{"id":53854,"date":"2019-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:47","slug":"vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya","title":{"rendered":"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/37fa13397c0b8ea7af2be17b51c7ed83.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/475304\/\">es piemin\u0113ju, ka var ieg\u016bt labumu no nodok\u013ciem, p\u0101rv\u0101coties uz ciemu. Internet\u0101 ir<\/a><\/noindex> Cikl\u0101 \u00abIevads SSD\u00bb m\u0113s past\u0101st\u012bj\u0101m par disku ra\u0161an\u0101s v\u0113sturi. Otr\u0101 da\u013ca st\u0101st\u012bs par saskarn\u0113m, kas mijiedarbojas ar uzglab\u0101\u0161anas ier\u012bc\u0113m.<\/p>\n<p>Sazi\u0146a starp procesoru un perif\u0113risk\u0101m ier\u012bc\u0113m notiek saska\u0146\u0101 ar iepriek\u0161 noteiktiem noteikumiem, ko sauc par saskarn\u0113m. \u0160ie noteikumi reglament\u0113 fizisko un programmat\u016bras l\u012bmeni mijiedarb\u012bb\u0101.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Saskarne ir kopums l\u012bdzek\u013cu, meto\u017eu un noteikumu mijiedarb\u012bbai starp sist\u0113mas elementiem.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nFizisk\u0101 saskarnes realiz\u0101cija ietekm\u0113 \u0161\u0101dus parametrus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kan\u0101la p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas jaudu;<\/li>\n<li>maksim\u0101lo vienlaikus piesl\u0113gto ier\u012b\u010du skaitu;<\/li>\n<li>k\u013c\u016bdu skaitu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDisku saskarnes balst\u0101s uz <b>ievades-izvades portiem<\/b>, kas ir pretstat\u0101 ievadei-izvadei caur atmi\u0146u un ne\u0146em vietu procesora adreses telp\u0101.<\/p>\n<h2>Paral\u0113lie un sec\u012blie porti<\/h2>\n<p>\nSaska\u0146\u0101 ar datu apmai\u0146as veidu ievades-izvades porti tiek iedal\u012bti divos tipos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>paral\u0113lie;<\/li>\n<li>sec\u012blie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nK\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bts nosaukum\u0101, paral\u0113lais ports nos\u016bta vienlaic\u012bgi ma\u0161\u012bnas v\u0101rdu, kas sast\u0101v no vair\u0101kiem biti. Paral\u0113lais ports ir vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101kais datu apmai\u0146as veids, jo tam nav nepiecie\u0161amas sare\u017e\u0123\u012btas sh\u0113mas. Visvienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101kaj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 katrs ma\u0161\u012bnas v\u0101rda bits tiek nos\u016bt\u012bts pa savu sign\u0101la l\u012bniju, un atgriezenisk\u0101s saites nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai tiek izmantotas divas pal\u012bgsign\u0101la l\u012bnijas: <b>Dati gatavi<\/b> un <b>Dati pie\u0146emti<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cabledepot.com\/05DTSERPAR.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/7521e01508ceb9a7ab6c346fd55edb0e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nParal\u0113lie porti no pirm\u0101 skatpunkta lieliski skaidrojas: vair\u0101k sign\u0101la l\u012bniju \u2014 vair\u0101k biti tiek nos\u016bt\u012bti vienlaic\u012bgi, un, l\u012bdz ar to, augst\u0101ka p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas jauda. Tom\u0113r, palielinoties sign\u0101la l\u012bniju skaitam, starp t\u0101m rodas interferen\u0101cijas mijiedarb\u012bba, izraisot nos\u016bt\u012bt\u0101 sign\u0101la izkrop\u013co\u0161anu.<\/p>\n<p>Sec\u012blie porti ir paral\u0113lo pretstati. Datu nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161ana notiek pa vienam bitam reiz\u0113, kas samazina kop\u0113jo sign\u0101la l\u012bniju skaitu, bet sare\u017e\u0123o ievades-izvades kontrolieri. Nos\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja kontrolieris sa\u0146em ma\u0161\u012bnas v\u0101rdu reiz\u0113 un tam j\u0101nos\u016bta pa vienam bitam, savuk\u0101rt sa\u0146emt\u0101ja kontrolierim j\u0101sa\u0146em biti un j\u0101saglab\u0101 tie taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 sec\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cabledepot.com\/05DTSERPAR.