{"id":55605,"date":"2020-01-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-23T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/moj-opyt-raboty-s-plesk"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:44","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:44","slug":"moj-opyt-raboty-s-plesk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/moj-opyt-raboty-s-plesk","title":{"rendered":"Mans pieredzes st\u0101sts ar Plesk","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0113los dal\u012bties ar da\u017e\u0101m dom\u0101m par to, cik nepiecie\u0161ama vai nevajadz\u012bga ir vad\u012bbas panelis komerci\u0101lajam vienas servera t\u012bmek\u013ca projektam, ja ir tikai da\u013c\u0113js administrators. St\u0101sts s\u0101k\u0101s pirms diviem gadiem, kad paz\u012bstami cilv\u0113ki l\u016bdza mani tehniski pavad\u012bt uz\u0146\u0113muma \u2014 zi\u0146u vietnes \u2014 ieg\u0101di. Bija j\u0101iepaz\u012bstas ar to, kas uz k\u0101 darbojas, j\u0101p\u0101rliecin\u0101s, ka visi nepiecie\u0161amie r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji tiek nodoti pien\u0101c\u012bg\u0101 veid\u0101 un apjom\u0101, un strat\u0113\u0123iski j\u0101izdom\u0101, ko var uzlabot.<\/p>\n

\"Mans<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDar\u012bjums notika, vijolnieks k\u013cuva nevajadz\u012bgs. Beigas. Paties\u012bb\u0101 n\u0113.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nM\u0101jaslapa darboj\u0101s uz divkodolu 4 GB VM Linode, uz k\u0101da novecoju\u0161a Debian5 ar 400 dienu darb\u012bbas laiku un \u0161\u0101du neaktualiz\u0113tu pakot\u0146u sarakstu. T\u012bmek\u013ca da\u013ca uz pa\u0161rakst\u012btas CMS, nginx, php5.3 FPM, mysql optimiz\u0113ts Percona. Princip\u0101, viss darboj\u0101s.<\/p>\n

L\u012bdztekus sarun\u0101m ar mani jaunais \u012bpa\u0161nieks mekl\u0113ja programm\u0113t\u0101ju, lai piel\u0101gotu projektu cer\u012bb\u0101m. Atrada. Programm\u0113t\u0101js nov\u0113rt\u0113ja trafiku un apjomus, un nol\u0113ma, ka sp\u0113j optimiz\u0113t un vad\u012bt izmaksas. Vi\u0146\u0161 migr\u0113ja visu m\u0101jaslapu uz 700 rub\u013cu dal\u012bto hostingu, ko p\u0101rvald\u012bja vi\u0146am ierastais IS****er. P\u0101ris dienu laik\u0101 atkal zvan\u012bja \u012bpa\u0161nieks: \"viss apst\u0101jas un \u0161\u0137iet, ka m\u016bs ir saboj\u0101ju\u0161i\". Es m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ju labot situ\u0101ciju caur paneli, bet p\u0113c k\u0101da laika bezj\u0113dz\u012bg\u0101m m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumiem main\u012bt PHP versiju vai p\u0101rveidot handlers no fcgi uz fpm, padevos un devos uz shell. Tur es atradu iesl\u0113gtu debug, kas izgaismoja vis\u0101m interneta v\u0101rtiem paroli no mysql, 777 da\u017e\u0101m map\u0113m, kuras br\u012b\u017eiem pl\u012bsa no iek\u013caut\u0101s \u013caunprogrammat\u016bras un l\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101m bl\u0113\u0146\u0101m. \u012apa\u0161nieks apzin\u0101j\u0101s un nol\u0113ma, ka taup\u012bt uz hostinga, programm\u0113t\u0101ja un administratora, kur\u0161 skat\u012btos ar vienu aci, k\u0101 situ\u0101cija att\u012bst\u0101s \u2014 ir nepareizi.<\/p>\n

