{"id":42137,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/flightradar24-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:56","slug":"flightradar24-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/flightradar24-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Flightradar24 \u2014 k\u0101 tas darbojas?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dom\u0101ju, ka katrs, kur\u0161 kaut reizi ir pavad\u012bjis radiniekus vai draugus lidma\u0161\u012bn\u0101, ir izmantojis bezmaksas pakalpojumu Flightradar24. Tas ir \u013coti \u0113rts veids, k\u0101 sekot lidma\u0161\u012bnas atra\u0161an\u0101s vietai re\u0101l\u0101 laik\u0101.<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nK\u0101 par\u0101da aptaujas rezult\u0101ti, \u013coti maz cilv\u0113ku zina, ka \u0161o pakalpojumu atbalsta tikai entuziasti, kas s\u016bta datus uz serveri. Pat v\u0113l maz\u0101k zina, ka \u0161im projektam var pievienoties ikviens interesents.<\/p>\n

Aizpild\u012bsim \u0161o tr\u016bkumu. Par to, k\u0101 tas darbojas, turpin\u0101sim zem\u0101k.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Dzelzs<\/h2>\n

\nPirmais jaut\u0101jums \u2014 no kurienes n\u0101k dati. <\/p>\n

Katrs civilais lidapar\u0101ts ir apr\u012bkots ar \u012bpa\u0161u raid\u012bt\u0101ju, t\u0101 saukto ADS-B transponder<\/b>:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n(att\u0113ls no Garmin vietnes)<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0160is ier\u012bce s\u016bta frekvenc\u0113 1090 MHz \u012bpa\u0161as paketes, kas satur pamata lidojuma parametrus, lidapar\u0101ta tipu, t\u0101 koordin\u0101tes, galam\u0113r\u0137i un citus datus. <\/p>\n

Sign\u0101ls spektr\u0101 izskat\u0101s aptuveni t\u0101:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nUn, kas m\u016bsupr\u0101t ir vissvar\u012bg\u0101k, \u0161os datus nav gr\u016bti dekod\u0113t, pietiek ar RTL-SDR uztv\u0113r\u0113ju, kura cena ir ap 8 $, kas pievienota datoram. Paties\u012bb\u0101 doma jau noteikti ir skaidra \u2014 ja apkopot datus no daudziem uztv\u0113r\u0113jiem, tad ieg\u016bstam att\u0113lu, aptuveni t\u0101du:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nBet tas v\u0113l nav viss. Da\u013ca lidma\u0161\u012bnu s\u016bta datu paketes, ta\u010du taj\u0101s nav GPS koordin\u0101tu. Ja pie\u0146emat datus vienlaikus no daudziem uztv\u0113r\u0113jiem, kuru koordin\u0101tes ir zin\u0101mas, analiz\u0113jot kav\u0113\u0161an\u0101s laikus da\u017e\u0101dos uztv\u0113r\u0113jos, var uzzin\u0101t lidma\u0161\u012bnas atra\u0161an\u0101s vietu. \u0160\u0101da tehnolo\u0123ija tiek saukta par multilater\u0101ciju (MLAT), s\u012bk\u0101ku inform\u0101ciju var izlas\u012bt vietn\u0113<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Un, visbeidzot, p\u0113d\u0113jais jaut\u0101jums \u2014 k\u0101 tiek pie\u0146emti dati. Atbilde ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a \u2014 uztv\u0113r\u0113ju var izvietot ikviens interesents, cena var sv\u0101rst\u012bties no 0 l\u012bdz 50 $. Piem\u0113ram, t\u0101 izskat\u0101s Flightaware pakalpojuma uztv\u0113r\u0113ju karte:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nK\u0101 redzams, Krievijas da\u013cas p\u0101rkl\u0101jums atst\u0101j ko v\u0113l\u0113ties, t\u0101p\u0113c da\u017ei no vi\u0146iem ir diezgan iesp\u0113ja b\u016bt pirmajiem.<\/p>\n

