{"id":42216,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kontseptsii-programmirovaniya-v-scratch"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:45:03","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:45:03","slug":"kontseptsii-programmirovaniya-v-scratch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/kontseptsii-programmirovaniya-v-scratch","title":{"rendered":"Programm\u0113\u0161anas koncepcijas Scratch","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Programm\u0113\u0161anas<\/p>\n

Daudziem paz\u012bstams Scratch \u2013 b\u0113rnu programm\u0113\u0161anas vide, kur\u0101 apm\u0101c\u012bba parasti k\u013c\u016bst par rado\u0161u projektu veido\u0161anu, balstoties uz principu \u00abno vienk\u0101r\u0161a uz sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu\u00bb. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 \u00abklasisk\u0101 pieeja\u00bb programm\u0113\u0161anas apguvei (main\u012bgie \u2192 \u0161\u0137el\u0161an\u0101s \u2192 cikli \u2192 funkcijas \u2192 strukt\u016bras \u2192 objekti \u2192 \u2026) Scratch vid\u0113 ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta.<\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r j\u0113dzienu (nosauk\u012bsim tos par koncepcij\u0101m) strukt\u016brat\u012bv\u0101s, objektu- un notikumu-orient\u0113t\u0101s programm\u0113\u0161anas apguves sec\u012bbas mai\u0146a, to nosl\u0113p\u0161ana aiz spo\u017eiem sprite un interakt\u012bvas anim\u0101cijas, nenoz\u012bm\u0113, ka uz koncepcij\u0101m nevajadz\u0113tu koncentr\u0113ties. It \u012bpa\u0161i, ja m\u0113r\u0137is ir ne tikai rado\u0161o sp\u0113ju att\u012bst\u012bba, bet ar\u012b programm\u0113\u0161anas apguve. <\/a><\/noindex>\u0160o ideju es centos atspogu\u013cot sav\u0101 kurs\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Pirmais, ar ko sastopas ies\u0101c\u0113js skratchers, ir sprite. Lai gan Scratch k\u0101 t\u0101ds objektu-orient\u0113t\u0101s programm\u0113\u0161anas nav, sprite var uzskat\u012bt par objektiem. \u0160aj\u0101 posm\u0101 m\u0101c\u012bbu process redz, ka programm\u0101 var b\u016bt daudz objektu, kuru uzved\u012bbu kontrol\u0113 \u0101r\u0113ji skripti. Sprite sa\u0146em komandas vai p\u0113c piepras\u012bjuma nodod inform\u0101ciju par savu st\u0101vokli, proti, programm\u0113\u0161ana ir saist\u012bta ar objektu vad\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Otrais, kas Scratch uzreiz tiek ielikts jaun\u0101 programm\u0113t\u0101ja pr\u0101t\u0101, ir multivad\u012bbas j\u0113dziens. Katram sprite var b\u016bt vair\u0101ki skripti, kas tiek izpild\u012bti vienlaikus. Daudzi sprite ar\u012b var izpild\u012bt savas programmas vienlaikus viens ar otru. Tom\u0113r ir gr\u016bt\u0101k organiz\u0113t sec\u012bgu izpildi.<\/p>\n

\"Programm\u0113\u0161anas<\/p>\n

\"Programm\u0113\u0161anas<\/p>\n

Jau pirmaj\u0101 nodarb\u012bb\u0101 m\u0113s nevaram izvair\u012bties no iepaz\u012b\u0161an\u0101s ar cikliem. Cit\u0101di ka\u0137is \u012bpa\u0161i neprat\u012bs skriet. \u0160aj\u0101 posm\u0101 iepaz\u012b\u0161an\u0101s n\u0101kas atst\u0101t intuit\u012bvu un virspus\u0113ju. M\u0113s ierobe\u017eojam to ar cikliem \u00abatk\u0101rtot vienm\u0113r\u00bb un \u00abatk\u0101rtot \u2026 reizes\u00bb, kas ir viegl\u0101k saprotami. Cikls ar nosac\u012bjumu tiek apg\u016bts m\u0101c\u012bbu stund\u0101, kas \u012bpa\u0161i velt\u012bta cikliem. \u0160\u012b stunda pieprasa zin\u0101\u0161anas par lo\u0123isk\u0101m izteiksm\u0113m un main\u012bgajiem.<\/p>\n

T\u0101 k\u0101 Scratch ir notikumu-orient\u0113ta vide, nosac\u012bjuma bloku ir \u0113rt\u0101k apg\u016bt pirms main\u012bgajiem. Nosac\u012bjums var b\u016bt da\u017e\u0101di notikumi.<\/p>\n

