{"id":56025,"date":"2020-02-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/v-yadro-linux-5-6-vklyuchili-vpn-wireguard"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:04:11","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:04:11","slug":"v-yadro-linux-5-6-vklyuchili-vpn-wireguard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/v-yadro-linux-5-6-vklyuchili-vpn-wireguard","title":{"rendered":"Linux 5.6 kodol\u0101 iek\u013cauta VPN WireGuard","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160odien Linuss p\u0101rc\u0113la net-next zaru ar VPN saskarn\u0113m. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wireguard.com\/\">WireGuard<\/a><\/noindex>. Par \u0161o notikumu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.zx2c4.com\/pipermail\/wireguard\/2020-January\/004906.html\">zi\u0146oja<\/a><\/noindex> WireGuard izs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas sarakst\u0101.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Linux 5.6 kodol\u0101 iek\u013cauta VPN WireGuard\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/d7a3107d3ba60f906fe446dceb3bdca6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPa\u0161reiz notiek koda v\u0101k\u0161ana jaunajam Linux 5.6 kodolam. WireGuard ir \u0101trs n\u0101kam\u0101s paaudzes VPN ar m\u016bsdien\u012bgu kriptogr\u0101fiju. Tas s\u0101kotn\u0113ji tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ts k\u0101 vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101ka un \u0113rt\u0101ka alternat\u012bva eso\u0161ajiem VPN. Autors ir Kan\u0101das kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas speci\u0101lists D\u017eesons Donenf\u012blds (Jason A. Donenfeld). 2018. gada august\u0101 WireGuard <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.openwall.net\/netdev\/2018\/08\/02\/124\">guva atzin\u012bbu<\/a><\/noindex> no Linusa Torvalda. Ap to laiku s\u0101k\u0101s darbs pie VPN iek\u013cau\u0161anas Linux kodol\u0101. Process nedaudz ieilga.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u201eRedzu, ka D\u017eesons izveidoja piepras\u012bjumu WireGuard iek\u013cau\u0161anai kodol\u0101,\u201d rakst\u012bja Linuss 2018. gada 2. august\u0101. \u201eVai es varu v\u0113lreiz izteikt savu m\u012blest\u012bbu pret \u0161o VPN un cer\u0113t uz \u0101tru apvieno\u0161anos? Varb\u016bt kods nav ide\u0101ls, bet es to esmu p\u0101rskat\u012bjis, un sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar OpenVPN un IPSec \u0161ausm\u0101m tas ir \u012bsts m\u0101kslas darbs.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Neskatoties uz Linusa v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anos, apvieno\u0161an\u0101s ieilga pusotra gada. Galven\u0101 probl\u0113ma izr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s saist\u012bb\u0101 ar pa\u0161u \u012bstenojumu kriptogr\u0101fiskaj\u0101m funkcij\u0101m, kas tika izmantotas veiktsp\u0113jas uzlabo\u0161anai. P\u0113c ilg\u0101m p\u0101rrun\u0101m 2019. gada septembr\u012b tika <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.zx2c4.com\/pipermail\/wireguard\/2019-September\/004560.html\">pie\u0146emts kompromisa l\u0113mums<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0101rcelt pl\u0101ksterus uz kodol\u0101 eso\u0161aj\u0101m Crypto API funkcij\u0101m, par kur\u0101m WireGuard izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji ir izvirz\u012bju\u0161i pretenzijas saist\u012bb\u0101 ar veiktsp\u0113ju un visp\u0101r\u0113jo dro\u0161\u012bbu. Ta\u010du nol\u0113m\u0101m, ka WireGuard nat\u012bvas kriptogr\u0101fisk\u0101s funkcijas tiks izdal\u012btas atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 zem\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a Zinc API un laika gait\u0101 tiks port\u0113tas kodol\u0101. Novembr\u012b kodola izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji tur\u0113ja sol\u012bjumu un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.zx2c4.com\/pipermail\/wireguard\/2019-November\/004614.html\">piekr\u012bt<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0101rcelt kodola galvenaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 kodu no Zinc. Piem\u0113ram, Crypto API <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-crypto\/CAHmME9rxGp439vNYECm85bgibkVyrN7Qc+5v3r8QBmBXPZM=Dg@mail.gmail.com\/\">ir iek\u013cauti<\/a><\/noindex> prepar\u0113t\u0101s WireGuard \u0101tr\u0101s algoritmu ChaCha20 un Poly1305 realiz\u0101cijas.