{"id":53574,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:29","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:29","slug":"scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost","title":{"rendered":"SCADA uz Raspberry: m\u012bts vai realit\u0101te?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
\nZiemas t\u0113ma tuvojas. Programm\u0113jamo lo\u0123isko kontrolieru (PLK) viet\u0101 pak\u0101peniski ien\u0101k ieb\u016bv\u0113tie person\u0101lie datori. Tas saist\u012bts ar to, ka datora jauda \u013cauj vienai ier\u012bcei apvienot programm\u0113jamo kontrolieri, serveri un (ja ier\u012bcei ir HDMI izvada) ar\u012b automatiz\u0113tu operatora darbavietu. T\u0101tad: Web-serveris, OPC da\u013ca, datu b\u0101ze un APM vien\u0101 korpus\u0101, un viss tas par vienas PLK cenu. <\/p>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 tiks apsv\u0113rta iesp\u0113ja izmantot \u0161\u0101dus ieb\u016bv\u0113tus datorus r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101. M\u0113s \u0146emsim par pamatu ier\u012bci, kas balst\u012bta uz Raspberry Pi, soli pa solim izkl\u0101sim procesu, k\u0101 uzst\u0101d\u012bt uz t\u0101s atv\u0113rt\u0101s bezmaksas Open Source SCADA sist\u0113mu krievu izstr\u0101des \u2014 Rapid SCADA, k\u0101 ar\u012b izstr\u0101d\u0101sim taj\u0101 projekta abstrakt\u0101 kompresoru stacija, kuras uzdevumos b\u016bs iek\u013cauta att\u0101lin\u0101ta kompresora un tr\u012bs v\u0101rstu kontrole, k\u0101 ar\u012b tehnolo\u0123isk\u0101 procesa vizualiz\u0101cija kompres\u0113t\u0101 gaisa ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nUzreiz nor\u0101d\u0101m, ka uzdevumu var risin\u0101t divos veidos. Princip\u0101 tie at\u0161\u0137iras tikai ar est\u0113tisk\u0101m un praktisk\u0101m nians\u0113m. T\u0101tad, mums nepiecie\u0161ams:<\/p>\n

1.1 Pirmais variants noz\u012bm\u0113 pa\u0161a Raspberry Pi 2\/3\/4 kl\u0101tb\u016btni, k\u0101 ar\u012b RS485 USB p\u0101rveidot\u0101ju (t\u0101 saucamo \u00abp\u012bkstuli\u00bb, kuru var pas\u016bt\u012bt no Alliexpress).<\/p>\n

\"SCADA
\nAtt\u0113ls 1 \u2014 Raspberry Pi 2 un RS485 USB p\u0101rveidot\u0101js<\/i><\/p>\n

1.2 Otrais variants ietver jebkuru gatavu risin\u0101jumu, kas balst\u012bts uz Raspberry un ieteikts uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anai r\u016bpnieciskos apst\u0101k\u013cos ar ieb\u016bv\u0113tiem RS485 portiem. Piem\u0113ram, t\u0101ds, k\u0101 att\u0113l\u0101 2, balstoties uz moduli Raspberry CM3+.
\n\"SCADA
\nAtt\u0113ls 2 \u2014 AntexGate ier\u012bce<\/i><\/p>\n

2. Ier\u012bce ar Modbus uz vair\u0101kiem vad\u012bbas re\u0123istriem;<\/p>\n

3. Windows dators projekta konfigur\u0113\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

\nIzstr\u0101des posmi:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Da\u013ca I. Rapid SCADA uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana uz Raspberry;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  2. Da\u013ca II. Rapid SCADA uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana uz Windows;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  3. Da\u013ca III. Projekta izstr\u0101de un t\u0101 aug\u0161upiel\u0101de ier\u012bc\u0113; <\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  4. Secin\u0101jumi.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    Da\u013ca I. Rapid SCADA uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana uz Raspberry<\/h2>\n

    1. Aizpild\u0101m veidlapu<\/a><\/noindex> Rapid Scada m\u0101jaslap\u0101, lai sa\u0146emtu instal\u0101cijas failu un lejupiel\u0101d\u0113tu jaun\u0101ko versiju Linux.<\/p>\n

    2. Izausim lejupiel\u0101d\u0113t\u0101s failus un kop\u0113sim mapi \"scada\" uz \/opt<\/i> ier\u012bces direktoriju. <\/p>\n

