{"id":74736,"date":"2020-03-20T08:43:07","date_gmt":"2020-03-20T05:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/antipatterny-devops-sobesedovaniya"},"modified":"2020-03-20T08:43:07","modified_gmt":"2020-03-20T05:43:07","slug":"antipatterny-devops-sobesedovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/antipatterny-devops-sobesedovaniya","title":{"rendered":"DevOps interviju pretpaterni","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sveiki, mani d\u0101rgie las\u012bt\u0101ji!<\/p>\n

\u0160odien es v\u0113los dal\u012bties ar sav\u0101m dom\u0101m par jau sen nopietni apspriesto t\u0113mu un, iesp\u0113jams, apspriest to koment\u0101ros.
\nPietiekami bie\u017ei man\u012b non\u0101k raksti par slikt\u0101m interviju praks\u0113m programm\u0113t\u0101ja amatam, kas, manupr\u0101t, ir diezgan dz\u012bvespriec\u012bgas un, cerams, las\u0101mam HR noda\u013c\u0101m gan lielu, gan mazu uz\u0146\u0113mumu.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

M\u016bsu pus\u0113, cik es varu spriest, ir piepras\u012bjums p\u0113c t\u0101d\u0101m interesant\u0101m strukt\u016br\u0101m k\u0101 DevOps in\u017eenieris. Es piederu pie cilv\u0113kiem, kuri \u0161o v\u0101rdu salikumu neuztver \u013coti nopietni (j\u0101, j\u0101, DevOps metodolo\u0123ija utt.), t\u0101d\u0113\u013c es saskatu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas attiec\u012bgaj\u0101 speci\u0101listu grup\u0101.
\nVispirms es sv\u0113ti ticu, ka katram cilv\u0113kam ir sava intereses loka, pat darba jom\u0101, tas ir, k\u0101dam pat\u012bk m\u0101ko\u0146i, k\u0101dam ir dzi\u013ci j\u0101p\u0113ta aplik\u0101ciju serveri, iestat\u012bt Java, bet k\u0101dam rakst\u012bt kodu Python vai, Dievs pasarg, YAML kodu. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka \u0161eit par\u0101d\u0101s t\u0101 sauktie infrastrukt\u016bras in\u017eenieri, b\u016bvniec\u012bbas in\u017eenieri, vec\u0101kie YAML izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji \ud83d\ude42
\nTas viss no vienas puses \u013cauj atrast cilv\u0113ku, kur\u0161 visvair\u0101k atbilst j\u016bsu uzdevumiem, bet no otras puses rada p\u0101rpratumus intervij\u0101s.
\nPamatojoties uz personisko pieredzi, esmu veicis k\u0101du desmitu interviju un piedal\u012bjies da\u017e\u0101dos k\u0101 atbild\u0113t\u0101js, v\u0113los dal\u012bties ar savu skat\u012bjumu uz notieko\u0161o.<\/p>\n

Pirmais un, iesp\u0113jams, mans m\u012b\u013c\u0101kais antipatterns \u2014 v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s k\u0101dam dar\u012bt visu vai nezin\u0101t, kur\u0161 ir nepiecie\u0161ams, apskat\u012bsim lielu kandid\u0101tu skaitu un tad saprat\u012bsim. Ac\u012bmredzot tas attiecas uz jebkuru jomu, bet \u0161eit ir savas \u012bpatn\u012bbas.
\nK\u0101 esmu paman\u012bjis, cilv\u0113ki vair\u0101k piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bbu vakanc\u0113m ar v\u0101rdiem DevOps nek\u0101 sist\u0113mu administrators, lai gan man\u0101 skat\u012bjum\u0101 uz pieredzes l\u012bme\u0146a B, uzdevumu joma \u013coti at\u0161\u0137iras \u0161aj\u0101s div\u0101s jom\u0101s.
\nIkviens darba dev\u0113js, kuram patie\u0161\u0101m nepiecie\u0161ams sist\u0113mu administrators, raksta vakances virsrakst\u0101 devops, uzskaitot pieteikuma \u0137ermen\u012b absol\u016bti visu, s\u0101kot ar K8S\/Java\/gradle\/oracleDB un t\u0101 t\u0101l\u0101k, lai gan iek\u0161ien\u0113 cilv\u0113kam j\u0101r\u016bp\u0113jas par K8S klastera uztur\u0113\u0161anu un OracleDB steka uztur\u0113\u0161anu atrauti no komandas.
\nNu, k\u0101da ir \u0161\u012b izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju\/oper\u0101ciju form\u0101ta mijiedarb\u012bba?
\nT\u0101l\u0101k izr\u0101d\u0101s, ka nav paredz\u0113ts, k\u0101 \u0161o procesu veikt kop\u0101 ar komandu, un visp\u0101r, operations k\u0101 noda\u013cas nav, un jums b\u016bs j\u0101iestata izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju datori.
\n\u0160is variants paties\u012bb\u0101 der da\u013cai kandid\u0101tu, bet b\u016bsim god\u012bgi, tas ir Senior System Administrator, k\u0101p\u0113c tad nev\u0113las to t\u0101 rakst\u012bt un kas visp\u0101r ir apkaunojams? At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba alg\u0101 starp da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m profesiju nosaukumiem? Bet uz\u0146\u0113muma bud\u017eets ir viens, un, k\u0101 ku\u0123is netiktu nosaukts, tas peld\u0113s uz savu bud\u017eetu.
\nEs esmu dzird\u0113jis par to, ka tagad kandid\u0101ts visu \u0101tri automatiz\u0113 un iek\u013caujas produktu izstr\u0101d\u0113 uz Python, k\u0101da at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba, visur Python ir viens un tas pats. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba pasaules uzskatos un pieej\u0101s netiek \u0146emta v\u0113r\u0101.<\/p>\n