Lai sa\u0146emtu datus, nepiecie\u0161ams:<\/p>\n

\u2014 Raspberry Pi2\/3 ar pievienotu internetu (cena no 20 $)
\n \u2014 RTL-SDR dongle (cena no 10 $)
\n \u2014 vismaz vienk\u0101r\u0161a antena no 2 metaliz\u0113t\u0101m vadiem, kuru garums ir 6.8 cm katram (1\/4 dipols uz 1090 MHz)<\/p>\n

Ar\u012b v\u0113lams, lai b\u016btu vieta ar diezgan atkl\u0101tu skatu vismaz uz da\u013cu debes\u012bm, jo gigahercu frekvences sign\u0101li tiek absorb\u0113ti ar \u0161\u0137\u0113rsli, piem\u0113ram, m\u0101j\u0101m vai kokiem.<\/p>\n

Man ir Raspberry Pi un RTL-SDR, t\u0101p\u0113c man nebija nepiecie\u0161ams neko pirkt. Ta\u010du ikviens var izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101t sa\u0146emt gatavu uztv\u0113r\u0113ju bez maksas \u2014 gan Flightradar, gan Flightaware izs\u016bta komplektus bez maksas lietot\u0101jiem no re\u0123ioniem, kur p\u0101rkl\u0101jums pa\u0161laik ir nepietiekams. Piepras\u012bjumu var nos\u016bt\u012bt caur saiti (Flightradar<\/a><\/noindex> vai Flightaware<\/a><\/noindex>), protams, izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101t ir lietder\u012bgi tiem, kas dz\u012bvo pietiekami att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101s viet\u0101s.<\/p>\n

Es izmantoju RTL-SDR V3 komplektu, kas kop\u0101 ar antenu un mini stat\u012bvu maks\u0101ja 27$ ar bezmaksas pieg\u0101di no \u0136\u012bnas:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nStarp citu, k\u0101 otrais bonuss, visiem, kas s\u016bta datus uz serveri, gan Flightradar24, gan Flightaware nodro\u0161ina neierobe\u017eotu piek\u013cuvi premium kontam<\/b> un vis\u0101m servera funkcij\u0101m (atsevi\u0161\u0137i \u0161\u0101da piek\u013cuve maks\u0101 apm\u0113ram 50$\/m\u0113nes\u012b). T\u0101tad, ja k\u0101ds interes\u0113jas par avi\u0101ciju un v\u0113las izmantot papla\u0161in\u0101tu piek\u013cuvi \u0161\u0101dam kontam, RTLSDR uztv\u0113r\u0113ja uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana ir diezgan l\u0113ta alternat\u012bva. <\/p>\n

Test\u0113\u0161ana<\/h2>\n

\nUzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana ir \u013coti vienk\u0101r\u0161a, uz Raspberry Pi pietiek tikai piesl\u0113gt uztv\u0113r\u0113ju un izpild\u012bt vienu komandu:<\/p>\n

