{"id":86480,"date":"2020-06-25T19:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T17:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/soedinite-s-uspehom"},"modified":"2020-06-25T19:42:06","modified_gmt":"2020-06-25T17:42:06","slug":"soedinite-s-uspehom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/soedinite-s-uspehom","title":{"rendered":"Savienojiet. Veiksm\u012bgi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tradicion\u0101lie datu p\u0101rraides kan\u0101li turpin\u0101s pild\u012bt savu funkciju gadiem ilgi, tom\u0113r tie k\u013c\u016bst pie\u0146emami par cenu tikai bl\u012bvi apdz\u012bvot\u0101s teritorij\u0101s. Cit\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s ir nepiecie\u0161ami citi risin\u0101jumi, kas var nodro\u0161in\u0101t uzticamu \u0101trgaitas savienojumu par sapr\u0101t\u012bgu cenu.
\nNo \u0161\u012b raksta j\u016bs uzzin\u0101siet, k\u0101 risin\u0101t sakaru probl\u0113mas tur, kur tradicion\u0101lie kan\u0101li ir d\u0101rgi vai nepieejami. K\u0101di risin\u0101jumu veidi past\u0101v, ar ko tie at\u0161\u0137iras un k\u0101 izv\u0113l\u0113ties nepiecie\u0161amo konkr\u0113tajai situ\u0101cijai.<\/p>\n

\"Savienojiet.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Past\u0101v vair\u0101ki tehnolo\u0123iju veidi, kas pretend\u0113 uz sakaru probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anu tur, kur tradicion\u0101lie sakaru kan\u0101li ir neeso\u0161i vai ekonomiski nevajadz\u012bgi. L\u012bdzsvarot\u0101ji, agregatori un summatori no pirm\u0101 skatiena veic vienu un to pa\u0161u, tom\u0113r b\u016btiski at\u0161\u0137iras p\u0113c probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anas kvalit\u0101tes. Apskat\u012bsim tuv\u0101k.<\/p>\n

L\u012bdzsvarot\u0101ji<\/h3>\n

\nVienlaic\u012bgi darbojas jebk\u0101ds viens kan\u0101ls. Tas risina uzticam\u012bbas jaut\u0101jumu, nodro\u0161inot rezerves, ta\u010du nenodro\u0161ina \u0101truma pieaugumu. Turkl\u0101t liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca l\u012bdzsvarot\u0101ju nep\u0101rbauda, kur\u0161 kan\u0101ls ir \u0101tr\u0101ks un vienk\u0101r\u0161i p\u0101rsl\u0113dzas uz to, kur\u0161 darbojas. 80% tirg\u016b pied\u0101v\u0101to risin\u0101jumu, kas izmanto vair\u0101kas SIM kartes, ir \u0161\u0101di l\u012bdzsvarot\u0101ji \u2013 ja viena kan\u0101la savienojums paz\u016bd, tas autom\u0101tiski p\u0101rsl\u0113dz savienojumu uz citu. <\/p>\n

\"Savienojiet.
\n
\nPast\u0101v atsevi\u0161\u0137a p\u0101rejas klase starp l\u012bdzsvarot\u0101ju un agregatoru. \u0100trums vair\u0101kos kan\u0101los, piem\u0113ram, no vair\u0101kiem lietot\u0101jiem vienlaic\u012bgi, b\u016bs augst\u0101ks nek\u0101 jebkur\u0101 vien\u0101. \u0160\u0101ds pieg\u0101jiens, pareizi \u012bstenojot, pat neprasa datu pl\u016bsmas termin\u0113\u0161anas infrastrukt\u016bru un ir pla\u0161i izmantots l\u0113tu mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ju klas\u0113. Risin\u0101jums sp\u0113j nodro\u0161in\u0101t kopum\u0101 augstu \u0101trumu, bet katrs atsevi\u0161\u0137s lietot\u0101js sa\u0146ems \u0101trumu, kas ir pieejams tikai caur vienu kan\u0101lu. Lejupiel\u0101d\u0113t torrentus uz \u0161\u0101das ier\u012bces ir \u013coti \u0113rti.<\/p>\n

Risin\u0101m\u0101 probl\u0113ma<\/b><\/p>\n

Uzticam\u012bbas paaugstin\u0101\u0161ana. Datu p\u0101rraides kan\u0101lu rezerv\u0113\u0161ana. <\/p>\n