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/1a264c6efc7d854fbf4513aec347f954.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nMazais sign\u0101la l\u012bniju skaits \u013cauj palielin\u0101t zi\u0146ojuma nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas frekvenci bez trauc\u0113jumiem.<\/p>\n<h2>SCSI<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/922b430a5fda8ae5e46db82db9573719.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nMaz\u0101 datoru sist\u0113mu saskarne (SCSI) par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s t\u0101l\u0101 1978. gad\u0101 un s\u0101kotn\u0113ji tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ta, lai apvienotu da\u017e\u0101du profilu ier\u012bces vien\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101. SCSI-1 specifik\u0101cija paredz\u0113ja l\u012bdz 8 ier\u012b\u010du piesl\u0113g\u0161anu (kop\u0101 ar kontrolieri), piem\u0113ram:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>skan\u0113t\u0101ji;<\/li>\n<li>lentes diski (streameri);<\/li>\n<li>optiskie diskdzi\u0146i;<\/li>\n<li>cietie diski un citas ier\u012bces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>S\u0101kotn\u0113ji SCSI bija nosaukts Shugart Associates System Interface (SASI), bet standartiz\u0101cijas komiteja nepie\u0146\u0113ma nosaukumu par godu uz\u0146\u0113mumam, un p\u0113c smadze\u0146u v\u0113tras diena rad\u0101s nosaukums Maz\u0101 datoru sist\u0113mu saskarne (SCSI). SCSI 't\u0113vs', Lari Boucher, dom\u0101ja, ka akron\u012bms tiks izrun\u0101ts k\u0101 'sexy', bet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.endl.com\/ida.htm\">Dal Allan<\/a><\/noindex> izlas\u012bja 's\u0441uzzy' ('skazi'). V\u0113l\u0101k 'skazi' izrun\u0101\u0161ana cie\u0161i nostiprin\u0101j\u0101s \u0161aj\u0101s standarts.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nSCSI terminolo\u0123ij\u0101 piesl\u0113gt\u0101s ier\u012bces iedala divos veidos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>iniciatori;<\/li>\n<li>m\u0113r\u0137a ier\u012bces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIniciators nos\u016bta komandu m\u0113r\u0137a ier\u012bcei, kas p\u0113c tam nos\u016bta atbildi iniciatoram. Iniciatori un m\u0113r\u0137a ier\u012bces ir piesl\u0113gtas kop\u0113jai SCSI busai, kuras joslas platums SCSI-1 standart\u0101 ir 5 MB\/s.<\/p>\n<p>Izmantojam\u0101 topolo\u0123ija 'kop\u0113j\u0101 busa' nosaka virkni ierobe\u017eojumu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bus\u0101 abos galos ir nepiecie\u0161amas \u012bpa\u0161as ier\u012bces \u2014 terminatori;<\/li>\n<li>busa joslas platums tiek sadal\u012bts starp vis\u0101m ier\u012bc\u0113m;<\/li>\n<li>maksim\u0101lais vienlaic\u012bgi piesl\u0113gto ier\u012b\u010du skaits ir ierobe\u017eots.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cablesdirect.com\/store\/p\/2877.aspx\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/caecf6cf48e6f0c219080f93e1224206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Ier\u012bces bus\u0101 identific\u0113 p\u0113c unik\u0101la numura, ko sauc par <b>SCSI Target ID<\/b>. Katrs SCSI vienums sist\u0113m\u0101 ir p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113ts vismaz ar vienu lo\u0123isko ier\u012bci, kuras adres\u0113\u0161ana notiek p\u0113c unik\u0101la skait\u013ca, kas ir specifisks fiziskai ier\u012bcei <b>Lo\u0123isk\u0101s vien\u012bbas numurs<\/b> (LUN).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/f85b1a966dbb47dea78320e27c9cbaac.