<br \/>\n21855<\/p>\n<p>manager<br \/>\n21852<\/p>\n<p>administrateur<br \/>\n21841<\/p>\n<p>brian<br \/>\n21839<\/p>\n<p>administrador<br \/>\n21837<\/p>\n<p>mark<br \/>\n21824<\/p>\n<p>staff<br \/>\n21806<\/p>\n<p>ADMIN<br \/>\n12748<\/p>\n<p>ROOT<br \/>\n7772<\/p>\n<p>ADMINISTRADOR<br \/>\n7325<\/p>\n<p>SUPPORT<br \/>\n5577<\/p>\n<p>SOPORTE<br \/>\n5418<\/p>\n<p>LIETOT\u0100JS<br \/>\n4558<\/p>\n<p>admin<br \/>\n2832<\/p>\n<p>TEST<br \/>\n1928<\/p>\n<p>MySql<br \/>\n1664<\/p>\n<p>Admin<br \/>\n1652<\/p>\n<p>GUEST<br \/>\n1322<\/p>\n<p>USER1<br \/>\n1179<\/p>\n<p>SCANNER<br \/>\n1121<\/p>\n<p>SCAN<br \/>\n1032<\/p>\n<p>ADMINISTRATEUR<br \/>\n842<\/p>\n<p>ADMIN1<br \/>\n525<\/p>\n<p>BACKUP<br \/>\n518<\/p>\n<p>MySqlAdmin<br \/>\n518<\/p>\n<p>RECEPTION<br \/>\n490<\/p>\n<p>USER2<br \/>\n466<\/p>\n<p>TEMP<br \/>\n452<\/p>\n<p>SQLADMIN<br \/>\n450<\/p>\n<p>USER3<br \/>\n441<\/p>\n<p>1<br \/>\n422<\/p>\n<p>MANAGER<br \/>\n418<\/p>\n<p>OWNER<br \/>\n410<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/487056\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e. \u0410 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a RDP \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPN, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 &quot;\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445&quot; IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u042f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows Server \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c 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