{"id":75917,"date":"2020-03-29T13:42:35","date_gmt":"2020-03-29T11:42:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/rukovodstvo-po-aircrack-ng-v-linux-dlya-novichkov"},"modified":"2020-03-29T13:42:35","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T11:42:35","slug":"rukovodstvo-po-aircrack-ng-v-linux-dlya-novichkov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/rukovodstvo-po-aircrack-ng-v-linux-dlya-novichkov","title":{"rendered":"Aircrack-ng rokasgr\u0101mata Linux s\u0101kumposm\u0101","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Sveiki visiem. Pirms kursa uzs\u0101k\u0161anas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/2T7g\/\">\u201eKali Linux praktiskais kurss\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> sagatavoj\u0101m jums interesantas raksta tulkojumu.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Aircrack-ng rokasgr\u0101mata Linux s\u0101kumposm\u0101\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/f794182b2398b8742e8b706f279a857c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u0160odienas rokasgr\u0101mata iepaz\u012bstin\u0101s j\u016bs ar pamatprincipiem, lai uzs\u0101ktu darbu ar pakotni <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>. Protams, nav iesp\u0113jams nodro\u0161in\u0101t visu nepiecie\u0161amo inform\u0101ciju un aptvert katru scen\u0101riju. T\u0101p\u0113c esiet gatavi veikt m\u0101jasdarbus un veikt p\u0113t\u012bjumus patst\u0101v\u012bgi. Taj\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.aircrack-ng.org\/\">foruma<\/a><\/noindex> un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=main\">Viki<\/a><\/noindex> ir daudz papildu pam\u0101c\u012bbu un citas noder\u012bgas inform\u0101cijas.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Lai gan tas nep\u0101rkl\u0101j visus so\u013cus no s\u0101kuma l\u012bdz beig\u0101m, rokasgr\u0101mata <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=simple_wep_crack\">Simple WEP Cracking<\/a><\/noindex> s\u012bk\u0101k izskaidro darbu ar <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>.<\/p>\n<h3>Apr\u012bkojuma iestat\u012b\u0161ana, Aircrack-ng instal\u0113\u0161ana<\/h3>\n<p>\n Pirmais solis, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu pareizu darb\u012bbu <i>aircrack-ng<\/i> j\u016bsu Linux sist\u0113m\u0101 ir atjaunin\u0101\u0161ana un atbilsto\u0161u draiveru uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana j\u016bsu t\u012bkla kart\u0113. Daudzas kartes darbojas ar vair\u0101kiem draiveriem, da\u017eas no t\u0101m nodro\u0161ina nepiecie\u0161amo funkcionalit\u0101ti pakot\u0146u injekcij\u0101m <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>, citas - n\u0113. <\/p>\n<p>Dom\u0101ju, ka nevajag teikt, ka jums nepiecie\u0161ama t\u012bkla karte, kas ir sader\u012bga ar pakotni <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>. Tas ir, aparat\u016bra, kas ir piln\u012bgi sader\u012bga un sp\u0113j veikt pakot\u0146u injekcijas. Ar sader\u012bgu t\u012bkla karti varat uzlauzt bezvadu piek\u013cuves punktu maz\u0101k nek\u0101 stundas laik\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Lai noteiktu, k\u0101dai kategorijai pieder j\u016bsu karte, iepaz\u012bstieties ar lapu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=compatibility_drivers\">aparat\u016bras sader\u012bbas<\/a><\/noindex>. Izlasiet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=compatible_cards\">Pam\u0101c\u012bba: Vai mana bezvadu karte ir sader\u012bga?<\/a><\/noindex>, ja nezin\u0101t, k\u0101 str\u0101d\u0101t ar tabulu. Tom\u0113r tas netrauc\u0113s jums izlas\u012bt rokasgr\u0101matu, kas pal\u012bdz\u0113s jums uzzin\u0101t ko jaunu un p\u0101rbaud\u012bt savu karti.