T\u0101l\u0101k es parasti diferenc\u0113ju speci\u0101listu l\u012bmeni, kas n\u0101k, un katram redzu savas ne\u0113rt\u012bbas.
\nJunior \u2014 person\u012bgi man Junior DevOps ir cilv\u0113ks, kur\u0161 vid\u0113j\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b apguvis sist\u0113mas administratora \/ izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ja prasmes. \u0160eit ir pat\u012bkami diferenc\u0113t stiprus linux lietot\u0101jus, kuri v\u0113las augt jaun\u0101 jom\u0101, vai izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jus, kuri v\u0113las dar\u012bt labu citiem izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem. Stipri, ar k\u0101d\u0101m prasm\u0113m debag\u0113\u0161an\u0101, \u017eurn\u0101lu mekl\u0113\u0161an\u0101, vai ar k\u0101du iepriek\u0161 izstr\u0101d\u0101tu projektu pieredzi.
\nEs esmu sastapis gan sist\u0113mas administratorus, kuri ir m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ju\u0161i kaut ko un v\u0113las piesaist\u012bties m\u0101ko\u0146iem, gan tos, kuri ir m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ju\u0161i frontendu, backendu un k\u0101d\u0101 iemesl\u0101 ir atradu\u0161i interesi DevOps procesos.
\n\u0160aj\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b mani vienm\u0113r izbr\u012bna, kad s\u0101k run\u0101t par milz\u012bgu tehnolo\u0123iju steku, Puppet, Ansible \u2014 k\u0101p\u0113c neesi izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101jis visu? K8S, K3S \u2014 k\u0101da at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba? Cik datu b\u0101\u017eu veidus tu zini? K\u0101p\u0113c tik maz? K\u0101 \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana Java darbojas? It \u012bpa\u0161i tiem, kas n\u0101ku\u0161i no izstr\u0101des, lai gan vi\u0146i ir \u013coti noder\u012bgi speci\u0101listi, \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101 vi\u0146iem vienm\u0113r ir darbs.
\nMan vienm\u0113r izraisa apjukumu, kad notiek \u0161\u0101das situ\u0101cijas, pirmais, ko gribas jaut\u0101t \u2014 k\u0101p\u0113c??? otrais, kas ien\u0101k pr\u0101t\u0101 \u2014 vai pats interv\u0113t\u0101js ir gatavs atbild\u0113t uz jaut\u0101jumiem par tik daudzveid\u012bgu tehnolo\u0123iju steku? Vai tie\u0161\u0101m vi\u0146i v\u0113las pie\u0146emt junioru un uzvelt uz vi\u0146a visu?
\nDiem\u017e\u0113l \u0161\u0101das situ\u0101cijas bie\u017ei sastopamas da\u017e\u0101dos bodi\u0161opos, kad j\u0101nodod cilv\u0113ks uz k\u0101du projektu un j\u0101izmanto vair\u0101k for\u0161u v\u0101rdu CV, vai uz\u0146\u0113mums nev\u0113las nevienu pie\u0146emt, bet vienk\u0101r\u0161i skat\u0101s, k\u0101di ir juniori.<\/p>\n