Galven\u0101 iez\u012bme<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. P\u0101rsl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s \u0101trums no nedarbojo\u0161\u0101 kan\u0101la uz darba kan\u0101lu. Jo \u0101tr\u0101k ier\u012bce saprot, ka viens kan\u0101ls nedarbojas un j\u0101izv\u0113las cits \u2013 jo lab\u0101k.<\/li>\n
  2. Priorit\u0101te darbam ar visstrauj\u0101ko kan\u0101lu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nPriek\u0161roc\u012bbas<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ier\u012bces cena. Visl\u0113t\u0101kais risin\u0101jums tirg\u016b.<\/li>\n
    2. Neprasa starpniec\u012bbas infrastrukt\u016bru satiksmes termin\u0113\u0161anai<\/li>\n
    3. Nepiecie\u0161ama kvalific\u0113tu darbinieku izmanto\u0161anai un apkopei<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nM\u012bnusi<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Nav kvalit\u0101tes p\u0101rbaudes kan\u0101lam. Ier\u012bce var p\u0101rsl\u0113gties uz kan\u0101lu ar viduv\u0113ju savienojumu, kam\u0113r blakus eso\u0161ais kan\u0101ls ir daudz \u0101tr\u0101ks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \nM\u0113r\u0137a izmanto\u0161ana<\/b><\/p>\n

        Servisi, kuros nepietiekama datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas \u0101truma un kuri ir gatavi \u012bslaic\u012bgai d\u012bkst\u0101vei<\/p>\n

        Agregatori<\/h3>\n

        \n\u0160is termins ir c\u0113lies no ang\u013cu valodas v\u0101rda aggregate. Datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas sist\u0113mu kontekst\u0101 tas tiek izmantots \u013coti ilgu laiku un attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz risin\u0101jumiem, kas apvieno fiziskos vadu un optiskos datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas kan\u0101lus. <\/p>\n

        Tie ir progres\u012bv\u0101kas sist\u0113mas sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar slodzes balans\u0113t\u0101jiem \u2013 t\u0101s izmanto vienlaic\u012bgi vair\u0101kus datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas kan\u0101lus. Caurs katru kan\u0101lu tiek izveidots savienojums ar starpserveri, kur datu pl\u016bsma tiek apvienota un t\u0101l\u0101k nos\u016bt\u012bta m\u0113r\u0137a servisam. T\u0101p\u0113c, ja paz\u016bd pat vair\u0101ki kan\u0101li, datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161ana neapst\u0101jas. Te nav j\u0113gas p\u0101rsl\u0113gties no viena kan\u0101la uz citu. T\u0101pat j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bba tam, ka bezvadu datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas kan\u0101los, pret\u0113ji izplat\u012btajam uzskatam, liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca \u0161\u0101du risin\u0101jumu nepalielina \u0101trumu vai palielina to nenoz\u012bm\u012bgi. Piem\u0113ram, 4 kan\u0101li ar 10 Mbit\/s kop\u0101 b\u016btu j\u0101sniedz 40 Mbit, tom\u0113r agregatori L3 tunel\u012b sniegs apm\u0113ram 12-18. Tie ir maksim\u0101lie \u0101truma pieauguma r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji ide\u0101los apst\u0101k\u013cos. Tas notiek lielas nevienm\u0113r\u012bgas entropijas d\u0113\u013c kan\u0101los. Nav triviala uzdevums apvienot kan\u0101lus ar at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgu caurlaidsp\u0113ju, un galvenais, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101m aizkav\u0113\u0161an\u0101s laik\u0101m. <\/p>\n

        Tas noteikti ir lab\u0101k nek\u0101 desmit, bet iev\u0113rojami maz\u0101k nek\u0101 gaid\u012btie \u010detrdesmit. Negod\u012bgi ra\u017eot\u0101ji cen\u0161as sl\u0113pt \u0161o tr\u016bkumu, izmantojot proksi servera un avota adreses nomai\u0146u. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 \u0101trums pieaug vair\u0101kas reizes, tom\u0113r tas darbojas tikai tad, ja savienojums tiek inici\u0113ts no ier\u012bces puses. Ja savienojumu m\u0113\u0123ina izveidot no \u0101r\u0113j\u0101 pasaules, \u0161is triks vairs nedarbosies. Ja v\u0113laties apvienot divas t\u012bkla, piem\u0113ram, tirdzniec\u012bbas punktu ar galveno biroju vai vilcienu ar centr\u0101lo t\u012bklu \u2013 agregators nesaskarsies ar uzdevumu, jo \u0101trums uz ier\u012bci b\u016bs desmit reizes maz\u0101ks nek\u0101 no ier\u012bces. Turkl\u0101t, ja to lieto sakaru operatoru t\u012bklos, \u0161\u0101das manipul\u0101cijas noteikti rad\u012bs jaut\u0101jumus no regul\u0113jo\u0161aj\u0101m iest\u0101d\u0113m attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz operat\u012bvo izl\u016bko\u0161anas pas\u0101kumu (SORP) sist\u0113mu.<\/p>\n