    3. Novietojam tr\u012bs skriptus no mapes \"daemons\" direktorij\u0101 \/etc\/init.d<\/i><\/p>\n

    4. Pie\u0161\u0137iram piln\u012bgas ties\u012bbas trim lietojumprogrammas map\u0113m:<\/p>\n

    sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/config\nsudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/log\nsudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/storage<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28005. Padar\u0101m skriptus izpild\u0101mus:<\/p>\n
    sudo chmod +x \/opt\/scada\/make_executable.sh\nsudo \/opt\/scada\/make_executable.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28006. Pievienojam repozitoriju:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates\nsudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp:\/\/keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF\necho \"deb https:\/\/download.mono-project.com\/repo\/debian stable-stretch main\" | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/mono-official-stable.list\nsudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28007. Instal\u0113jam Mono .NET Framework:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install mono-complete<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28008. Instal\u0113jam Apache HTTP serveri:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28009. Instal\u0113jam papildus modu\u013cus:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server4<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280010. Izveidojam saiti uz t\u012bmek\u013ca lietojumprogrammu:<\/p>\n
    sudo ln -s \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb \/var\/www\/html\/scada<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280011. No lejupiel\u0101d\u0113t\u0101 arh\u012bva map\u0113 \u00abapache\u00bb kop\u0113jam failu scada.conf<\/i> uz direktoriju. \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available<\/i><\/p>\n
    sudo a2ensite scada.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280012. Iet uz \u0161o ce\u013cu sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/apache2.conf<\/i> un pievienojam sekojo\u0161o faila beig\u0101s:<\/p>\n
    Require all denied<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280013. Izpild\u0101m skriptu:<\/p>\n
    sudo \/opt\/scada\/svc_install.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280014. P\u0101rstart\u0113jam Raspberry:<\/p>\n
    sudo reboot<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280015. Atveram t\u012bmek\u013ca vietni:<\/p>\n
    http:\/\/IP-adrese ier\u012bcei\/scada<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280016. Atv\u0113rtaj\u0101 log\u0101 ievad\u0101m pieteik\u0161an\u0101s v\u0101rdu \u00abadmin\u00bb<\/i> un paroli \u00ab12345\u00bb<\/i>.<\/p>\n
    <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    Otr\u0101 da\u013ca. Rapid SCADA instal\u0113\u0161ana Windows<\/h2>\n
    \nRapid SCADA instal\u0101cija Windows b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ama, lai konfigur\u0113tu Raspberry un projekta iestat\u012bjumus. Teor\u0113tiski to var dar\u012bt ar\u012b uz pa\u0161a Raspberry, ta\u010du tehniskaj\u0101 atbalst\u0101 ieteica izmantot Windows izstr\u0101des vidi, jo \u0161eit t\u0101 darbojas pareiz\u0101k nek\u0101 uz Linux.<\/p>\n
    T\u0101tad, s\u0101ksim:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. Atjaunojam Microsoft .NET Framework l\u012bdz jaun\u0101kajai versijai;<\/li>\n
    2. Lejupiel\u0101d\u0113jam distrib\u016bcija<\/a><\/noindex> Rapid SCADA Windows, un instal\u0113jam to offline;<\/li>\n
    3. S\u0101kam lietotni \u00abAdministrators\u00bb. Taj\u0101 m\u0113s izstr\u0101d\u0101sim pa\u0161u projektu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \nIzstr\u0101des proces\u0101 j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bba da\u017e\u0101m nians\u0113m:<\/p>\n