<\/p>\n<p>Pirmk\u0101rt, jums j\u0101saprot, k\u0101ds \u010dipsets tiek izmantots j\u016bsu t\u012bkla kart\u0113 un k\u0101ds draiveris jums nepiecie\u0161ams. Jums tas j\u0101p\u0101rliecina ar iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 punkta inform\u0101ciju. Sada\u013c\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=install_drivers\">drivers<\/a><\/noindex> j\u016bs uzzin\u0101siet, kuri draiveri jums ir nepiecie\u0161ami.<\/p>\n<h3>Aircrack-ng instal\u0101cija<\/h3>\n<p>\n Visjaun\u0101ko aircrack-ng versiju var ieg\u016bt, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=main\">lejupiel\u0101d\u0113jot no galven\u0101s lapas<\/a><\/noindex>, vai ar\u012b varat izmantot test\u0113\u0161anas izplat\u012bjumu, piem\u0113ram, Kali Linux vai Pentoo, kur ir instal\u0113ta jaun\u0101k\u0101 versija. <i>aircrack-ng<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Lai instal\u0113tu aircrack-ng, l\u016bdzu, skatieties <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=install_aircrack\">dokuments instal\u0101cijas lap\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>802.11 IEEE pamati<\/h3>\n<p>\n Labi, tagad, kad viss ir gatavs, ir laiks apst\u0101ties pirms m\u0113s s\u0101kam r\u012bkoties un uzzin\u0101t nedaudz par to, k\u0101 darbojas bezvadu t\u012bkli. <\/p>\n<p>N\u0101kam\u0101 da\u013ca ir svar\u012bga, lai saprastu, k\u0101 r\u012bkoties, ja kaut kas nedarbosies, k\u0101 gaid\u012bts. Sapra\u0161ana par to, k\u0101 viss tas darbojas, pal\u012bdz\u0113s jums atrast probl\u0113mu vai vismaz pareizi to aprakst\u012bt, lai k\u0101ds cits var\u0113tu jums pal\u012bdz\u0113t. \u0160eit viss ir nedaudz sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti, un varb\u016bt jums to v\u0113l\u0113sies izlaist. Tom\u0113r bezvadu t\u012bklu uzlau\u0161anai ir nepiecie\u0161amas zin\u0101\u0161anas, t\u0101p\u0113c uzlau\u0161ana ir nedaudz vair\u0101k nek\u0101 vienk\u0101r\u0161i ierakst\u012bt komandu un \u013caut aircrack dar\u012bt visu j\u016bsu viet\u0101.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u0101 atrast bezvadu t\u012bklu<\/h3>\n<p>\n \u0160\u012b da\u013ca ir \u012bss ievads p\u0101rvald\u012btajos t\u012bklos, kuri str\u0101d\u0101 ar piek\u013cuves punktiem (Access Point, AP). Katrs piek\u013cuves punkts sekund\u0113 nos\u016bta apm\u0113ram 10 t\u0101 d\u0113v\u0113tos B\u012bkona r\u0101mjus (beacon frame). \u0160ie paketi satur sekojo\u0161o inform\u0101ciju:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u012bkla nosaukums (ESSID);<\/li>\n<li>Vai tiek izmantota \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana (un k\u0101da \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana tiek izmantota, ta\u010du \u0146emiet v\u0113r\u0101, ka \u0161\u012b inform\u0101cija var neb\u016bt patiess, jo piek\u013cuves punkts to var nor\u0101d\u012bt);<\/li>\n<li>K\u0101das datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas \u0101trumi tiek atbalst\u012bti (MBit);<\/li>\n<li>Uz k\u0101da kan\u0101la atrodas t\u012bkls.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0160\u012b inform\u0101cija tiek r\u0101d\u012bta r\u012bk\u0101, kas piesl\u0113dzas tie\u0161i \u0161im t\u012bklam. T\u0101 tiek r\u0101d\u012bta, kad j\u016bs at\u013caujat kartei sken\u0113t t\u012bklus, izmantojot <code><code>iwlist &lt;<\/code>interface&gt; scan<\/code> un veicot <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airodump-ng\">airodump-ng<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Katram piek\u013cuves punktam ir unik\u0101ls MAC adrese (48 biti, 6 p\u0101ri se\u0161padsmitnieku ciparu). T\u0101 izskat\u0101s aptuveni \u0161\u0101di: 00:01:23:4A:BC:DE. Katram t\u012bkla ier\u012bcei ir \u0161\u0101da adrese, un t\u012bkla ier\u012bces savstarp\u0113ji mijiedarbojas, izmantojot \u0161o adresi. T\u0101p\u0113c tas ir kaut kas l\u012bdz\u012bgs unik\u0101lam v\u0101rdam. MAC adreses ir unik\u0101las, un nav divu ier\u012b\u010du ar vien\u0101d\u0101m MAC adres\u0113m.