<\/p>\n<p>L\u012bdz galam, 2019. gada 9. decembr\u012b Deivids Millers (David S. Miller), kur\u0161 atbild par Linux kodola t\u012bkla apak\u0161sist\u0113mu, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.zx2c4.com\/pipermail\/wireguard\/2019-December\/004704.html\">ir pie\u0146\u0113mis<\/a><\/noindex> ir sast\u0101vda\u013ca net-next zara <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2019\/12\/8\/240\">labojumi<\/a><\/noindex> ar WireGuard projekta VPN saskarnes \u012bstenojumu.<\/p>\n<p>Un \u0161odien, 2020. gada 29. janv\u0101r\u012b, izmai\u0146as nos\u016bt\u012btas Linusam kodola iek\u013cau\u0161anai.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Linux 5.6 kodol\u0101 iek\u013cauta VPN WireGuard\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/49ea5f8ed5e0d36d3ccaa974e1514086.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nWireGuard nor\u0101d\u012bt\u0101s priek\u0161roc\u012bbas sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar citiem VPN risin\u0101jumiem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vienk\u0101r\u0161i lietojams.\n<\/li>\n<li>Izmanto m\u016bsdien\u012bgu kriptogr\u0101fiju: Noise protocol framework, Curve25519, ChaCha20, Poly1305, BLAKE2, SipHash24, HKDF utt.\n<\/li>\n<li>Kompakts, saprotams kods, viegl\u0101k p\u0113t\u012bt ievainojam\u012bbas.\n<\/li>\n<li>Augsta veiktsp\u0113ja.\n<\/li>\n<li>Skaidra un izstr\u0101d\u0101ta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wireguard.com\/papers\/wireguard.pdf\">specifik\u0101cija<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVisa pamata WireGuard lo\u0123ika aiz\u0146em maz\u0101k par 4000 koda rindi\u0146\u0101m, kam\u0113r OpenVPN un IPSec ir simtiem t\u016bksto\u0161u rindi\u0146u. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>WireGuard izmanto atsl\u0113gu mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161anas konceptu, kas paredz saist\u012b\u0161anu ar katru t\u012bkla saskarni ar priv\u0101to atsl\u0113gu un publisko atsl\u0113gu sasaist\u012b\u0161anu. Publisko atsl\u0113gu apmai\u0146a, lai izveidotu savienojumu, tiek veikta l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 SSH. Atsl\u0113gu saderin\u0101\u0161anai un savienojuma izveidei bez atsevi\u0161\u0137a lietot\u0101ja demona palai\u0161anas tiek izmantots Noise_IK meh\u0101nisms no <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/noiseprotocol.org\/\">Noise Protocol Framework<\/a><\/noindex>, kas ir l\u012bdz\u012bgs authorized_keys uztur\u0113\u0161anai SSH. Datu p\u0101rraide tiek veikta, iepakojot to UDP paketes. Atbalsta VPN servera IP adre\u0161u mai\u0146u (roaming), nep\u0101rtraucot savienojumu ar autom\u0101tisku klienta p\u0101rkonfigur\u0101ciju, \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51997\">raksta<\/a><\/noindex> Opennet.<\/p>\n<p>Lai \u0161ifr\u0113tu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wireguard.io\/protocol\/\">tiek izmantota<\/a><\/noindex> pl\u016bsto\u0161\u0101 \u0161ifra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/cr.yp.to\/chacha.html\">ChaCha20<\/a><\/noindex> un zi\u0146ojumu autentifik\u0101cijas algoritms (MAC) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/cr.yp.to\/mac.html\">Poly1305<\/a><\/noindex>, ko izstr\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i Deivids Bern\u0161teins (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/cr.yp.to\/djb.html\">Daniel J. Bernstein<\/a><\/noindex>), Tanja Lange un Peter Schwabe. ChaCha20 un Poly1305 tiek pozicion\u0113ti k\u0101 \u0101tr\u0101ki un dro\u0161\u0101ki AES-256-CTR un HMAC analogi, kuru programmat\u016bras \u012bstenojums \u013cauj sasniegt noteiktu izpildes laiku bez speci\u0101l\u0101s aparat\u016bras atbalsta. Kop\u0113j\u0101 slepen\u0101 atsl\u0113ga tiek \u0123ener\u0113ta, izmantojot eliptisko l\u012bk\u0146u Diffie-Hellman protokolu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/cr.yp.to\/ecdh.html\">Curve25519<\/a><\/noindex>, ko ar\u012b pied\u0101v\u0101ja Daniel Bernstein. Hash\u0113\u0161anai tiek izmantots algoritms <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=35676\">BLAKE2s (RFC7693)<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nRezult\u0101ti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wireguard.com\/performance\/\">veiktsp\u0113jas testi<\/a><\/noindex> no ofici\u0101l\u0101s vietnes:<\/p>\n<p><b>Caurlaidsp\u0113ja (megabiti\/s)<\/b> <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Linux 5.6 kodol\u0101 iek\u013cauta VPN WireGuard\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/62e73700bf3536fbc2d99ba92df4a67a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Ping (ms)<\/b> <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Linux 5.6 kodol\u0101 iek\u013cauta VPN WireGuard\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/597df63e420cd6f44cd5678dbad81160.