      1. Re\u0123istru numur\u0113\u0161ana \u0161aj\u0101 SCADA sist\u0113m\u0101 s\u0101kas no 1 adreses, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c mums n\u0101c\u0101s palielin\u0101t savu re\u0123istru numur\u0113\u0161anu par vienu. M\u016bsu gad\u012bjum\u0101 tas ir: 512+1 un t\u0101 t\u0101l\u0101k:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nAtt\u0113ls 3 \u2014 Re\u0123istru numur\u0113\u0161ana Rapid SCADA (att\u0113ls ir klik\u0161\u0137in\u0101ms)<\/i><\/p>\n
      2. Lai p\u0101rkonfigur\u0113tu direktorijas un pareizi izveidotu projektu uz Linux oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mas, iestat\u012bjumos j\u0101iepaz\u012bstas ar \u00abServer\u00bb -> \u00abVisp\u0101r\u0113jie iestat\u012bjumi\u00bb un j\u0101nospie\u017e pogu \u00abLinux\u00bb:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nAtt\u0113ls 4 \u2014 Direktoru p\u0101rkonfigur\u0101cija Rapid SCADA (att\u0113ls ir klik\u0161\u0137in\u0101ms)<\/i><\/p>\n
      3. Nosak\u0101m aptaujas portu Modbus RTU t\u0101, k\u0101 tas tiek noteikts ier\u012bces Linux sist\u0113m\u0101. M\u016bsu gad\u012bjum\u0101 tas ir \/dev\/ttyUSB0<\/i><\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nAtt\u0113ls 5 \u2014 Direktoru p\u0101rkonfigur\u0101cija Rapid SCADA (att\u0113ls ir noklik\u0161\u0137in\u0101ms)<\/i><\/p>\n
      Ja rodas k\u0101di jaut\u0101jumi, visu papildu uzst\u0101d\u012bjumu instrukcijas var ieg\u016bt uz uz\u0146\u0113muma<\/a><\/noindex> vai vi\u0146u youtube kan\u0101l\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
      <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
      3. da\u013ca. Projekta izstr\u0101de un t\u0101 aug\u0161upiel\u0101de ier\u012bc\u0113<\/h2>\n
      \nProjekta izstr\u0101de un vizualiz\u0101cija notiek tie\u0161i p\u0101rl\u016bk\u0101. Tas nav tik ierasti p\u0113c darbvirsmas SCADA sist\u0113m\u0101m, ta\u010du tam ir vieta. <\/p>\n
      V\u0113rts atz\u012bm\u0113t ierobe\u017eoto vizualiz\u0101cijas elementu kopumu (att\u0113ls 6). Ieb\u016bv\u0113tie komponenti ietver diode, pogu, sl\u0113dzi, saiti un r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju. Tom\u0113r liela priek\u0161roc\u012bba ir t\u0101, ka \u0161\u012b SCADA sist\u0113ma atbalsta dinamiskos att\u0113lus un tekstu. Ar minim\u0101l\u0101m grafisko redi\u0123\u0113\u0161anas prasm\u0113m (Corel, Adobe Photoshop utt.) ir iesp\u0113jams izveidot savas att\u0113lu, elementu un tekst\u016bru bibliot\u0113kas, un GIF elementu atbalsts \u013caus pievienot anim\u0101ciju tehnolo\u0123isk\u0101 procesa vizualiz\u0101cijai. <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA
      \nAtt\u0113ls 6 \u2014 Sh\u0113mu redaktora r\u012bki Rapid SCADA<\/i><\/p>\n
      \u0160\u012b raksta ietvaros nebija m\u0113r\u0137a s\u012bk\u0101k aprakst\u012bt grafisk\u0101 projekta veido\u0161anas procesu Rapid SCADA. T\u0101p\u0113c s\u012bk\u0101k par \u0161o punktu neiedzi\u013cin\u0101simies. Izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ja vid\u0113 m\u016bsu vienk\u0101r\u0161ais projekts \"Saspiest\u0101 gaisa padeves sist\u0113mas\" kompresoru stacij\u0101 izskat\u0101s \u0161\u0101di (att\u0113ls 7): <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nAtt\u0113ls 7 \u2014 Sh\u0113mu redaktors Rapid SCADA (att\u0113ls ir noklik\u0161\u0137in\u0101ms)<\/i><\/p>\n
      T\u0101l\u0101k aug\u0161upiel\u0101d\u0113jam m\u016bsu projektu ier\u012bc\u0113. Tam nor\u0101d\u0101m ier\u012bces IP adresi, lai projektu nos\u016bt\u012btu ne uz localhost, bet uz m\u016bsu ieb\u016bv\u0113to datoru:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nAtt\u0113ls 8 \u2014 Projekta aug\u0161upiel\u0101de ier\u012bc\u0113 Rapid SCADA (att\u0113ls ir noklik\u0161\u0137in\u0101ms)<\/i><\/p>\n