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nKomandas SCSI tiek nos\u016bt\u012btas komandu aprakstu blokos <b>(Command Descriptor Block, CDB), kas sast\u0101v no darb\u012bbas koda un komandu parametriem. Standart\u0101 ir aprakst\u012btas vair\u0101k nek\u0101 200 komandas, kas iedal\u012btas \u010detr\u0101s kategorij\u0101s:<\/b> Oblig\u0101ts<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u2014 ier\u012bcei j\u0101atbalsta;<\/b> Izv\u0113les<\/li>\n<li><b>\u2014 var tikt \u012bstenoti;<\/b> Ra\u017eot\u0101ja specifiski<\/li>\n<li><b>\u2014 tiek izmantoti konkr\u0113ta ra\u017eot\u0101ja;<\/b> Novecojusi<\/li>\n<li><b>\u2014 novecoju\u0161as komandas.<\/b> Starp daudzaj\u0101m komand\u0101m tikai tr\u012bs no t\u0101m ir oblig\u0101tas ier\u012bc\u0113m:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTEST UNIT READY<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u2014 ier\u012bces gatav\u012bbas p\u0101rbaude;<\/b> REQUEST SENSE<\/li>\n<li><b>\u2014 pieprasa iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s komandas k\u013c\u016bdas kodu;<\/b> INQUIRY<\/li>\n<li><b>\u2014 piepras\u012bjums par ier\u012bces pamat\u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m.<\/b> \u2014 ier\u012bces galveno specifik\u0101ciju piepras\u012bjums.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u0113c komandas sa\u0146em\u0161anas un apstr\u0101des m\u0113r\u0137ier\u012bce nos\u016bta iniciatoram statusa kodu, kas apraksta izpildes rezult\u0101tu.<\/p>\n<p>Turpm\u0101ka SCSI uzlabo\u0161ana (SCSI-2 un Ultra SCSI specifik\u0101cijas) papla\u0161in\u0101ja lietoto komandu sarakstu un palielin\u0101ja pievienojamo ier\u012b\u010du skaitu l\u012bdz 16, savuk\u0101rt datu apmai\u0146as \u0101trums pa busu sasniedza 640 MB\/s. T\u0101 k\u0101 SCSI ir paral\u0113ls interfeiss, datu apmai\u0146as bie\u017euma palielin\u0101\u0161ana saist\u012bj\u0101s ar maksim\u0101l\u0101 kabe\u013ca garuma samazin\u0101\u0161anu un rad\u012bja ne\u0113rt\u012bbas lieto\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0101kot ar Ultra-3 SCSI standartu, tika ieviesta &#034;karst\u0101 piesl\u0113g\u0161ana&#034; \u2014 ier\u012b\u010du piesl\u0113g\u0161ana, kad baro\u0161ana ir iesl\u0113gta.<\/p>\n<p>Pirmais zin\u0101ms SSD disks ar SCSI interfeisu ir M-Systems FFD-350, kas tika izdots 1995. gad\u0101. Diskam bija augsta cena un tas netika pla\u0161i izplat\u012bts.<\/p>\n<p>Pa\u0161laik paral\u0113lais SCSI nav popul\u0101rs disks piesl\u0113g\u0161anas interfeiss, ta\u010du komandu kopums joproj\u0101m tiek akt\u012bvi izmantots USB un SAS interfeisos.<\/p>\n<h2>ATA \/ PATA<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0f152c456d01911a4e64b565741cb8cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nInterfeiss <b>ATA<\/b> (Advanced Technology Attachment), k\u0101 ar\u012b paz\u012bstams k\u0101 <b>PATA<\/b> (Parallel ATA) tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ts uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 Western Digital 1986. gad\u0101. Standarta IDE (angl. Integrated Drive Electronics \u2014 &#034;elektronika, kas ieb\u016bv\u0113ta disk\u0101&#034;) m\u0101rketinga nosaukums uzsv\u0113ra svar\u012bgo jaunin\u0101jumu: diska kontrolieris tika ieb\u016bv\u0113ts disk\u0101, nevis atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas kart\u0113.<\/p>\n<p>L\u0113mums novietot kontrolieri iek\u0161\u0101 disk\u0101 atrisin\u0101ja vair\u0101kas probl\u0113mas. Pirmk\u0101rt, samazin\u0101j\u0101s att\u0101lums no uzglab\u0101\u0161anas ier\u012bces l\u012bdz kontrolierim, kas pozit\u012bvi ietekm\u0113ja ier\u012bces veiktsp\u0113ju. Otrk\u0101rt, ieb\u016bv\u0113tais kontrolieris bija &#034;piel\u0101gots&#034; tikai konkr\u0113tam diska tipam un attiec\u012bgi bija l\u0113t\u0101ks.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/de2944768a139aeccef20e1688ed7baf.