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4>Test\u0113\u0161anas konfigur\u0101cija:<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Intel Core i7-3820QM un Intel Core i7-5200U<\/li>\n<li>Gigabit Intel 82579LM un Intel I218LM kartes<\/li>\n<li>Linux 4.6.1<\/li>\n<li>WireGuard konfigur\u0101cija: 256 bitu ChaCha20 ar Poly1305 MAC<\/li>\n<li>Pirma konfigur\u0101cija IPsec: 256 bitu ChaCha20 ar Poly1305 MAC<\/li>\n<li>Otr\u0101 konfigur\u0101cija IPsec: AES-256-GCM-128 (ar AES-NI)<\/li>\n<li>OpenVPN konfigur\u0101cija: ekvivalentais \u0161ifro\u0161anas komplekts 256 bitu AES ar HMAC-SHA2-256, UDP re\u017e\u012bm\u0101<\/li>\n<li>Veiktsp\u0113ja tika m\u0113r\u012bta ar <code>iperf3<\/code>, vid\u0113jais rezult\u0101ts par 30 min\u016bt\u0113m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTeor\u0113tiski, p\u0113c integr\u0113\u0161anas t\u012bkla stek\u0101 WireGuard vajadz\u0113tu darboties v\u0113l \u0101tr\u0101k. Bet re\u0101laj\u0101 praks\u0113 tas ne vienm\u0113r t\u0101 b\u016bs, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 p\u0101reju uz kodol\u0101 iek\u013cautaj\u0101m kriptogr\u0101fiskaj\u0101m funkcij\u0101m Crypto API. Iesp\u0113jams, ne visas no t\u0101m ir v\u0113l optimiz\u0113tas l\u012bdz native WireGuard veiktsp\u0113jas l\u012bmenim.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Man\u0101 skat\u012bjum\u0101, WireGuard ir ide\u0101ls lietot\u0101jam. Visas zem\u0101k\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a proced\u016bras ir nor\u0101d\u012btas specifik\u0101cij\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c tipiskas VPN infrastrukt\u016bras konfigur\u0113\u0161anas process aiz\u0146em vien da\u017eas min\u016btes. Sa\u010dakar\u0113t konfigur\u0101ciju praktiski nav iesp\u0113jams, \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/432686\/\">rakst\u012bja<\/a><\/noindex> rakst\u0101 Habr\u0101 2018. gad\u0101. \u2014 Uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas process <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wireguard.com\/install\/\">ir detaliz\u0113ti aprakst\u012bts<\/a><\/noindex> ofici\u0101laj\u0101 vietn\u0113, atsevi\u0161\u0137i j\u0101uzsver lieliska <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/openwrt.org\/docs\/guide-user\/network\/tunneling_interface_protocols#protocol_wireguard_wireguard_vpn\">OpenWRT atbalsts<\/a><\/noindex>. \u0160\u0101das lieto\u0161anas vienk\u0101r\u0161\u012bbas un koda b\u0101zes kompaktnes iesp\u0113jas ir sasniegtas, atsakoties no atsl\u0113gu izplat\u012b\u0161anas. \u0160eit nav sare\u017e\u0123\u012btas sertifik\u0101tu sist\u0113mas un visa \u0161\u012b uz\u0146\u0113muma murga, \u012bsas \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas atsl\u0113gas tiek izplat\u012btas aptuveni t\u0101pat k\u0101 SSH atsl\u0113gas.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nWireGuard projekts ir att\u012bst\u012bjies kop\u0161 2015. gada, tas ir izg\u0101jis auditu un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wireguard.com\/formal-verification\/\">form\u0101lu verifik\u0101ciju<\/a><\/noindex>. WireGuard atbalsts ir integr\u0113ts NetworkManager un systemd, un kodola pl\u0101ksteri ir iek\u013cauti Debian Unstable, Mageia, Alpine, Arch, Gentoo, OpenWrt, NixOS, Subgraph un ALT pamata izplat\u012bjumu sast\u0101v\u0101.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dcmiran\/blog\/486046\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0451\u0441 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 net-next \u0441 VPN-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 WireGuard. \u041e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 WireGuard. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.6. WireGuard \u2014 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 VPN \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u043d \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c VPN. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u00a0\u2014 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0451\u0441 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 net-next \u0441 VPN-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 WireGuard.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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