M\u0113s dodamies uz RuVDS. Nedaudz tuv\u0101k nek\u0101 britu Linode, un, ja p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i v\u0113l\u0113sies uzglab\u0101t personiskos datus un visu p\u0101r\u0113jo, vairs nevajadz\u0113s nekur p\u0101rv\u0101kties. T\u0101 k\u0101 projekts tika pl\u0101nots papla\u0161in\u0101t, tika ieg\u0101d\u0101ta VM \"uz izaugsmi\": 4 kodoli, 8 GB RAM, 80 GB diska. Ne t\u0101, ka es nem\u0101ku str\u0101d\u0101t ar nginx konfigur\u0101cij\u0101m pats, bet vienk\u0101r\u0161i man nebija entuziasma tik int\u012bmi nodarboties ar \u0161o projektu (skat. iepriek\u0161 par da\u013c\u0113ju darba laiku). T\u0101tad \u2014 uzst\u0101d\u012bju Plesk (\u0161eit es izlaid\u012b\u0161u uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas deta\u013cas, jo to faktiski nav: palaidu instal\u0113t\u0101ju, uzst\u0101d\u012bju administratora paroli, ievad\u012bju atsl\u0113gu \u2014 viss), taj\u0101 laik\u0101 tas bija 17.0. Pamatnost\u0101dnes str\u0101d\u0101 sam\u0113r\u0101 labi, iek\u013cauts fail2ban un jaun\u0101k\u0101s pieejam\u0101s PHP, nginx versijas.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Iesp\u0113jams, vajag apst\u0101ties un izskaidrot, k\u0101p\u0113c tie\u0161i vi\u0146u. T\u0101 k\u0101 es ar t\u0101d\u0101m liet\u0101m nodarbojos reti, un man nav nek\u0101du \u012bpa\u0161u r\u012bku vai sagatavoju komplektu katram gad\u012bjumam, bija skaidrs, ka nepiecie\u0161ama k\u0101da automatiz\u0101cija pamata liet\u0101m, lai, pirmk\u0101rt, \u0101tri, otrk\u0101rt, dro\u0161i, un tre\u0161k\u0101rt, lai k\u0101ds jau b\u016btu ieviesis visas lab\u0101k\u0101s prakses. <\/p>\n

T\u0101tad, es to uzst\u0101d\u012bju. Laiks tika iev\u0113rojami ietaup\u012bts, vietnes p\u0101rstart\u0113\u0161ana jaunaj\u0101 server\u012b notika praktiski nekav\u0113joties. Atlika tikai piel\u0101got MySQL konfigur\u0101ciju, pie\u0161\u0137irot tam pusi atmi\u0146as un palielinot buferu skaitu, un atdot nginx puse kodolu (Plesk nemaina glob\u0101l\u0101s konfigur\u0101cijas), un p\u0101ris dienu laik\u0101 ieiet termin\u0101l\u012b, lai paskat\u012btos uz mysqltuner statistiku. J\u0101, un ieg\u0101d\u0101jos maksas ImunifyAV no papildin\u0101jumu kataloga, lai atbr\u012bvotos no iepludin\u0101t\u0101s \u013caunprogrammat\u016bras. Atrad\u0101s apm\u0113ram 11000 infic\u0113tu failu. Nodar\u012bjuma briesmas bija taj\u0101, ka statiskajos failos iek\u013cuva obfusk\u0113ti koda fragmenti, un t\u012br\u012bt to ar roku b\u016btu piln\u012bgi nom\u0101co\u0161i. S\u0101kum\u0101 m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ju ClamAV, bet, k\u0101 izr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s, tas \u0161\u0101das lietas ne\u0146em, bet ImunifyAV sp\u0113ja. Turkl\u0101t iz\u0101rst\u0113tie faili paliek funkcion\u0101li, vienk\u0101r\u0161i tiek dz\u0113sta \u013caunprogrammat\u016bras da\u013ca.<\/p>\n