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nATA, t\u0101pat k\u0101 SCSI, izmanto paral\u0113lo ieejas-izejas metodi, kas atspogu\u013cojas izmantotajos kabe\u013cos. Lai piesl\u0113gtu diskus, izmantojot IDE interfeisu, nepiecie\u0161ami 40 vadu kabe\u013ci, kas ar\u012b tiek d\u0113v\u0113ti par \u0161\u013c\u016bten\u0113m. V\u0113l\u0101kaj\u0101s specifik\u0101cij\u0101s tiek izmantotas 80 vadu \u0161\u013c\u016btenes: vair\u0101k nek\u0101 puse no t\u0101m ir zemei, lai samazin\u0101tu trauc\u0113jumus augst\u0101s frekvenc\u0113s.<\/p>\n<p>ATA \u0161\u013c\u016bten\u0113 ir no diviem l\u012bdz \u010detriem savienot\u0101jiem, viens no kuriem piesl\u0113dzas m\u0101tesplatei, bet p\u0101r\u0113jie \u2014 uz glab\u0101\u0161anas ier\u012bc\u0113m. Piesl\u0113dzot divas ier\u012bces ar vienu \u0161\u013c\u016bteni, vienai no t\u0101m j\u0101b\u016bt konfigur\u0113tai k\u0101 <b>Master<\/b>, bet otrai \u2014 k\u0101 <b>Slave<\/b>. Tre\u0161ais ier\u012bce var tikt piesl\u0113gta tikai \u00ablas\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.informit.com\/articles\/article.aspx?p=2028834&amp;seqNum=3\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/91490f1a349198d18c6e4947fc53476d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nZonta poz\u012bcija nosaka konkr\u0113t\u0101s ier\u012bces lomu. Termini Master un Slave attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz ier\u012bc\u0113m nav piln\u012bgi prec\u012bzi, jo attiec\u012bb\u0101 pret kontroli vis\u0101m piesl\u0113gtaj\u0101m ier\u012bc\u0113m ir Slaves.<\/p>\n<p>\u012apa\u0161s jaunin\u0101jums ATA-3 ir <b>Self-Monitoring<\/b>, <b>Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)<\/b>. Piecas komp\u0101nijas (IBM, Seagate, Quantum, Conner un Western Digital) apvienoja sp\u0113kus un standartiz\u0113ja disku statusa nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas tehnolo\u0123iju.<\/p>\n<p>Atbalsts cietvielu diskus par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s ar ceturto standarta versiju, kas tika laista klaj\u0101 1998. gad\u0101. \u0160\u012b standarta versija nodro\u0161in\u0101ja datu apmai\u0146as \u0101trumu l\u012bdz 33.3 MB\/s.<\/p>\n<p>Standarts izvirza stingras pras\u012bbas ATA kabe\u013ciem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kabe\u013ca forma oblig\u0101ti j\u0101b\u016bt plakana;<\/li>\n<li>maksim\u0101lais kabe\u013ca garums 18 collas (45.7 centimetri).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u012ass un plats kabelis bija ne\u0113rts un trauc\u0113ja dzes\u0113\u0161anai. Ar katru n\u0101kamo standarta versiju k\u013cuva arvien gr\u016bt\u0101k palielin\u0101t p\u0101rraides frekvenci, un ATA-7 radik\u0101li atrisin\u0101ja \u0161o probl\u0113mu: paral\u0113lais interfeiss tika aizst\u0101ts ar sec\u012bgu. P\u0113c tam ATA ieguva v\u0101rdu Parallel un k\u013cuva paz\u012bstams k\u0101 PATA, bet sept\u012bt\u0101 standarta versija ieguva citu nosaukumu \u2014 Serial ATA. SATA versiju numer\u0101cija s\u0101k\u0101s ar vienu.<\/p>\n<h2>SATA<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/62bbd54846d285ac7545fd019935f4a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSerial ATA (SATA) standarts tika ieviests 2003. gada 7. janv\u0101r\u012b un risin\u0101ja sava priek\u0161te\u010da probl\u0113mas ar \u0161\u0101d\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>paral\u0113lais ports tika aizst\u0101ts ar sec\u012bgu;<\/li>\n<li>plata 80 vadu kabe\u013ca viet\u0101 tika ieviests 7 vadu kabelis;<\/li>\n<li>topolo\u0123ija \u00abkop\u0113j\u0101 bus\u00bb tika aizst\u0101ta ar \u00abpunktu-punkts\u00bb savienojumu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNeskatoties uz to, ka standarts SATA 1.0 (SATA\/150, 150 MB\/s) bija nedaudz \u0101tr\u0101ks nek\u0101 ATA-6 (UltraDMA\/130, 130 MB\/s), p\u0101reja uz sec\u012bgu datu apmai\u0146as metodi bija \u00abl\u0113ta augsne\u00bb \u0101trumu palielin\u0101\u0161anai.