<\/p>\n<h3>Pievieno\u0161an\u0101s t\u012bklam<\/h3>\n<p>\nIr vair\u0101ki veidi, k\u0101 piesl\u0113gties bezvadu t\u012bklam. Vairum\u0101 gad\u012bjumu tiek izmantota Open System Authentication. (P\u0113c v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s: ja v\u0113laties uzzin\u0101t vair\u0101k par autentifik\u0101ciju, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/documentation.netgear.com\/reference\/fra\/wireless\/WirelessNetworkingBasics-3-06.html\">izlasiet \u0161o<\/a><\/noindex>.)<\/p>\n<p>Open System Authentication:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Pieprasa piek\u013cuves punkta autentifik\u0101ciju;<\/li>\n<li>Piek\u013cuves punkts atbild: OK, j\u016bs esat autentific\u0113ts.<\/li>\n<li>Pieprasa piek\u013cuves punkta asoci\u0101ciju;<\/li>\n<li>Piek\u013cuves punkts atbild: OK, j\u016bs esat savienots.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0160is ir visvienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101kais gad\u012bjums, bet probl\u0113mas rodas, kad jums nav piek\u013cuves ties\u012bbu, jo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiek izmantots WPA\/WPA2, un jums nepiecie\u0161ama APOL autentifik\u0101cija. Pieeja punkts otraj\u0101 sol\u012b atbild\u0113s noraido\u0161i.<\/li>\n<li>Pieeja punkts ir at\u013cauto klientu (MAC adreses) saraksts un ne\u013caus pievienoties nevienam citam. To sauc par MAC filtr\u0113\u0161anu.<\/li>\n<li>Pieeja punkts izmanto Shared Key autentifik\u0101ciju, tas ir, jums ir j\u0101sniedz pareizais WEP atsl\u0113ga, lai pievienotos. (Skat\u012bt sada\u013cu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=shared_key\">\u201eK\u0101 veikt viltotu autentifik\u0101ciju ar kop\u012bgu atsl\u0113gu?\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> lai uzzin\u0101tu vair\u0101k par to)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vienk\u0101r\u0161a sniffing un uzlau\u0161ana <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>T\u012bklu atkl\u0101\u0161ana<\/h4>\n<p>\nPirmais, kas j\u0101dara, ir atrast potenci\u0101lo m\u0113r\u0137i. Aircrack-ng paket\u0113 tam ir <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airodump-ng\">airodump-ng<\/a><\/noindex>, bet j\u016bs varat izmantot ar\u012b citas programmas, piem\u0113ram, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kismetwireless.net\/\">Kismet<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Pirms t\u012bklu mekl\u0113\u0161anas jums ir j\u0101p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161 sava t\u012bkla karte t\u0101 saucamaj\u0101 \u201euzraudz\u012bbas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101\u201c. Uzraudz\u012bbas re\u017e\u012bms ir \u012bpa\u0161s re\u017e\u012bms, kas \u013cauj j\u016bsu datoram klaus\u012bties t\u012bkla paketes. \u0160is re\u017e\u012bms ar\u012b \u013cauj veikt injekcijas. Par injekcij\u0101m m\u0113s run\u0101sim n\u0101kamreiz.<\/p>\n<p>Lai p\u0101rv\u0113rstu t\u012bkla karti uzraudz\u012bbas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101, izmantojiet <i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airmon-ng\">airmon-ng<\/a><\/noindex><\/i>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">airmon-ng start wlan0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Tad j\u016bs izveidosiet jaunu interfeisu un pievienosiet tam <i>\u201emon\u201c<\/i>. T\u0101tad, <i>wlan0<\/i> b\u016bs <i>wlan0mon<\/i>. Lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu, vai t\u012bkla karte tie\u0161\u0101m atrodas uzraudz\u012bbas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101, izpildiet <code>iwconfig<\/code> un p\u0101rliecinieties par to pa\u0161i. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0113c tam palaidiet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airodump-ng\">airodump-ng<\/a><\/noindex> t\u012bklu mekl\u0113\u0161anai:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">airodump-ng wlan0mon<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ja <i>airodump-ng<\/i> ja nevar\u0113s pievienoties WLAN ier\u012bcei, j\u016bs redz\u0113siet kaut ko l\u012bdz\u012bgu:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Aircrack-ng rokasgr\u0101mata Linux s\u0101kumposm\u0101\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/c554cbdf6f062b0aa7029cc257ac350a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=airodump-ng\">airodump-ng<\/a><\/noindex> l\u0113cienus no kan\u0101la uz kan\u0101lu un par\u0101da visus pieeja punktus, no kuriem tas sa\u0146em bikonus. Kan\u0101li no 1 l\u012bdz 14 tiek izmantoti 802.11 b un g standartiem (ASV at\u013cauts izmantot tikai no 1 l\u012bdz 11; Eirop\u0101 no 1 l\u012bdz 13 ar da\u017eiem iz\u0146\u0113mumiem; Jap\u0101n\u0101 no 1 l\u012bdz 14). 802.11a darbojas 5 GHz diapazon\u0101, un t\u0101 pieejam\u012bba at\u0161\u0137iras da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s valst\u012bs vair\u0101k nek\u0101 2,4 GHz diapazon\u0101. Kopum\u0101 zin\u0101mie kan\u0101li s\u0101kas no 36 (32 da\u017e\u0101s valst\u012bs) l\u012bdz 64 (68 da\u017e\u0101s valst\u012bs) un no 96 l\u012bdz 165. Vikip\u0113dij\u0101 j\u016bs varat atrast s\u012bk\u0101ku inform\u0101ciju par kan\u0101lu pieejam\u012bbu. Linux p\u0101rliecin\u0101s par kan\u0101la p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu\/notur\u0113\u0161anu konkr\u0113t\u0101s valst\u012bs, ko nodro\u0161ina <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wireless.wiki.kernel.org\/en\/developers\/Regulatory\/CRDA\">Central Regulatory Domain Agent<\/a><\/noindex>; tom\u0113r tas ir j\u0101iestata atbilsto\u0161i.<\/p>\n<p>Pa\u0161reiz\u0113jais kan\u0101ls tiek par\u0101d\u012bts kreisaj\u0101 aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101 st\u016br\u012b.<br \/>\nDr\u012bz par\u0101d\u012bsies piek\u013cuves punkti un (cerams) da\u017ei ar tiem saist\u012btie klienti.<br \/>\nAug\u0161\u0113j\u0101 blok\u0101 tiek par\u0101d\u012bti atkl\u0101tie piek\u013cuves punkti:<\/p>\n<p>bssid<br \/>\npiek\u013cuves punkta MAC adrese<\/p>\n<p>pwr<br \/>\nsign\u0101la kvalit\u0101te, kad kan\u0101ls ir izv\u0113l\u0113ts <\/p>\n<p>pwr<br \/>\nsign\u0101la stiprums. Da\u017ei draiveri to nezi\u0146o.<\/p>\n<p>beacons<br \/>\nsa\u0146emto b\u012bkonu skaits. Ja jums nav sign\u0101la stipruma r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ja, j\u016bs varat to izm\u0113r\u012bt b\u012bkonos: jo vair\u0101k b\u012bkonu, jo lab\u0101ks sign\u0101ls.<\/p>\n<p>data<br \/>\nsa\u0146emto datu freku\u0146u skaits<\/p>\n<p>ch<br \/>\nkan\u0101ls, kur\u0101 darbojas piek\u013cuves punkts<\/p>\n<p>mb<br \/>\npiek\u013cuves punkta \u0101trums vai re\u017e\u012bms. 11 \u2013 tas ir t\u012brs 802.11b, 54 \u2013 tas ir t\u012brs 802.11g. V\u0113rt\u012bbas starp \u0161iem diviem ir mais\u012bjums.<\/p>\n<p>enc<br \/>\n\u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana: opn: nav \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas, wep: wep \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana, wpa: wpa vai wpa2, wep?: wep vai wpa (pagaid\u0101m neskaidrs)<\/p>\n<p>essid<br \/>\nt\u012bkla nosaukums, da\u017ereiz sl\u0113pts<\/p>\n<p>Apak\u0161\u0113j\u0101 blok\u0101 tiek par\u0101d\u012bti atkl\u0101tie klienti:<\/p>\n<p>bssid<br \/>\nMAC adrese, ar kuru klients asoci\u0113jas pie \u0161\u012b piek\u013cuves punkta<\/p>\n<p>station<br \/>\npa\u0161a klienta MAC adrese<\/p>\n<p>pwr<br \/>\nsign\u0101la stiprums. Da\u017ei draiveri to nezi\u0146o.