L\u012bmenis Middle
\nManupr\u0101t, \u0161eit ir vair\u0101kas ekstr\u0113mas situ\u0101cijas. Pirmk\u0101rt, ir gr\u016bti prec\u012bzi noteikt, kad cilv\u0113ks ir uz m\u012bdl l\u012bme\u0146a. Vi\u0146u vai nu cen\u0161as pazemin\u0101t l\u012bdz junioram, vai ar\u012b s\u0101k iztur\u0113ties k\u0101 pret senioru, m\u0113\u0123inot to iek\u013caut seniora cenu (j\u0101, tirgus izsniedz noteikumus, nekas person\u012bgs).
\nVisvair\u0101k p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161ais, ko esmu redz\u0113jis \u2014 dzi\u013ci iek\u013c\u016bt kod\u0101, str\u0101d\u0101t ar Python, moc\u012bt Java GC, t.i., piev\u0113rsties jau specifisk\u0101m t\u0113m\u0101m, vai, tie\u0161i otr\u0101di, atkl\u0101t tr\u016bkumus sen neizmantot\u0101s zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, p\u0101rvietoties pa t\u012bkliem, oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mu draiveru veidiem, saj\u016bsminoties un \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgi dom\u0101jot, k\u0101 cilv\u0113ks to var\u0113ja aizmirst. Un tad notiek visinteresant\u0101kais!
\nUz m\u012bdl l\u012bmeni, manupr\u0101t, speci\u0101lista interes\u0113s un skat\u012bjum\u0101 veidojas loks par to, ar ko vi\u0146\u0161 v\u0113las str\u0101d\u0101t \u2014 paman\u012bt kaut ko no jaun\u0101kaj\u0101m tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m, ierakstot to kub\u0101, vai att\u012bst\u012bties d\u0101rgajam enterpr\u012bzam, dzi\u013c\u0101k iegrimstot koda veiktsp\u0113j\u0101.
\nManupr\u0101t, \u0161eit ir v\u0113rts izvaic\u0101t par procesiem, p\u0113c kuriem cilv\u0113ks str\u0101d\u0101jis, pajaut\u0101t, kas vi\u0146am bijis visinteresant\u0101kais, un kas n\u0113, un uz \u0161o zin\u0101\u0161anu pamata veidot jaut\u0101jumu klasteri, noteikti saistot jaut\u0101jumus ar savu st\u0113ku. Cit\u0101di, veicot aizraujo\u0161u sarunu stundu divas par OpenShift klastera konfigur\u0101ciju, nol\u012bgstot cilv\u0113ku un liekot vi\u0146am veidot monitoringu. Dro\u0161i vien tas patiks ab\u0101m pus\u0113m.<\/p>\n

Senior l\u012bmenis.
\nAk, mans iecien\u012btais l\u012bmenis.
\nJ\u016bs redzat sp\u0113c\u012bgu speci\u0101listu, kur\u0161 izstr\u0101d\u0101jis sevi da\u017e\u0101da veida projektos, cilv\u0113ku, kur\u0161 jau zina, ko v\u0113las, un kas vi\u0146am nepat\u012bk.
\nUn tad s\u0101kas \u0161ovs:
\n \u2014 dzi\u013ci jaut\u0101jumi par sist\u0113mu administr\u0113\u0161anu (skatiet pirmo antipattern).
\n \u2014 dzi\u013ci jaut\u0101jumi par Linux kopum\u0101, kas n\u0101k no teorijas, kas ir t\u0101lu no praktiskaj\u0101m zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m (OSI l\u012bme\u0146i \u2014 top jaut\u0101jums).
\n \u2014 akad\u0113miski jaut\u0101jumi par kod\u0113\u0161anu (jo pats interv\u0113t\u0101js \u012bsti nezina jomu, vi\u0146am vienk\u0101r\u0161i l\u016bgts interv\u0113t d\u012bvaino devops).
\n\u0160eit veicu nelielu piez\u012bmi. K\u0101du reizi, intervij\u0101 man l\u016bdza uzrakst\u012bt k\u0101du koda fragmentu. Uz pap\u012bra. Nu, k\u0101 visi to m\u012bl, katru dienu raksta, pap\u012brs ir m\u016bsu viss.
\nPateicoties uzdevuma veik\u0161anai, apskatot manu lapu un risin\u0101jumu, tika sniegts spriedums, ka algoritms b\u016bs neoptimiz\u0113ts. Es ieteicu, lai interv\u0113t\u0101js uzraksta savu algoritmu, uz ko sa\u0146\u0113mu atbildi: \u00abTas neietilpst intervijas ietvaros\u00bb. Es l\u016bdzu min\u016bti, nedaudz p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101ju kodu un par\u0101d\u012bju, jaut\u0101jot, vai tas tagad b\u016bs \u0101tr\u0101k vai l\u0113n\u0101k? Uz ko sa\u0146\u0113mu atbildi, p\u0101riesim pie n\u0101kam\u0101 jaut\u0101juma. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba bija kod\u0113\u0161anas darb\u012bb\u0101 ar ciklu un bez cikla, un man bija sagatavota atbilde, k\u0101p\u0113c lab\u0101k dar\u012bt t\u0101, nevis \u0161it\u0101. Nu, p\u0113c tam man vairs negrib\u0113j\u0101s atbild\u0113t uz jaut\u0101jumiem un str\u0101d\u0101t ar \u0161o cilv\u0113ku.
\nJ\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101, ka m\u0113s visi esam at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi un kandid\u0101tu var attur\u0113t jebkura lieta, kas jums \u0161\u0137iet nenoz\u012bm\u012bga.
\n \u2014 parasti speci\u0101listiem ar Senior l\u012bmeni skaidri ir aprakst\u012bts darba steks, bet, n\u0113, ir j\u0101s\u0101k uzdot jaut\u0101jumus par l\u012bdz\u012bgu, piem\u0113ram, jums ir rakst\u012bts Ansible, lieliski, bet mums ir Puppet, m\u0113s j\u016bs vienk\u0101r\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c aicin\u0101j\u0101m, nu, past\u0101stiet par Puppet. Lieliski! Vai esat str\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i ar OpenShift? Mums ir K8s, m\u0113s nesaprotam at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas, bet j\u016bsu pieredze nav releventa. Lieliski! <\/p>\n