<\/p>\n<p>Se\u0161padsmit sign\u0101la l\u012bnijas datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai ATA tika aizst\u0101tas ar div\u0101m grieztiem p\u0101riem: viens p\u0101ris p\u0101rs\u016bta, otrs pie\u0146em. SATA ligzdas ir projekt\u0113tas, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu liel\u0101ku iztur\u012bbu pret atk\u0101rtotiem piesl\u0113gumiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b SATA 1.0 specifik\u0101cija \u013c\u0101va \u00abkarsto piesl\u0113g\u0161anu\u00bb (Hot Plug).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Da\u017ei pinni diskos ir \u012bs\u0101ki nek\u0101 visi p\u0101r\u0113jie. Tas izdar\u012bts, lai atbalst\u012btu \u00abkarsto nomai\u0146u\u00bb (Hot Swap). Ier\u012bces nomai\u0146as laik\u0101 t\u0101 \u00abzaud\u0113\u00bb un \u00abatrod\u00bb l\u012bnijas iepriek\u0161 noteikt\u0101 sec\u012bb\u0101.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nNedaudz vair\u0101k nek\u0101 gadu v\u0113l\u0101k, 2004. gada apr\u012bl\u012b, tika laista klaj\u0101 otr\u0101 SATA specifik\u0101cijas versija. Papildus \u0101truma palielin\u0101jumam l\u012bdz 3 Gbit\/s, SATA 2.0 ieviesa tehnolo\u0123iju <b>Native Command Queuing<\/b> (NCQ). Ier\u012bces ar atbalstu NCQ sp\u0113j patst\u0101v\u012bgi organiz\u0113t sa\u0146emt\u0101s komandas izpildes sec\u012bbu, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu maksim\u0101lu veiktsp\u0113ju.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newegg.com\/red-rocstor-6-data-transfer-cable\/p\/0ZF-00S7-00004\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/5a10fbfb30d403d9700136018a0d94eb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nN\u0101kamajos tr\u012bs gados SATA Working Group str\u0101d\u0101ja pie eso\u0161\u0101s specifik\u0101cijas uzlabo\u0161anas, un versij\u0101 2.6 par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s kompakti Slimline un micro SATA (uSATA) savienot\u0101ji. \u0160ie savienot\u0101ji ir samazin\u0101ta ori\u0123in\u0101l\u0101 SATA savienot\u0101ja kopija un ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ti optiskajiem diskdzin\u0113jiem un maziem diskdzi\u0146iem kl\u0113pjdatoros.<\/p>\n<p>Lai gan otr\u0101s paaudzes SATA joslas platums bija pietiekams cietajiem diskiem, SSD pras\u012bja vair\u0101k. 2009. gada maij\u0101 tika laista klaj\u0101 tre\u0161\u0101 SATA specifik\u0101cijas versija ar palielin\u0101tu joslas platumu l\u012bdz 6 Gbit\/s.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/windowstips.ru\/chto-takoe-msata-ssd-i-chem-on-mozhet-byt-polezen-osobenno-esli-vy-ne-udovletvoreny-obshhej-skorostyu-vashego-noutbuka\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0a72172e33304d39dc8fcebc24aaca71.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nSATA 3.1 redakcij\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161a uzman\u012bba tika piev\u0113rsta SSD. Par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s Mini-SATA (mSATA) savienot\u0101js, kas paredz\u0113ts SSD savieno\u0161anai kl\u0113pjdatoros. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no Slimline un uSATA, jaunais savienot\u0101js bija l\u012bdz\u012bgs PCIe Mini, lai gan nebija elektriski sader\u012bgs ar PCIe. Papildus jaunajam savienot\u0101jam SATA 3.1 var\u0113ja lepoties ar iesp\u0113ju k\u0101rtot TRIM komandas kop\u0101 ar las\u012b\u0161anas un rakst\u012b\u0161anas komand\u0101m.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>TRIM komanda inform\u0113 SSD par datu blokiem, kuriem nav noder\u012bgas slodzes. L\u012bdz SATA 3.1 \u0161\u012bs komandas izpilde noveda pie ke\u0161u iztuk\u0161o\u0161anas un I\/O oper\u0101ciju p\u0101rejas uz TRIM komandas izpildi. \u0160\u0101da pieeja samazin\u0101ja diska veiktsp\u0113ju dz\u0113\u0161anas oper\u0101ciju laik\u0101.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nSATA specifik\u0101cija nesp\u0113ja sekot l\u012bdzi straujajam piek\u013cuves \u0101truma pieaugumam uz SSD, kas 2013. gad\u0101 noveda pie kompromisa, kas paz\u012bstams k\u0101 SATA Express SATA 3.2 standart\u0101. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai v\u0113lreiz dubultotu SATA joslas platumu, izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji izmantoja pla\u0161i izplat\u012bto PCIe bus, kura \u0101trums p\u0101rsniedz 6 Gbit\/s. Diski ar atbalstu SATA Express ieguva savu formu, ko sauc par M.2.<\/p>\n<h2>SAS<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/b962c09d48c8aca6a19381d6d8866558.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u201eKonkur\u0113jo\u0161ais\u201d ar ATA standarts SCSI ar\u012b nest\u0101v\u0113ja uz vietas, un tikai gadu p\u0113c Serial ATA par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s, 2004. gad\u0101, tas p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0101s par sec\u012bgu interfeysu. Jaun\u0101 interfeisa nosaukums ir <b>Serial Attached SCSI<\/b> (SAS).<\/p>\n<p>Lai gan SAS ir mantojis SCSI komandu kopu, izmai\u0146as ir biju\u0161as b\u016btiskas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>secin\u0113tais interfeiss;<\/li>\n<li>29 vadu str\u0101vas kabelis;<\/li>\n<li>punktu-uz-punktu savienojums<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSCSI terminolo\u0123ija ar\u012b ir mantota. Kontrolieris joproj\u0101m tiek saukts par iniciatoru, bet pievienot\u0101s ier\u012bces \u2014 par m\u0113r\u0137iem. Visas m\u0113r\u0137a ier\u012bces un iniciators veido SAS dom\u0113nu. SAS savienojuma caurlaidsp\u0113ja nav atkar\u012bga no m\u0113r\u0137a ier\u012b\u010du skaita dom\u0113n\u0101, jo katra ier\u012bce izmanto savu atsevi\u0161\u0137o kan\u0101lu.<\/p>\n<p>Maksim\u0101lais vienlaic\u012bgi pievienoto ier\u012b\u010du skaits SAS dom\u0113n\u0101 atbilsto\u0161i specifik\u0101cijai p\u0101rsniedz 16 t\u016bksto\u0161us, un adres\u0113\u0161anai tiek izmantots identifikators <b>World-Wide Name<\/b> (WWN).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>WWN ir unik\u0101ls identifikators ar 16 baitu garumu, l\u012bdz\u012bgs MAC adresei SAS ier\u012bc\u0113m.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serial_Attached_SCSI\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0659809e755f33639caaf83606dce40d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nLai gan SAS un SATA ligzdas ir l\u012bdz\u012bgas, \u0161ie standarti nav piln\u012bb\u0101 sader\u012bgi. Tom\u0113r SATA disks var tikt pievienots SAS savienot\u0101jam, bet ne otr\u0101di. Sader\u012bbu starp SATA diskus un SAS dom\u0113nu nodro\u0161ina SATA Tunneling Protocol (STP).<\/p>\n<p>Pirmaj\u0101 SAS-1 standarta versij\u0101 ir caurlaidsp\u0113ja 3 Gb\/s, bet jaun\u0101k\u0101 versija, SAS-4, uzlaboja \u0161o r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju 7 reizes: 22,5 Gb\/s.<\/p>\n<h2>PCIe<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/05251167ad57703662c9be5df62ca85f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPeripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI Express, PCIe) ir secin\u0101tais interfeiss datu p\u0101rraidei, kas par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s 2002. gad\u0101. Izstr\u0101di uzs\u0101ka uz\u0146\u0113mums Intel, un v\u0113l\u0101k to nodeva \u012bpa\u0161ai organiz\u0101cijai \u2014 PCI Special Interest Group.<\/p>\n<p>Secin\u0101tais PCIe interfeiss nebija iz\u0146\u0113mums un k\u013cuva par lo\u0123isku turpin\u0101jumu paral\u0113lajam PCI, kur\u0161 paredz\u0113ts papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas kar\u0161u piesl\u0113g\u0161anai.<\/p>\n<p>PCI Express iev\u0113rojami at\u0161\u0137iras no SATA un SAS. PCIe interfeisam ir main\u012bgs l\u012bniju skaits. L\u012bniju skaits ir 2 pak\u0101pju skait\u013ci un sv\u0101rst\u0101s no 1 l\u012bdz 16.