\"Programm\u0113\u0161anas<\/p>\n

Manupr\u0101t, \u0161\u0101da sec\u012bba ir lab\u0101ka, jo katr\u0101 m\u0101c\u012bbu stund\u0101 m\u0113s iepaz\u012bstin\u0101m ar minim\u0101lu j\u0113dzienu skaitu. Turkl\u0101t tie nav abstrakti, bet uzreiz redzam to praktisko lietder\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Ja s\u0101kum\u0101 m\u0101c\u0101mies main\u012bgos, tad to noz\u012bmi un lietder\u012bbu ir gr\u016bti demonstr\u0113t, jo l\u012bdz tam nav apg\u016bts nosac\u012bjumu operators, datu ievade un nejau\u0161u skait\u013cu \u0123ener\u0113\u0161ana. <\/p>\n

Scratch valod\u0101, ne\u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 sarakstus, programm\u0113t\u0101js sastop tr\u012bs datu tipus: skait\u013cus, virknes un lo\u0123iskos tipus. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 tips ir saist\u012bts ar v\u0113rt\u012bbu, nevis main\u012bgo. Nav nepiecie\u0161ams p\u0101rv\u0113rst virknes par skait\u013ciem un otr\u0101di. Virknes nav j\u0101iek\u013cauj p\u0113di\u0146\u0101s.<\/p>\n

Bloks, kas atgrie\u017e lo\u0123isku v\u0113rt\u012bbu un tam ir rakstur\u012bg\u0101 st\u016bra forma, var tikt ievietots apa\u013cajos laukos. Pret\u0113jais nav paties\u012bba: tur, kur paredz\u0113ts lo\u0123iskais izteiciens, nevar ievietot parasto main\u012bgo.<\/p>\n

\"Programm\u0113\u0161anas<\/p>\n

Scratch ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ts t\u0101, lai izpildes laik\u0101 nerastos kritiskas k\u013c\u016bdas. Iesp\u0113jams, t\u0101p\u0113c, ja m\u0113\u0123ina izmantot virkni aritm\u0113tisk\u0101 oper\u0101cij\u0101, t\u0101 tiek aizvietota ar nulli (skat. pirmo ekr\u0101n\u0161\u0101vi\u0146u).<\/p>\n

Programm\u0113t\u0101jam j\u0101zina, ka programmu valodu iesp\u0113jas papla\u0161ina bibliot\u0113kas. Str\u0101d\u0101jot Scratch vid\u0113, skol\u0113ns var piesl\u0113gt papla\u0161in\u0101jumus, kas l\u012bdz ar to ievie\u0161 jaunus komandas vid\u0113.<\/p>\n

\"Programm\u0113\u0161anas<\/p>\n

Funkcijas Scratch vid\u0113 ir realiz\u0113tas sada\u013c\u0101 \u00abCiti bloki\u00bb, kur, no vienas puses, j\u016bs izveidojat savu bloku, kuru var ievietot citos skriptos. No otras puses, jums ir j\u0101sav\u0101c \u0161\u012b bloka funkcionalit\u0101te, tas ir, ko tas dar\u012bs.<\/p>\n

\"Programm\u0113\u0161anas<\/p>\n

Skratch funkcij\u0101s nav atgrie\u0161anas v\u0113rt\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di programm\u0113\u0161anas konceptu apguve notikumu orient\u0113t\u0101 vid\u0113 atst\u0101j savu p\u0113das nospiedumu. Paties\u012bb\u0101 m\u0113s vispirms apg\u016bstam sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101kus un abstrakt\u0101kus j\u0113dzienus, un tikai iedzi\u013cinoties proces\u0101, p\u0101rejam uz struktur\u0101l\u0101s programm\u0113\u0161anas elementiem. Vai tas ir plus vai m\u012bnus pirmo iepaz\u012b\u0161anos \u2013 ir str\u012bd\u012bgs jaut\u0101jums.<\/p>\n

Avots: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c Scratch \u2013 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u00ab\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443\u00bb. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u00bb \u043a \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u2192 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2192 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b \u2192 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2192 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u2192 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u2192 \u2026) \u0432 Scratch \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 (\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438) \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e- […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Programm\u0113\u0161anas koncepts Scratch | ProHoster","description":"Daudziem paz\u012bstams Scratch \u2013 b\u0113rnu 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