        Bezvadu datu p\u0101rraides kan\u0101lu agreg\u0101cijas risin\u0101jumi ir sam\u0113r\u0101 vienk\u0101r\u0161i, neprasa invest\u012bcijas zin\u0101tniskos p\u0113t\u012bjumos. Gandr\u012bz visi tie satur sav\u0101 pamat\u0101 tikai gatavas pla\u0161i aprakst\u012btas Open Source risin\u0101jumus. Ra\u017eot\u0101ji dod priek\u0161roku izveidot vienk\u0101r\u0161u WEB saskarni un izdot to par novatorisku izstr\u0101di. \u0160\u0101ds pieejas veids ir \u013coti izplat\u012bts Krievij\u0101.<\/p>\n

        \"Savienojiet.
        \n
        \nRisin\u0101m\u0101 probl\u0113ma<\/b>
        \nUzticam\u012bbas paaugstin\u0101\u0161ana. Neliels \u0101truma pieaugums.<\/p>\n

        Galven\u0101 iez\u012bme<\/b>
        \nAgreg\u0113jamo kan\u0101lu utiliz\u0101cija. Vid\u0113j\u0101 maksim\u0101l\u0101 datu p\u0101rraides \u0101trums. <\/p>\n

        M\u012bnusi<\/b><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ier\u012bces cena. Daudz d\u0101rg\u0101ka nek\u0101 parastie balans\u0113t\u0101ji.<\/li>\n
        2. Izmai\u0146as ikm\u0113ne\u0161a maks\u0101jumos, jo prasa starp infrastruk\u016bru, kas termin\u0113 trafiku.<\/li>\n
        3. Apkopei nepiecie\u0161ams speci\u0101li apm\u0101c\u012bts tehniskais person\u0101ls.<\/li>\n
        4. Zema datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas kan\u0101lu utiliz\u0101cija L3 tunel\u012b.<\/li>\n
        5. Proksi izmanto\u0161anaserveriem<\/a> nodro\u0161ina asimetrisku t\u012bklu un adres\u0101ciju.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \nPriek\u0161roc\u012bbas<\/b><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u013boti labi risina datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas kan\u0101lu rezerv\u0113\u0161anas uzdevumu.<\/li>\n
          2. Proksi servera izmanto\u0161ana nodro\u0161ina augstu datu p\u0101rraides \u0101trumu, ja savienojums tiek inici\u0113ts no ier\u012bces puses.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            M\u0113r\u0137a izmanto\u0161ana<\/b>
            \nServisi, kuriem nepiecie\u0161ama stabila sazi\u0146a, neprasa L3 tuneli. Priv\u0101tm\u0101js, vienk\u0101r\u0161as topolo\u0123ijas, kas neprasa simetrisku t\u012bklu. Neattiecas uz r\u016bpnieciskaj\u0101m iek\u0101rt\u0101m un sakaru operatoru t\u012bkliem. <\/p>\n

            Summatori<\/h3>\n

            \n\u0160\u012b defin\u012bcija datu p\u0101rvades kan\u0101lu kontekst\u0101 Krievij\u0101 par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s tikai pirms da\u017eiem gadiem. \u0160ie risin\u0101jumi ir \u013coti l\u012bdz\u012bgi agregatoriem, bet joproj\u0101m b\u016btiski at\u0161\u0137iras, jo saglab\u0101 visus to plusus, bet ir bez visiem to tr\u016bkumiem. <\/p>\n

            \"Savienojiet.
            \n
            \n             S\u012bk\u0101ka sh\u0113ma un darb\u012bbas princips<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

            Ja nepiecie\u0161ams \u0161ifru no pa\u0161a ier\u012bces l\u012bdz termin\u0113\u0161anas serverim \u2013 \u0161\u012b iesp\u0113ja, t\u0101pat k\u0101 saspie\u0161ana re\u0101laj\u0101 laik\u0101, ir pieejama tirg\u016b pieaugu\u0161\u0101m tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m.<\/p>\n