<\/p>\n<p>Termins \u201el\u012bnija\u201d PCIe apz\u012bm\u0113 nevis konkr\u0113tu sign\u0101la l\u012bniju, bet atsevi\u0161\u0137u pilndupleksu sakaru kan\u0101lu, kas sast\u0101v no \u0161\u0101d\u0101m sign\u0101la l\u012bnij\u0101m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>uz\u0146em\u0161ana+ un uz\u0146em\u0161ana-;<\/li>\n<li>p\u0101rraide+ un p\u0101rraide-;<\/li>\n<li>\u010detri zem\u0113juma vadi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPCIe l\u012bniju skaits tie\u0161i ietekm\u0113 maksim\u0101lo savienojuma caurlaidsp\u0113ju. M\u016bsdienu standarts PCI Express 4.0 \u013cauj sasniegt 1.9 GB\/s vienai l\u012bnijai un 31.5 GB\/s, izmantojot 16 l\u012bnijas.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e3c4ec567c596348ebba75ff1c88c933.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nZin\u0101tniskie t\u012bklenes neso\u0161o ier\u012b\u010du apet\u012btes aug \u013coti strauji. Ne SATA, ne SAS nespeja palielin\u0101t savu caurlaidsp\u0113ju, lai 'pan\u0101ktu' SSD, kas noveda pie SSD diskus, kas piesl\u0113dzas caur PCIe.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Lai gan PCIe papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas kartes tiek pievienotas ar skr\u016bv\u0113m, PCIe atbalsta 'karsto nomai\u0146u'. \u012asie pin PRSNT (ang\u013cu valod\u0101 'present' \u2013 b\u016bt kl\u0101t) nodro\u0161ina, ka karte ir piln\u012bb\u0101 uzst\u0101d\u012bta slot\u0101.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nSSD, kas piesl\u0113dzas caur PCIe, tiek regul\u0113ti ar atsevi\u0161\u0137u standartu <b>Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification<\/b> un ir pieejami da\u017e\u0101dos form\u0101tos, ta\u010du par tiem m\u0113s run\u0101sim n\u0101kamaj\u0101 sada\u013c\u0101.<\/p>\n<h2>Att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101s ier\u012bces<\/h2>\n<p>\nVeidojot lielus datu kr\u0101tuves, rad\u0101s vajadz\u012bba p\u0113c protokoliem, kas \u013cauj piesl\u0113gt ier\u012bces, kas atrodas \u0101rpus servera. Pirmais risin\u0101jums \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101 bija <b>Internet SCSI<\/b> (iSCSI), ko izstr\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161as komp\u0101nijas IBM un Cisco 1998. gad\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Protokola iSCSI ideja ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a: SCSI komandas 'iesai\u0146o' TCP\/IP pakotn\u0113s un p\u0101rs\u016bta t\u012bkl\u0101. Neskatoties uz att\u0101lin\u0101to piesl\u0113gumu, klientiem tiek rad\u012bta il\u016bzija, ka ier\u012bce ir piesl\u0113gta lok\u0101li. Datu uzglab\u0101\u0161anas t\u012bkls (Storage Area Network, SAN), kas balst\u012bts uz iSCSI, var tikt uzb\u016bv\u0113ts uz eso\u0161\u0101s t\u012bkla infrastrukt\u016bras. Izmantojot iSCSI, iev\u0113rojami samazin\u0101s izmaksas SAN organiz\u0113\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>iSCSI ir 'pr\u0113miju' versija \u2014 <b>Fibre Channel Protocol<\/b> (FCP). SAN, kas izmanto FCP, tiek b\u016bv\u0113ts uz atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101m \u0161\u0137iedru optiskaj\u0101m komunik\u0101cijas l\u012bnij\u0101m. \u0160\u0101ds pieejas veids prasa papildu optisko t\u012bkla apr\u012bkojumu, bet raksturojas ar stabilit\u0101ti un augstu caurlaidsp\u0113ju.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Ir daudzi protokoli, kas paredz\u0113ti SCSI komandu nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai caur datoru t\u012bkliem. Tom\u0113r ir tikai viens standarts, kas risina pret\u0113ju uzdevumu un \u013cauj nos\u016bt\u012bt IP paketes caur SCSI autobusu \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc2143.txt\">IP-over-SCSI<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nLiel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca protokolu SAN organiz\u0113\u0161anai izmanto SCSI komandu kopu disku p\u0101rvald\u012b\u0161anai, bet ir ar\u012b iz\u0146\u0113mumi, piem\u0113ram, vienk\u0101r\u0161s <b>ATA over Ethernet<\/b> (AoE). AoE protokols nos\u016bta ATA komandas Ethernet pakotn\u0113s, bet sist\u0113m\u0101 ier\u012bces tiek att\u0113lotas k\u0101 SCSI.