<\/p>\n<p>packets<br \/>\nsa\u0146emto datu freku\u0146u skaits<\/p>\n<p>probes<br \/>\nt\u012bklu nosaukumi (essid), kurus \u0161is klients jau ir p\u0101rbaud\u012bjis<\/p>\n<p>Tagad jums j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bba m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgajai t\u012bkla. Tam j\u0101b\u016bt savienotam vismaz ar vienu klientu, jo t\u012bklu uzlau\u0161ana bez klientiem ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101ka t\u0113ma (skat. sada\u013cu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=how_to_crack_wep_with_no_clients\">K\u0101 uzlauzt WEP bez klientiem<\/a><\/noindex>). Tam j\u0101izmanto WEP \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana un j\u0101b\u016bt labam sign\u0101lam. Iesp\u0113jams, ka j\u016bs varat main\u012bt antenas novietojumu, lai uzlabotu sign\u0101la uztveri. Da\u017ereiz sign\u0101la stiprumam da\u017eas centimetri var izr\u0101d\u012bties iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161i.<\/p>\n<p>Iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 piem\u0113r\u0101 ir t\u012bkls 00:01:02:03:04:05. Tas izr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s vien\u012bgais iesp\u0113jamais m\u0113r\u0137is, jo tikai tam ir pievienots klients. Un tam ir labs sign\u0101ls, t\u0101p\u0113c tas ir piem\u0113rots m\u0113r\u0137is praksei.<\/p>\n<h3>Inici\u0101cijas Vektoru Sn\u012bpo\u0161ana<\/h3>\n<p>\n D\u0113\u013c l\u0113cieniem starp kan\u0101liem j\u016bs nesan\u0101ks p\u0101rtvert visus paketes no m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bg\u0101 t\u012bkla. T\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s v\u0113lamies klaus\u012bties tikai vien\u0101 kan\u0101l\u0101 un papildu ierakst\u012bt visus datus disk\u0101, lai v\u0113l\u0101k tos var\u0113tu izmantot uzlau\u0161anai:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">airodump-ng -c 11 --bssid 00:01:02:03:04:05 -w dump wlan0mon<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Ar parametru <code>-c<\/code> j\u016bs izv\u0113laties kan\u0101lu, bet parametrs p\u0113c <code>-w<\/code> ir t\u012bkla datu dumpu prefikss, kas ierakst\u012bts disk\u0101. Karogs <code>\u2013bssid<\/code> kop\u0101 ar piek\u013cuves punkta MAC adresi ierobe\u017eo paketes sa\u0146em\u0161anu l\u012bdz vienam piek\u013cuves punktam. Karogs <code>\u2013bssid<\/code> ir pieejams tikai jaun\u0101kaj\u0101s versij\u0101s <i>airodump-ng<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Pirms WEP uzlau\u0161anas jums b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ami no 40 000 l\u012bdz 85 000 da\u017e\u0101du inicializ\u0101cijas vektoru (Initialization Vector, IV). Katrs datu pakets satur inicializ\u0101cijas vektoru. Tos var atk\u0101rtoti izmantot, t\u0101p\u0113c inicializ\u0101cijas vektoru skaits parasti ir nedaudz maz\u0101ks par no\u0137erto pake\u0161u skaitu. <br \/>\n T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di jums n\u0101ksies gaid\u012bt, lai no\u0137ertu no 40k l\u012bdz 85k datu pake\u0161u (ar IV). Ja t\u012bkls nav noslogots, tas pras\u012bs \u013coti daudz laika. J\u016bs varat pa\u0101trin\u0101t \u0161o procesu, izmantojot akt\u012bvu uzbrukumu (vai atk\u0101rtota atska\u0146ojuma uzbrukumu). Par to m\u0113s run\u0101sim n\u0101kamaj\u0101 sada\u013c\u0101.