sudo bash -c \"$(wget -O - http:\/\/repo.feed.flightradar24.com\/install_fr24_rpi.sh)\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSkripts piepras\u012bs nepiecie\u0161amos datus (koordin\u0101tas un uztv\u0113r\u0113ja veids, elektronisk\u0101 pasta adrese), p\u0113c tam programmat\u016bra darbosies autom\u0101tiski, lietot\u0101jam vairs nav j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bba. Paral\u0113li var aktiviz\u0113t premium kontu (FR24 saitei https:\/\/www.flightradar24.com\/premium\/signup?account=free<\/a><\/noindex>) un nekav\u0113joties izmantot visas t\u0101 iesp\u0113jas (lidojumu izseko\u0161ana u.c.).<\/p>\n
Varat ieiet Raspberry Pi IP adreses lap\u0101 un redz\u0113t pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo statusu:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\nUz Flightradar24 konta lapas var redz\u0113t daudz vair\u0101k inform\u0101cijas:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\n
\nEs dz\u012bvoju 6. st\u0101v\u0101 sal\u012bdzino\u0161i tuvu lidostai, t\u0101p\u0113c nov\u0113roto lidma\u0161\u012bnu skaits dien\u0101 p\u0101rsniedza 1000, pat ar parasto antenu uz palodzes. Interesanti, ka pat ar \u0161\u0101du antenu maksim\u0101l\u0101 att\u0101lums l\u012bdz pie\u0146emtai lidma\u0161\u012bnai bija 215 j\u016bdzes. Da\u017e\u0101das antenu variantus var atrast eBay, mekl\u0113jot ads-b antenna.<\/p>\n
Alternat\u012bva<\/h2>\n
\nBonuss tiem, kas paciet\u012bgi izlas\u012bja l\u012bdz \u0161ejienei. Da\u017eiem las\u012bt\u0101jiem var rasties jaut\u0101jums: vai ir iesp\u0113jams iztikt bez tre\u0161o pu\u0161u servisiem, piem\u0113ram, Flightradar? Protams, var, uzs\u0101kt dekoderu uz Raspberry Pi var ar\u012b tie\u0161i. Avots var lejupiel\u0101d\u0113t \u0161eit github.com\/antirez\/dump1090<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Pietiek uz Raspberry Pi ierakst\u012bt 3 komandas:<\/p>\n
git clone https:\/\/github.com\/antirez\/dump1090.git\ncd dump1090\/\nmake<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTad var dekoderu palaist ar komandu:<\/p>\n
.\\\/dump1090 --interactive --net<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDekoders s\u0101k darbu, un m\u0113s redzam 'neapstr\u0101d\u0101tos datus' \u2014 redzamo 'gaisa ku\u0123u' sarakstu:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\n
\nTagad varam ieiet p\u0101rl\u016bk\u0101 Raspberry Pi un apbr\u012bnot savu, lok\u0101lo Flightradar. Att\u0113ls var izskat\u012bties aptuveni t\u0101:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\n
\nK\u0101p\u0113c tas var\u0113tu b\u016bt noder\u012bgi? Pirmk\u0101rt, vienk\u0101r\u0161i no zi\u0146k\u0101r\u012bbas, otrk\u0101rt, Flightradar24, diem\u017e\u0113l, filtr\u0113 da\u013cu datu un r\u0101da ne visus<\/i> gaisa ku\u0123us (piem\u0113ram, var nepar\u0101d\u012bties milit\u0101rie, vald\u012bbas vai biznesa priv\u0101tpaku gaisa ku\u0123i). Palai\u017eot savu lok\u0101lo pakalpojumu, m\u0113s redzam visu 'k\u0101 ir', bez jebk\u0101das cenz\u016bras. Ta\u010du, protams, datu apjoms ir ierobe\u017eots ar m\u016bsu lok\u0101ciju un antenas kvalit\u0101ti, k\u0101 ar\u012b neb\u016bs pieejama MLAT tehnolo\u0123ija. Dump1090 ir pieejams avota kod\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ji var pat izveidot savu Flightradar versiju ar meln\u0101ko un citiem s\u012bkumiem.<\/p>\n
Secin\u0101jumi<\/h2>\n
\nK\u0101 var redz\u0113t, viss nav tik sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti, turkl\u0101t diezgan interesanti un l\u0113ti. Lai izprastu cenas: pirms 10 gadiem Airnav RadarBox uztv\u0113r\u0113js maks\u0101ja ap 1000 $, tagad RTL-SDR, kas dara to pa\u0161u, var nopirkt par 10 $.<\/p>\n
Man\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 uztv\u0113r\u0113js tika palaists tikai test\u0113\u0161anai, praktiska j\u0113ga tur\u0113t to past\u0101v\u012bgi iesl\u0113gtu nav, Eiropas da\u013cas bl\u012bvums jau t\u0101pat sasniedz 100%. Pret\u0113ji tam, tas var b\u016bt diezgan interesanti dz\u012bvot\u0101jiem Krievijas laukos \u2014 rodas iesp\u0113ja gan paveikt noder\u012bgu lietu aviop\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101jiem vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113, papla\u0161inot pok\u8986\u76d6, gan ieg\u016bt piek\u013cuvi Premium kontam iepriek\u0161min\u0113taj\u0101s vietn\u0113s.<\/p>\n
Visiem veiksm\u012bgus eksperimentus.<\/p>\n
Avots: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c Flightradar24. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0445, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439. 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