            L3 tunel\u0113m datu p\u0101rvades kan\u0101lu utiliz\u0101cija summatoriem ir apm\u0113ram 90%. Piem\u0113ram, viet\u0101s, kur agregators nodro\u0161in\u0101s 40 Mbit\/s, summators dro\u0161i nodro\u0161in\u0101s 70 Mbit\/s. T\u0101p\u0113c to d\u0113v\u0113 par summatoru. T\u0101 ir \u013coti sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta uzdevums, un tas prasa nopietnus zin\u0101tniskus p\u0113t\u012bjumus.
            \nVeiksm\u012bga L3 tunela \u0101truma palielin\u0101\u0161ana nodro\u0161ina gludu t\u012bkla topolo\u0123iju bez \"\u012bpatn\u012bb\u0101m\".<\/p>\n

            At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no agregatoriem, summatori nav ierobe\u017eoti lieto\u0161anas jom\u0101. Tos var izmantot jebk\u0101da veida datu p\u0101rvades kan\u0101los un jebkur\u0101 t\u012bkla topolo\u0123ij\u0101. T\u012bkls, ko rada summators, ir piln\u012bb\u0101 standartiz\u0113ts un, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no agregatoriem, t\u0101s ekspluat\u0101cija nerad\u012bs jaut\u0101jumus no regul\u0113jo\u0161\u0101m iest\u0101d\u0113m un nesniedz sl\u0113pt\u0101s probl\u0113mas.<\/p>\n

            Risin\u0101m\u0101 probl\u0113ma<\/b>
            \nUzticam\u012bbas palielin\u0101\u0161ana. Daudzreiz\u0113js \u0101truma pieaugums.<\/p>\n

            Galven\u0101 iez\u012bme<\/b>
            \nAgreg\u0113jamo kan\u0101lu utiliz\u0101cija. Vid\u0113j\u0101 maksim\u0101l\u0101 datu p\u0101rraides \u0101trums. <\/p>\n

            M\u012bnusi<\/b><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Past\u0101v\u012bgi maks\u0101jumi, jo tas prasa starp\u012bbas termin\u0113\u0161anas infrastrukt\u016bru.<\/li>\n
            2. Cena ir sal\u012bdzin\u0101ma ar agregatora cenu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \nPriek\u0161roc\u012bbas<\/b><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Augsti efekt\u012bvs risin\u0101jums datu p\u0101rvades kan\u0101lu rezerves nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai. <\/li>\n
              2. Daudzreiz\u0113js \u0101truma un caurlaides sp\u0113jas pieaugums L3 tunel\u012b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                M\u0113r\u0137a izmanto\u0161ana<\/b>
                \nKomercijas, r\u016bpniec\u012bbas un valsts pakalpojumi, kuriem nepiecie\u0161ama augsta \u0101truma un uzticam\u012bbas datu p\u0101rvade. Lieto\u0161anas ierobe\u017eojumu nav.<\/p>\n

                Kompleksais risin\u0101jums<\/h3>\n

                \nUzticam\u012bbas un caurlaides palielin\u0101\u0161anas tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m, iz\u0146emot savu galveno funkciju, j\u0101b\u016bt viegli p\u0101rvald\u0101m\u0101m un papla\u0161in\u0101m\u0101m, b\u016bt komplekso risin\u0101jumu gala lietot\u0101ja probl\u0113m\u0101m un nedr\u012bkst risin\u0101t uzdevumu fragment\u0101ri, p\u0101rliekot liel\u0101ko da\u013cu infrastrukt\u016bras un ekspluat\u0101cijas uzdevumu uz pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja kompetenc\u0113m. <\/p>\n

                Kas nepiecie\u0161ams, lai risin\u0101jums b\u016btu komplekss?<\/p>\n

                1. Vienota t\u012bkla p\u0101rvald\u012bbas sist\u0113ma<\/b>
                \nT\u0101 sniedz iesp\u0113ju p\u0101rvald\u012bt visus t\u012bkla ier\u012bces - centraliz\u0113ti atjaunin\u0101t programmat\u016bru un konfigur\u0101ciju, izsist br\u012bdin\u0101jumus un av\u0101rijas, l\u012bdzsvarot slodzi uz t\u012bklu. Caursp\u012bd\u012bgi p\u0101rvald\u012bt visas katras ier\u012bces funkcijas atsevi\u0161\u0137i un, atsevi\u0161\u0137os gad\u012bjumos, redz\u0113t ier\u012bces atra\u0161an\u0101s vietu un t\u0101s galven\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas interakt\u012bv\u0101 kart\u0113.
                \nKvalitat\u012bva t\u012bkla p\u0101rvald\u012bbas sist\u0113ma ietaupa in\u017eeniertehnisk\u0101 person\u0101la resursus, samazina probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anas laiku un veic visas t\u0101s funkcijas, ko parasti veic 'smadzenes'.<\/p>\n