<\/p>\n<h3>Hacking<\/h3>\n<p>\n Ja jums jau ir pietiekami daudz no\u0137ertu inicializ\u0101cijas vektoru, kas glab\u0101jas vien\u0101 vai vair\u0101kos failos, j\u016bs varat m\u0113\u0123in\u0101t uzlauzt WEP atsl\u0113gu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aircrack-ng -b 00:01:02:03:04:05 dump-01.cap<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> MAC adrese p\u0113c karoga <code>-b<\/code> \u2013 ir m\u0113r\u0137a BSSID, bet <code>dump-01.cap<\/code> \u2013 ir fails, kas satur no\u0137ertas paketes. J\u016bs varat izmantot vair\u0101kus failus, vienk\u0101r\u0161i pievienojot visus failu nosaukumus komandai vai izmantojot aizvieto\u0161anas simbolu, piem\u0113ram, <code>dump*.cap<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Vair\u0101k inform\u0101cijas par iestat\u012bjumiem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=aircrack-ng\">aircrack-ng<\/a><\/noindex>, izvadi un lieto\u0161anu j\u016bs varat ieg\u016bt no <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=aircrack-ng\">rokasgr\u0101mat\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>Nepiecie\u0161amo inicializ\u0101cijas vektoru skaits atsl\u0113gas uzlau\u0161anai nav ierobe\u017eots. Tas t\u0101 notiek, jo da\u017ei vektori ir v\u0101j\u0101ki un nodod vair\u0101k inform\u0101cijas par atsl\u0113gu nek\u0101 citi. Parasti \u0161ie inicializ\u0101cijas vektori tiek sajaukti ar sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101kiem. T\u0101tad, ja jums paveicas, j\u016bs varat uzlauzt atsl\u0113gu, izmantojot tikai 20 000 inicializ\u0101cijas vektoru. Tom\u0113r bie\u017ei pat tas ir par maz, <i>aircrack-ng<\/i> to var darboties ilgi (ned\u0113\u013cu vai vair\u0101k, ja k\u013c\u016bdu procentu\u0101lais daudzums ir augsts), un tad tas var jums pateikt, ka atsl\u0113gu nevar uzlauzt. Jo vair\u0101k jums ir inicializ\u0101cijas vektoru, jo \u0101tr\u0101k var notikt uzlau\u0161ana, un parasti tas notiek da\u017eu min\u016b\u0161u vai pat sekun\u017eu laik\u0101. Pieredze r\u0101da, ka atsl\u0113gas uzlau\u0161anai pietiek ar 40 000 \u2013 85 000 vektoriem.<\/p>\n<p> Ir progres\u012bv\u0101kas piek\u013cuves punktu, kas izmanto speci\u0101lus algoritmus, lai filtr\u0113tu v\u0101jos inicializ\u0101cijas vektorus. T\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 j\u016bs nevarat ieg\u016bt vair\u0101k par N vektoriem no piek\u013cuves punkta, vai ar\u012b jums vajadz\u0113s miljonus vektoru (piem\u0113ram, 5-7 miljonus), lai uzlauztu atsl\u0113gu. J\u016bs varat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.aircrack-ng.org\/\">izlasi forum\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>, ko dar\u012bt \u0161\u0101d\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s.<\/p>\n<p>Akt\u012bvie uzbrukumi<br \/>\n Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca ier\u012b\u010du neatbalsta injekcijas, vismaz bez modific\u0113tiem draiveriem. Da\u017eas atbalsta tikai noteiktus uzbrukumus. Sazinieties ar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=compatibility_drivers\">sader\u012bbas lapu<\/a><\/noindex> un skatiet kolonu <i>aireplay<\/i>. Da\u017ereiz \u0161\u012b tabula nesniedz aktu\u0101lu inform\u0101ciju, t\u0101p\u0113c, ja redzat v\u0101rdu <i>\u201cN\u0112\u201d<\/i> pret\u012b j\u016bsu draiverim, neuztraucieties, lab\u0101k apskatiet draivera s\u0101kumlapu vai draiveru pastkast\u012bti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.aircrack-ng.org\/\">m\u016bsu forum\u0101.<\/a><\/noindex>. Ja esat veiksm\u012bgi atk\u0101rtojis procesa izpildi ar draiveri, kas nav nor\u0101d\u012bts sader\u012bgiem, nebaidieties pied\u0101v\u0101t izmai\u0146as sader\u012bbas lapas tabul\u0101 un pievienot saiti uz \u012bso ce\u013cvedi. (Tam ir nepiecie\u0161ama wiki konta piepras\u012b\u0161ana IRC.)<\/p>\n<p>Vispirms ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina, ka paketu injekcijas tie\u0161\u0101m darbojas ar j\u016bsu t\u012bkla karti un draiveri. Vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101kais veids, k\u0101 to p\u0101rbaud\u012bt, ir veikt test\u0113\u0161anas injekcijas uzbrukumu. Pirms turpin\u0101t, p\u0101rliecinieties, ka esat iztur\u0113jis \u0161o testu. J\u016bsu kartei j\u0101sp\u0113j ievietot injekcijas, lai j\u016bs var\u0113tu veikt n\u0101kamos so\u013cus.