Matem\u0101tika ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a: 50$ m\u0113nes\u012b par VM, 10$ par Plesk (paties\u012bb\u0101 maz\u0101k, jo nopirk\u0101m uz gadu ar divu m\u0113ne\u0161u atlaidi) un 3$ par antiv\u012brusu. Vai ar\u012b daudz naudas par manu laiku, ko pavad\u012btu server\u012b, s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 posm\u0101 rokot \u0161\u012bs k\u016bts manu\u0101li. \u0160\u0101da k\u0101rt\u012bba \u012bpa\u0161niekam piln\u012bb\u0101 der\u0113ja.<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nTikm\u0113r m\u0113s atrad\u0101m jaunu programm\u0113t\u0101ju. Vienoj\u0101mies ar vi\u0146u par atbild\u012bbas sadal\u012bjumu, izveidoj\u0101m apak\u0161dom\u0113nu test\u0113\u0161anas versijai, un darbs s\u0101k\u0101s. Vi\u0146\u0161 veidoja jauno m\u0101jaslapas versiju Laravel, bet es skat\u012bjos uz fail2ban%).<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nInteresanti, ka zi\u0146k\u0101r\u012bgo pl\u016bsma nep\u0101rtraucas, un melnaj\u0101 sarakst\u0101 vienm\u0113r ir ap simts adres\u0113m. Efekts ir interesants: piem\u0113ram, parasti, ja es ieeju \u0161ell\u0101, pie sveiciena redzu ap 20000\u201330000 neveiksm\u012bgu SSH piek\u013cuves m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumu. Ar iesl\u0113gtu fail2ban ap 70. Ieguld\u012bjuma p\u016bles: 0. Diem\u017e\u0113l neiztika bez nelielas r\u016bgtuma. P\u0113c noklus\u0113juma bija \"pustiekams\" WAF (modsecurity): atkl\u0101\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101. Tas rakst\u012bja aizdom\u012bgu aktivit\u0101ti \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101, bet faktiski nek\u0101das darb\u012bbas neveica. Un fail2ban bez iz\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas las\u012bja visus \u017eurn\u0101lus, saska\u0146\u0101 ar iesl\u0113gtajiem jails, un blo\u0137\u0113ja visu, kas kust\u0113j\u0101s. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di m\u0113s noblo\u0137\u0113j\u0101m pusi redakcijas :D. Bija j\u0101izsl\u0113dz \u0161is jail, un nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s IP adreses uzticam\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c j\u0101izvirza balto sarakst\u0101. Ieguld\u012bjuma p\u016bles: divreiz ar peli pam\u0101n\u012bt un iem\u0101c\u012bt redaktoriem pateikt savu IP adresi.<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nKas programm\u0113t\u0101jam patika uzreiz \u2014 iesp\u0113ja aug\u0161upiel\u0101d\u0113t datu b\u0101zes tie\u0161i panel\u012b un \u0101tra piek\u013cuve phpMyAdmin.<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nKas man patika \u2014 \u017eurn\u0101li un dubl\u0113jumkopijas. \u017durn\u0101li tiek ierakst\u012bti un rot\u0113ti autom\u0101tiski; dubl\u0113jumkopijas ir \u013coti viegli iestat\u0101mas. V\u0101j\u0101kajos laikos tiek izveidota pilna dubl\u0113jumkopija, apm\u0113ram 10 gigabaiti, un tad katru dienu pa inkrement\u0101lai, apm\u0113ram 200 megabaiti, ned\u0113\u013cas laik\u0101. Atjauno\u0161ana ir granularit\u0101ti l\u012bdz konkr\u0113tam failam vai datu b\u0101zei. Ja ir nepiecie\u0161ams atjaunot no inkrement\u0101l\u0101, tad nav j\u0101nok\u013c\u016bst pirmajiem ar pilnu un vis\u0101 \u0137\u0113d\u0113 atjauno\u0161anu, Plesk visu dara autom\u0101tiski. Dubl\u0113jumkopijas var aug\u0161upiel\u0101d\u0113t kur vien v\u0113lies: uz FTP, Dropbox, S3 bucket, Google Drive un citiem.<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nDiena D: programm\u0113t\u0101js beidzot pabeidza jauno dzin\u0113ju, m\u0113s to aug\u0161upiel\u0101d\u0113j\u0101m ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, import\u0113j\u0101m vecos datus un s\u0101k\u0101m izv\u0113l\u0113ties kr\u0101su saviem n\u0101kotnes Maserati. V\u0113l joproj\u0101m izv\u0113lamies.<\/p>\n

S\u0101k\u0101s pirm\u0101s probl\u0113mas. Jaun\u0101 m\u0101jaslapa bija gaid\u0101mi smag\u0101ka par veco, bet re\u0101l\u0101 probl\u0113ma bija t\u0101, ka trafika piesaistei izmantoj\u0101m ar\u012b Yandex.Zen, kas pieg\u0101d\u0101ja apmekl\u0113t\u0101jus masveid\u0101. M\u0101jaslapa sabruka pie 150 vienlaic\u012bg\u0101m piesl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101m (es nerun\u0101ju par RPS, jo neizm\u0113r\u012bj\u0101m). S\u0101k\u0101m spaid\u012bt pogas un griezt rokturus php_fpm iestat\u012bjumu jom\u0101.
\n\u00a0
\n\"Mans
\nOho, jau tur 500 savienojumu. Pa\u0161reiz pievienojot kred\u012btkarti rekl\u0101mas l\u012bdzek\u013ciem, trafika vi\u013c\u0146i k\u013c\u016bst liel\u0101ki. N\u0101kamais m\u0113r\u0137is - 1000 vienlaic\u012bgu savienojumu. \u0160eit n\u0101c\u0101s p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101t kodu un paskat\u012bties uz musku\u013cu dv\u0113seli. Plesk \u0161aj\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 nepal\u012bdz\u0113ja, bet to \u012bpa\u0161i ar\u012b negaid\u012bj\u0101m. Iesl\u0113dz\u0101m l\u0113no vaic\u0101jumu \u017eurn\u0101lu, pievienoj\u0101m indeksus datub\u0101zei, izn\u012bcin\u0101j\u0101m liekos vaic\u0101jumus kod\u0101, v\u0113lreiz sak\u0101rtoj\u0101m MySQL konfigur\u0101ciju p\u0113c mysqltuner ieteikumiem.<\/p>\n