      Rezult\u0101t\u0101 mums izdev\u0101s rad\u012bt ko l\u012bdz\u012bgu (att\u0113ls 9). Ekrana kreisaj\u0101 pus\u0113 ir diodes, kas atspogu\u013co visu sist\u0113mas (kompresora) darb\u012bbas statusu, k\u0101 ar\u012b v\u0101rstu statusu (vai tie ir atv\u0113rti vai sl\u0113gti), bet ekr\u0101na centr\u0101laj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 ir tehnolo\u0123isk\u0101 procesa vizualiz\u0101cija ar iesp\u0113j\u0101m kontrol\u0113t ier\u012bces, izmantojot sl\u0113d\u017eus. Atverot attiec\u012bgo v\u0101rstu, t\u0101 kr\u0101sa main\u0101s no pel\u0113kas uz za\u013cu, t\u0101pat k\u0101 attiec\u012bg\u0101s caurules. <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nAtt\u0113ls 9 \u2014 Kompresoru stacijas projekts (GIF anim\u0101cija ir noklik\u0161\u0137in\u0101ma)<\/i><\/p>\n
      \u0160eit<\/a><\/noindex> j\u016bs varat lejupiel\u0101d\u0113t \u0161\u012b projekta failu iepaz\u012b\u0161an\u0101s nol\u016bkiem. <\/p>\n
      Att\u0113l\u0101 10 ir par\u0101d\u012bts, k\u0101 kopum\u0101 izskat\u0101s tas, ko m\u0113s esam izstr\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i.<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA
      \nAtt\u0113ls 10 \u2014 SCADA sist\u0113ma uz Raspberry<\/i>
      \n      <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
      Secin\u0101jumi<\/h2>\n
      \nJauno jaud\u012bgo ieb\u016bv\u0113to industri\u0101lo datoru par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s \u013cauj papla\u0161in\u0101t un papildin\u0101t programm\u0101to lo\u0123isko kontrolleru funkcionalit\u0101ti. \u0160\u0101das SCADA sist\u0113mas uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana var apmierin\u0101t nelielas ra\u017eo\u0161anas vai tehnolo\u0123isk\u0101 procesa uzdevumus. Liel\u0101kiem uzdevumiem ar liel\u0101ku lietot\u0101ju skaitu vai paaugstin\u0101t\u0101m dro\u0161\u012bbas pras\u012bb\u0101m, visticam\u0101k, b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ams uzst\u0101d\u012bt pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgus serverus, automatiz\u0101cijas skapjus un ierast\u0101s PLC. Tom\u0113r vid\u0113jas un mazas automatiz\u0101cijas punktiem, piem\u0113ram, nelieliem ra\u017eo\u0161anas objektiem, katlu m\u0101j\u0101m, s\u016bk\u0146u stacij\u0101m vai gudraj\u0101m m\u0101j\u0101m \u2014 t\u0101ds risin\u0101jums \u0161\u0137iet sapr\u0101t\u012bgs. M\u016bsu apr\u0113\u0137ini liecina, ka \u0161\u0101di ier\u012bces b\u016bs piem\u0113rotas uzdevumiem l\u012bdz 500 ieejas-izejas datu punktiem.<\/p>\n
      Ja jums ir pieredze z\u012bm\u0113\u0161an\u0101 da\u017e\u0101dos grafiskajos redaktoros un j\u016bs nesatrauc, ka jums pa\u0161iem b\u016bs j\u0101izveido mnemoshemu elementi, tad iesp\u0113ja izmantot Rapid SCADA uz Raspberry ir \u013coti optim\u0101la. T\u0101s funkcionalit\u0101te k\u0101 gatav\u0101 risin\u0101juma ir nedaudz ierobe\u017eota, jo t\u0101 ir Open Source, tom\u0113r t\u0101 \u013cauj atrisin\u0101t nelielas ra\u017eo\u0161anas \u0113kas uzdevumus. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c, ja sagatavosiet vizualiz\u0101cijas veidnes, \u0161\u0101du risin\u0101jumu var\u0113s izmantot integr\u0101cijai, ja ne visiem, tad k\u0101dai da\u013cai saviem projektiem. <\/p>\n
      T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di, lai saprastu, cik noder\u012bgs jums var b\u016bt \u0161\u0101ds risin\u0101jums uz Raspberry un cik aizvietojami ir j\u016bsu projekti ar Open Source SCADA sist\u0113m\u0101m uz Linux, rodas piln\u012bgi sapr\u0101t\u012bgs jaut\u0101jums: kuras SCADA sist\u0113mas j\u016bs visbie\u017e\u0101k izmantojat?<\/p>\n
      Tikai re\u0123istr\u0113tie lietot\u0101ji var piedal\u012bties aptauj\u0101. Pieteikties<\/a><\/noindex>, l\u016bdzu.<\/p>\n
      Kur\u0101m SCADA sist\u0113m\u0101m j\u016bs visbie\u017e\u0101k izmantojat?<\/h2>\n