<\/p>\n<p>Jums b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ams BSSID (MAC adrese piek\u013cuves punkta) un ESSID (t\u012bkla nosaukums) piek\u013cuves punktam, kur\u0161 veic MAC adre\u0161u filtr\u0101ciju (piem\u0113ram, j\u016bsu pa\u0161a), un kas atrodas pieejam\u0101 diapazon\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0113\u0123iniet piesl\u0113gties piek\u013cuves punktam, izmantojot <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=aireplay-ng\">aireplay-ng<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aireplay-ng --fakeauth 0 -e \"j\u016bsu t\u012bkla ESSID\" -a 00:01:02:03:04:05 wlan0mon<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> V\u0113rt\u012bba p\u0113c <code>-s<\/code> b\u016bs j\u016bsu piek\u013cuves punkta BSSID.<br \/>\n Injekcija darboj\u0101s, ja redzat kaut ko l\u012bdz\u012bgu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">12:14:06  S\u016bt\u012b\u0161ana autentifik\u0101cijas piepras\u012bjumam\n12:14:06  Autentifik\u0101cija veiksm\u012bga\n12:14:06  S\u016bt\u012b\u0161ana asoci\u0101cijas piepras\u012bjumam\n12:14:07  Asoci\u0101cija veiksm\u012bga :-)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> Ja n\u0113:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0101rbaudiet ESSID un BSSID precizit\u0101ti;<\/li>\n<li>P\u0101rliecinieties, ka piek\u013cuves punkt\u0101 ir atsp\u0113jota MAC adre\u0161u filtr\u0101cija;<\/li>\n<li>M\u0113\u0123iniet to pa\u0161u cit\u0101 piek\u013cuves punkt\u0101;<\/li>\n<li>P\u0101rliecinieties, ka j\u016bsu draiveris ir pareizi konfigur\u0113ts un atbalst\u012bts;<\/li>\n<li>Viet\u0101 \"0\" m\u0113\u0123iniet \"6000 -o 1 -q 10\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>ARP atk\u0101rtojums <\/h3>\n<p>\nTagad, kad m\u0113s zin\u0101m, ka paketu injekcijas darbojas, m\u0113s varam veikt kaut ko, kas iev\u0113rojami pa\u0101trina inicializ\u0101cijas vektoru uz\u0146em\u0161anu: injekciju uzbrukumi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=arp-request_reinjection\">ARP piepras\u012bjumiem<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Pamatideja<\/h3>\n<p>\nVienk\u0101r\u0161iem v\u0101rdiem sakot, ARP darbojas, nos\u016btot pla\u0161sazi\u0146as piepras\u012bjumu uz IP adresi, un ier\u012bce ar \u0161o IP adresi atgrie\u017e atbildi. T\u0101 k\u0101 WEP nenodro\u0161ina aizsardz\u012bbu pret atk\u0101rto\u0161anas uzbrukumiem, j\u016bs varat uzp\u016bst paketi un nos\u016bt\u012bt to atk\u0101rtoti, kam\u0113r t\u0101 ir der\u012bga. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di jums vienk\u0101r\u0161i j\u0101sagatavo un j\u0101atk\u0101rto ARP piepras\u012bjums, ko nos\u016bta piek\u013cuves punkts, lai rad\u012btu trafiku (un ieg\u016btu s\u0101kotn\u0113jo vektoru).<\/p>\n<h3>T\u012bkla pieeja<\/h3>\n<p>\nVispirms atveriet logu ar <i>airodump-ng<\/i>, kas uzrauga trafiku (skat\u012bt iepriek\u0161). <i>Aireplay-ng<\/i> un <i>airodump-ng<\/i> var darboties vienlaikus. Gaidi, l\u012bdz klients par\u0101d\u0101s m\u0113r\u0137a t\u012bkl\u0101, un s\u0101c uzbrukumu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 00:01:02:03:04:05 -h 00:04:05:06:07:08 wlan0mon<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>-b<\/code> nor\u0101da uz m\u0113r\u0137a BSSID, <code>-h<\/code> uz pievienot\u0101 klienta MAC adresi.<\/p>\n<p>Tagad jums j\u0101pagaida, kad sa\u0146emsiet ARP paketi. Parasti j\u0101gaida da\u017eas min\u016btes (vai izlasiet rakstu l\u012bdz galam). <br \/>\nJa jums paveiksies, j\u016bs redz\u0113siet kaut ko l\u012bdz\u012bgu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Saglabojot ARP piepras\u012bjumus replay_arp-0627-121526.cap\nJums ar\u012b j\u0101s\u0101k airodump, lai nofiks\u0113tu atbildes.