Jauns izaicin\u0101jums \u2013 2000 savienojumu. Tie\u0161i izn\u0101ca Plesk 17.8 versija, kur\u0101, starp citu, pievienoja nginx ke\u0161\u0113\u0161anu. Atjaunin\u0101j\u0101m (p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161i viegli). M\u0113\u0123in\u0101m. Str\u0101d\u0101! Un tad uzreiz s\u0101k\u0101s probl\u0113mas \u2013 p\u0101rst\u0101ja darboties Yandex.zen pl\u016bsma. Lapa str\u0101d\u0101, bet pl\u016bsma nestr\u0101d\u0101. Ja nav pl\u016bsmas, nav ar\u012b trafika. Atmosf\u0113ra saasin\u0101s. Spiediena apst\u0101k\u013cos un izt\u0113les tr\u016bkuma d\u0113\u013c s\u0101ku t\u016bl\u012bt strace-ot nginx un atradu, ko mekl\u0113ju. Izr\u0101d\u0101s, k\u0101d\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b stulbais nginx ke\u0161\u0113jis iev\u0113rojamo 500. k\u013c\u016bdu k\u0101 atbildi uz Yandex get feed.xml. Saviem sp\u0113kiem nov\u0113r\u0161ami, pievienoj\u0101m iz\u0146\u0113mumus ke\u0161a iestat\u012bjumiem:<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nSaprotams, ka \u012bpa\u0161niekam vajag V\u0112L, vi\u013c\u0146i pak\u0101peniski pieaug. Pa\u0161laik tiekam gal\u0101, bet iepriek\u0161 esam s\u0101ku\u0161i eksperiment\u0113t ar memcached, jo Laravel to atbalsta gandr\u012bz no s\u0101kuma. N\u0113, nebija v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s manu\u0101li uzst\u0101d\u012bt memcached tikai \u201esp\u0113l\u0113ties\u201d, t\u0101p\u0113c izmantoj\u0101m Docker att\u0113lu. Tiesi no pane\u013ca.<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nNu, labi, aizmirsu, n\u0101c\u0101s ieiet shell un uzst\u0101d\u012bt moduli caur pecl. Tiesi pa nor\u0101d\u012bjum\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>. Par caurlaid\u012bbas pieaugumu pagaid\u0101m nav ko teikt, pietiekami lieli uzpl\u016bdi nebija. Vietnes dzin\u0113js piesl\u0113dz\u0101s localhost:11211, statistika tiek r\u0101d\u012bta, atmi\u0146a tiek pat\u0113r\u0113ta. Ja patiks, paskat\u012bsimies, ko dar\u012bt t\u0101l\u0101k. Vai nu atst\u0101sim t\u0101, k\u0101 ir, vai uzst\u0101d\u012bsim \u201e\u012bsteno\u201d tie\u0161i OS. Vai ar\u012b ar \u0161o pa\u0161u metodi izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101sim redis. <\/p>\n

V\u0113l\u0101k vajadz\u0113ja pievienot pasta izs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu. Tad nek\u0101du relay, tikai smtp autentifik\u0101cija. Izveidoju pasta adresi, caur t\u0101s rekviz\u012btiem veicam izs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu ar PHP.<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nNe tik sen izn\u0101ca Plesk Obsidian (18.0), atjaunin\u0101j\u0101m, balstoties uz iepriek\u0161\u0113jo pieredzi bez bail\u0113m. Viss notika \u013coti gludi, pat nav par ko st\u0101st\u012bt. No pat\u012bkam\u0101 \u2013 interfeiss ir iev\u0113rojami uzlabojies, moderniz\u0113jies un da\u017e\u0101s viet\u0101s k\u013cuvis \u0113rt\u0101ks. Aizraujo\u0161a lieta ir Advanced Monitoring uz Grafana.<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nPag\u0101j\u0101m ilg\u0101k ar to, bet, piem\u0113ram, var konfigur\u0113t br\u012bdin\u0101jumus par jebkuru parametru uz e-pastu. \u012apa\u0161niekam, lol.<\/p>\n