                2. Uzticam\u012bba<\/b>
                \nTehnolo\u0123ija paredz trafika termin\u0101cijas servera izmanto\u0161anu, kas vienm\u0113r atrodas starp ier\u012bci un m\u0113r\u0137a pakalpojumu. Tas var k\u013c\u016bt par vien\u012bgo atteices punktu. Ja risin\u0101jums autom\u0101tiski nesp\u0113j p\u0101rdal\u012bt trafiku no ier\u012bc\u0113m uz termin\u0101cijas serveriem un nodro\u0161in\u0101t autom\u0101tisku failover, to nav ieteicams izmantot komerci\u0101liem m\u0113r\u0137iem.<\/p>\n

                Tas ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi. Bez autom\u0101tiskas rezerves sist\u0113mas pat vis\u0101tr\u0101kais t\u012bkls agri vai v\u0113lu p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bsies par '\u0137ie\u0123e\u013cu' t\u012bklu.<\/p>\n

                3. Kvalitat\u012bva uzraudz\u012bba<\/b>
                \nP\u0101rsvar\u0101 visas risin\u0101jumi nevar re\u0123istr\u0113t galvenos ier\u012b\u010du darb\u012bbas metriku, kad t\u0101s nav t\u012bkl\u0101. Proti, ja ir probl\u0113ma ar t\u012bklu, sist\u0113mas operators nevar veikt retrospekt\u012bvu anal\u012bzi par ier\u012bci un saprast, kas tie\u0161i bija probl\u0113ma.
                \nKritiskaj\u0101 infrastrukt\u016br\u0101 ier\u012bc\u0113m j\u0101re\u0123istr\u0113 maksim\u0101lais metrikas daudzums par sakaru kan\u0101liem, gad\u012bjumos 'p\u0101rskatiem', sp\u0113j saglab\u0101t to un nodot centr\u0101lajai sist\u0113mai, neapgr\u016btinot kan\u0101lus. Neviena open source uzraudz\u012bbas sist\u0113ma vienlaikus nevar ietaup\u012bt trafiku un pieg\u0101d\u0101t retrospekt\u012bvos metrikas.<\/p>\n

                4. Aizsardz\u012bba<\/b>
                \nT\u012bklam j\u0101b\u016bt maksim\u0101li aizsarg\u0101tam pret \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgu iedarb\u012bbu no vienas puses un piln\u012bb\u0101 kontrol\u0113jamam no otras. <\/p>\n

                5. Ra\u017eot\u0101ja atbalsts 24\/7 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101<\/b>
                \n\u013boti gr\u016bti nodro\u0161in\u0101t komunik\u0101ciju ar ra\u017eot\u0101ju, ja tas atrodas cit\u0101 laika josl\u0101 un run\u0101 cit\u0101 valod\u0101 vai vienk\u0101r\u0161i uzskata sevi par \u0137\u0113ni\u0146u. \u013boti svar\u012bgi, lai ra\u017eot\u0101ja reakcija uz klienta probl\u0113mu b\u016btu minim\u0101la, un risin\u0101jums tie\u0161\u0101m atrisin\u0101tu probl\u0113mu.<\/p>\n

                Ko izv\u0113l\u0113ties<\/h3>\n

                \n1. Ja j\u016bsu darba k\u0101rt\u012bba ar vienu kan\u0101lu ir apmierino\u0161a un vienk\u0101r\u0161i v\u0113laties dro\u0161\u012bbu \u2014 izv\u0113lieties slodzes l\u012bdzsvarot\u0101ju. Tas ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i, l\u0113ti un efekt\u012bvi. Liels pluss, ja ra\u017eot\u0101js ir iek\u013c\u0101vis \u0161\u0101das re\u017e\u012bmus:
                \n-Pamatkan\u0101la un rezerves kan\u0101la j\u0113dziens. Rezerves kan\u0101ls tiek iesl\u0113gts tikai tad, kad galvenais nav pieejams. Galvenais kan\u0101ls tiek iesl\u0113gts, kad to var izmantot.
                \n-Kvalit\u0101tes kontroles meh\u0101nisms bez papildus datu pl\u016bsmu \u0123ener\u0113\u0161anas.
                \n-Liels pluss b\u016bs kop\u0113j\u0101s \u0101truma palielin\u0101\u0161ana, ja datu pl\u016bsma tiks dal\u012bta starp pieejamajiem kan\u0101liem. Tas sniegs iev\u0113rojamu kop\u0113jo \u0101truma pieaugumu, bet nepalielin\u0101s \u0101trumu vien\u0101 sesij\u0101.
                \n\u0160ie meh\u0101nismi efekt\u012bvi str\u0101d\u0101 tikai kop\u0101. <\/p>\n

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                \n
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