Ir v\u0113l t\u0101ds apak\u0161kategorija \u2014 es person\u012bgi \u0146emu praktikantus, lai izaudzin\u0101tu vi\u0146us par junioriem.
\nGrib\u0113tos, lai visi saprastu, ka praktikants ir b\u016bt\u012bba, kas v\u0113l nav piln\u012bb\u0101 izveidojusies. Mani briesm\u012bgi baida, kad praktikantus s\u0101k s\u016bt\u012bt uz stipru Junior l\u012bmeni un p\u0113c tam ar apmierin\u0101tu izskatu pied\u0101v\u0101 praksi (da\u017ereiz neapmaks\u0101tu, \u0161ausmas!).
\nT\u0101 nedr\u012bkst.
\nPraktikants, manupr\u0101t, ir vai nu vec\u0101ko kursu students, vai nu k\u0101ds \u013coti v\u0113las \u00abaiziet uz IT\u00bb.
\nAr studentiem viss ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i \u2014 lieliski ir uzzin\u0101t, ko vi\u0146i m\u0101ca universit\u0101t\u0113, ko pa\u0161i dar\u012bju\u0161i, paskat\u012bties, uz k\u0101diem jaut\u0101jumiem iedegas acis \u2014 ja iedegas, pajaut\u0101t, k\u0101p\u0113c tie\u0161i DevOps un ko visp\u0101r par to zina. Sajust cilv\u0113ku un saprast, vai b\u016bs pat\u012bkami ar vi\u0146u turpin\u0101t darboties, vai grib\u0113siet iem\u0101c\u012bt tie\u0161i \u0161o cilv\u0113ku kaut ko.
\nAr tiem, kas v\u0113las \u00abaiziet uz IT\u00bb, viss ir nedaudz stingr\u0101k \u2014 j\u0101paskat\u0101s, cik cilv\u0113ks ir pa\u0161m\u0101c\u012bjies, ko ir izdar\u012bjis pirms nok\u013c\u016b\u0161anas pie jums uz interviju, \u0161eit labs variants b\u016bs apskat\u012bt GitHub, ja t\u0101ds ir, komitu bl\u012bvums un k\u0101di uzdevumi veikti. J\u0101noskaidro ar\u012b, k\u0101p\u0113c tie\u0161i DevOps, jo front-end \u0161\u0137iet jautr\u0101k un izdom\u0101t\u0101k. <\/p>\n

Un, visbeidzot, v\u0113l\u0113tos dot padomu - noskaidrojiet, kur\u0161 jums patie\u0161\u0101m ir vajadz\u012bgs, un j\u016bs acumirkl\u012b atrad\u012bsiet nepiecie\u0161amo cilv\u0113ku. Noskaidrojiet vajadz\u012bbas, apl\u016bkojiet speci\u0101listu k\u0101 speci\u0101listu, atrodiet vi\u0146a stipr\u0101s puses un veiksm\u012bgi izmantojiet t\u0101s sav\u0101 darb\u0101. Esi uzman\u012bgs pret sarun\u0101to, vi\u0146\u0161 ir ieradies pie jums sarun\u0101, nevis sacens\u012bb\u0101s, kur\u0161 kuru uzvar\u0113s vai neuzvar\u0113s.
\n
Avots: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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