Run\u0101jot par saskarni, t\u0101 ir piel\u0101gojama un patie\u0161\u0101m labi darbojas telefon\u0101. Agr\u012bnajos posmos, kam\u0113r m\u0113s cent\u0101mies atrast optim\u0101lus PHP un citu iestat\u012bjumus, tas \u013coti pal\u012bdz\u0113ja. Un jo \u012bpa\u0161i tad, kad programm\u0113t\u0101js str\u0101d\u0101, piem\u0113ram, plkst. 23, kam\u0113r es sav\u0101 darba entuziasm\u0101 dzeru degv\u012bnu pirt\u012b un STEIDZAMI ir j\u0101maina kaut kas.<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nAk, j\u0101, att\u0113l\u0101 redzams, ka par\u0101d\u012bjies PHP Composer. Pag\u0101ju\u0161i no t\u0101 nedarboj\u0101mies, bet, piem\u0113ram, Laravel tas var ietaup\u012bt p\u0101ris piesl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s shell un k\u0101du laiku atkar\u012bbu instal\u0113\u0161anai. L\u012bdz\u012bga sist\u0113ma ir ar\u012b Node.JS un Ruby.<\/p>\n

Ar SSL viss ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i. Ja dom\u0113ns pareizi rezolv\u0113jas, Let\u2019s Encrypt tiek izveidots ar vienu klik\u0161\u0137i un p\u0113c tam pats atjaunojas gan uz pa\u0161a dom\u0113na, gan apak\u0161dom\u0113niem, un pat e-pasta pakalpojumiem.<\/p>\n

\"Mans
\nPats Plesk \u0161obr\u012bd ir diezgan pat\u012bkams un stabils. Tas patiess atjaunojas un OS tiek atjaunota klusi, tas pat\u0113r\u0113 maz resursu un darbojas nevainojami. Pat neatceros, ka kaut kur b\u016btu uzk\u0101pis uz k\u0101da b\u016btiska defekta. Protams, probl\u0113mas bija, bet t\u0101s bija vai nu konfigur\u0101cijas nepiln\u012bbu, vai kaut kur saskares rezult\u0101ts, t\u0101p\u0113c \u012bpa\u0161i nav par ko piekas\u012bties. Kopum\u0101 pieredze ar Plesk ir pat\u012bkama. Ta\u010du j\u0101apzin\u0101s, ka taj\u0101 nav nek\u0101das (jebk\u0101das) klasteriz\u0101cijas. Ne LB, ne HA. J\u016bs varat m\u0113\u0123in\u0101t, bet ieguld\u012bto p\u016b\u013cu b\u016bs tik daudz, ka lab\u0101k s\u0101kotn\u0113ji dar\u012bt kaut ko sav\u0101d\u0101k.<\/p>\n

Dom\u0101ju, ka varam izdar\u012bt secin\u0101jumus. Gad\u012bjumam, kad administratora nav vai tas ir \u013coti maz, kad hostinga cena un vietnes (viet\u0146u) uztur\u0113\u0161ana p\u0101rsniedz, teiksim, 100 eiro, kad runa nav par zemo izpildi ar 1500 vietn\u0113m uz servera, kad l\u0113mumu pie\u0146\u0113m\u0113jam ir izv\u0113le nol\u012bgt administratoru uz pusslodzi vai ieg\u0101d\u0101ties programmat\u016bru un ieviest administratoru uz \"pusi algas\", vai visp\u0101r to neieviest - noteikti ir j\u0113ga. No att\u0101lin\u0101ta administrators viedok\u013ca - tas pats. 10 dol\u0101ri m\u0113nes\u012b, bet tas taupa laiku un palielina elast\u012bbu darb\u0101 par \u013coti lielu summu. Ja, piem\u0113ram, mani \u013coti l\u016bgs \u0146emt l\u012bdz\u012bgu projektu zem sava sp\u0101rna, es uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161u uz p\u0101rvieto\u0161anos uz Plesk.o<\/i>Efektivit\u0101tes nosl\u0113pums ir kvalitat\u012bvs kods, nevis efekt\u012bvs vad\u012bt\u0101js.<\/p>\n

\"Mans<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Avots: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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