\nIzlas\u012bts 2493 paket\u0113m (sa\u0146emti 1 ARP piepras\u012bjumi), nos\u016bt\u012bti 1305 paketes...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ja jums nepiecie\u0161ams p\u0101rtraukt atk\u0101rto\u0161anu, tad nav j\u0101gaida, kad par\u0101d\u0101s n\u0101kam\u0101 ARP pakete, j\u016bs varat vienk\u0101r\u0161i izmantot iepriek\u0161 no\u0137ert\u0101s paketes ar parametru <code>-r<\/code> <code><code>&lt;<\/code>faila_nosaukums&gt;<\/code>.<br \/>\nIzmantojot ARP injekcijas, j\u016bs varat izmantot PTW metodi WEP atsl\u0113gas uzlau\u0161anai. Tas b\u016btiski samazina nepiecie\u0161amo paketes skaitu un l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b laiku uzlau\u0161anai. Jums j\u0101no\u0137er pilna pakete, izmantojot <i>airodump-ng<\/i>, proti, neizmantojot opciju <code>\u201c--ivs\u201d<\/code> paveicot komandu. Par <i>aircrack-ng<\/i> izmantojiet <code><code>\u201caircrack -z &lt;<\/code>faila_nosaukums&gt;\u201d<\/code>. (PTW \u2013 noklus\u0113juma uzbrukuma veids)<\/p>\n<p>Ja sa\u0146emto datu paketes skaits <i>airodump-ng<\/i> p\u0101rst\u0101j palielin\u0101ties, iesp\u0113jams, jums b\u016bs j\u0101samazina atk\u0101rto\u0161anas \u0101trums. Veiciet to ar parametru <code>-x<\/code> <code><code>&lt;<\/code>paketes sekund\u0113&gt;<\/code>. Es parasti s\u0101ku ar 50 un samazinu, kam\u0113r paketes atkal s\u0101k pl\u016bst nep\u0101rtraukti. Jums var ar\u012b pal\u012bdz\u0113t main\u012bt antenas novietojumu. <\/p>\n<h3>Agres\u012bva pieeja<\/h3>\n<p>\n Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mu not\u012bra ARP ke\u0161u pie atsl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s. Ja p\u0113c atk\u0101rtotas piesl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s ir j\u0101nos\u016bta n\u0101kam\u0101 pakete (vai vienk\u0101r\u0161i j\u0101izmanto DHCP), t\u0101s nos\u016bta ARP piepras\u012bjumu. K\u0101 blakus efekts j\u016bs varat uzraudz\u012bt ESSID un, iesp\u0113jams, keystream atk\u0101rtotas piesl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s laik\u0101. Tas ir \u012bpa\u0161i noder\u012bgi, ja j\u016bsu m\u0113r\u0137a ESSID ir sl\u0113pts vai ja tas izmanto kop\u012bgo atsl\u0113gu autentifik\u0101ciju.<br \/>\n Lai <i>airodump-ng<\/i> un <i>aireplay-ng<\/i> darbojas. Atveriet v\u0113l vienu logu un uzs\u0101ciet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=deauthentication\">deautentifik\u0101cijas uzbrukumu<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p> \u0160eit <code>-a<\/code> \u2013 tas ir piek\u013cuves punkta BSSID, <code>-c<\/code> izv\u0113l\u0113t\u0101 klienta MAC adrese.<br \/>\n Uzgaidiet da\u017eas sekundes un ARP replay s\u0101ks darboties.<br \/>\n Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca klientu autom\u0101tiski cen\u0161as atjaunot savienojumu. Ta\u010du risks, ka k\u0101ds paman\u012bs \u0161o uzbrukumu, vai vismaz piev\u0113rs\u012bs uzman\u012bbu tam, kas notiek WLAN, ir augst\u0101ks nek\u0101 citu uzbrukumu gad\u012bjum\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Vair\u0101k r\u012bku un inform\u0101cijas par tiem j\u016bs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircrack-ng.org\/doku.php?id=tutorial\">atrad\u012bsiet \u0161eit<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/2T7g\/\">Teorija un prakse ClickHouse izmanto\u0161an\u0101 re\u0101l\u0101s lietojumprogramm\u0101s. Aleksandrs Zaitsevs (2018.g.)<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/494356\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043c \u043f\u043e Kali Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c aircrack-ng. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 Wiki \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":75918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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