<\/p>\n<p>Ar NVM Express ier\u012b\u010du par\u0101d\u012b\u0161anos, protokoli iSCSI un FCP vairs neapmierina \u0101tri augo\u0161\u0101s SSD pras\u012bbas. Par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s divi risin\u0101jumi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u0101rvietot PCI Express autobusu \u0101rpus servera;<\/li>\n<li>izveidot NVMe over Fabrics protokolu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPCIe sl\u0113gvieta ir saist\u012bta ar sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu komut\u0101cijas apr\u012bkojuma izveidi, ta\u010du nemaina protokolu.<\/p>\n<p>NVMe over Fabrics protokols ir k\u013cuvusi par labu alternat\u012bvu iSCSI un FCP. NVMe-oF izmanto optisk\u0101s \u0161\u0137iedras sakaru l\u012bnijas un NVM Express komandu kopu.<\/p>\n<h2>DDR-T<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. Interfeiss\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3fe9daef1cc011973e9cfc48e9ffe8d2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\niSCSI un NVMe-oF standarti risina att\u0101lo disku savienojuma problem\u0101tiku k\u0101 viet\u0113jos, savuk\u0101rt uz\u0146\u0113mums Intel izv\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s citu ce\u013cu un maksim\u0101li tuvin\u0101ja viet\u0113jo disku procesoram. Izv\u0113le krita uz DIMM slotiem, kuriem piesl\u0113dzas operat\u012bv\u0101 atmi\u0146a. DDR4 kan\u0101la maksim\u0101l\u0101 caurlaidsp\u0113ja ir 25 GB\/s, kas iev\u0113rojami p\u0101rsniedz PCIe sl\u0113gvietas \u0101trumu. T\u0101 rad\u0101s Intel\u00ae Optane\u2122 DC Persistenta Atmi\u0146a.<\/p>\n<p>Savienojuma nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai DIMM slotos tika izgudrots protokols <b>DDR-T<\/b>, fiziski un elektriski sader\u012bgs ar DDR4, ta\u010du prasa \u012bpa\u0161u kontrolieri, kas sp\u0113j at\u0161\u0137irt atmi\u0146as moduli no uzglab\u0101\u0161anas ier\u012bces. Pieejas \u0101trums uzglab\u0101\u0161anas ier\u012bcei ir maz\u0101ks nek\u0101 operat\u012bvajai atmi\u0146ai, bet augst\u0101ks nek\u0101 NVMe.<\/p>\n<p>DDR-T protokols ir pieejams tikai ar Intel\u00ae Cascade Lake vai jaun\u0101kas paaudzes procesoriem.<\/p>\n<h2>Secin\u0101jums<\/h2>\n<p>\nGandr\u012bz visiem saskarn\u0113m ir bijusi gara att\u012bst\u012bbas ce\u013c\u0161, p\u0101rejot no sec\u012bgas uz paral\u0113lu datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu. SSD \u0101trumi strauji pieaug, v\u0113l nesen SSD bija retums, bet \u0161odien NVMe vairs neizraisa \u012bpa\u0161u p\u0101rsteigumu.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>M\u016bsu laboratorij\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/selectel.ru\/lab\/\">Selectel Laboratorija<\/a><\/noindex> j\u016bs varat pats test\u0113t SSD un NVMe diskus.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Tikai re\u0123istr\u0113tie lietot\u0101ji var piedal\u012bties aptauj\u0101. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Pieteikties<\/a><\/noindex>, l\u016bdzu.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Vai NVMe diski tuv\u0101kaj\u0101 n\u0101kotn\u0113 izskars klasiskos SSD?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">55.5%<\/strong>J\u0101100<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">44.4%<\/strong>N\u011380<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    180 lietot\u0101ji ir balsoju\u0161i. 28 lietot\u0101ji attur\u0113j\u0101s.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/478684\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 SSD\u00bb \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.5\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lv_LV\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 SSD. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-12-11T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:01:47+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Ievads SSD. 2. da\u013ca. 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