{"id":89872,"date":"2020-07-27T01:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-07-26T23:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/raspredelyonnye-subd-dlya-enterprajza"},"modified":"2020-07-27T01:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-07-26T23:42:19","slug":"raspredelyonnye-subd-dlya-enterprajza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/raspredelyonnye-subd-dlya-enterprajza","title":{"rendered":"Izplat\u012bt\u0101s DBMS uz\u0146\u0113mumiem","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>CAP-\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u044e\u0442: \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u2026 \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430&trade;, \u043c\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izplat\u012bt\u0101s DBMS uz\u0146\u0113mumiem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/35c8b29bb024cbf383d78caa1af2c525.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVien\u012bgais, kas nav ac\u012bmredzams, ir burtu \u00abP\u00bb noz\u012bme. Kad klasteris sadal\u0101s, tas izlemj - vai nu neatsaukties, kam\u0113r nav sasniegts kv\u00f3rums, vai ar\u012b sniegt pieejamos datus. Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no \u0161\u012b l\u0113muma rezult\u0101tiem sist\u0113ma tiek klasific\u0113ta vai nu k\u0101 CP, vai k\u0101 AP. Cassandra, piem\u0113ram, var uzvesties gan t\u0101, gan t\u0101, atkar\u012bb\u0101 ne tikai no klastera iestat\u012bjumiem, bet ar\u012b no katra konkr\u0113t\u0101 piepras\u012bjuma parametriem. Bet, ja sist\u0113ma nav \u00abP\u00bb, un t\u0101 ir sadal\u012bjusies, tad - kas notiek?<\/p>\n<p>Atbilde uz \u0161o jaut\u0101jumu ir nedaudz negaid\u012bta: CA klasteris nevar sadal\u012bties.<br \/>\nKas tad ir \u0161is klasteris, kas nesp\u0113j sadal\u012bties?<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nNep\u0101rtraukts \u0161\u0101da klastera atrib\u016bts ir kop\u0113ja datu glab\u0101\u0161anas sist\u0113ma. Liel\u0101kaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 gad\u012bjumu tas noz\u012bm\u0113 savienojumu caur SAN, kas ierobe\u017eo CA risin\u0101jumu lieto\u0161anu lielos uz\u0146\u0113mumos, kas sp\u0113j uztur\u0113t SAN infrastrukt\u016bru. Lai vair\u0101ki <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/server\/\"   title=\"serveriem\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1512\">serveriem<\/a> var\u0113tu str\u0101d\u0101t ar vieniem un tiem pa\u0161iem datiem, nepiecie\u0161ama klastera failu sist\u0113ma. \u0160\u0101das failu sist\u0113mas ir HPE (CFS), Veritas (VxCFS) un IBM (GPFS) portfel\u012b. <\/p>\n<h4>Oracle RAC<\/h4>\n<p>\nReal Application Cluster opcija pirmo reizi par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s 2001. gad\u0101 Oracle 9i izlai\u0161an\u0101. \u0160\u0101d\u0101 klaster\u012b vair\u0101ki instanti <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"serveris\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3642\">serveris<\/a> str\u0101d\u0101 ar to pa\u0161u datu b\u0101zi.<br \/>\nOracle var str\u0101d\u0101t gan ar klastera failu sist\u0113mu, gan ar savu risin\u0101jumu - ASM, Automatic Storage Management.<\/p>\n<p>Katrs instants uztur savu \u017eurn\u0101lu. Transakcija tiek izpild\u012bta un fiks\u0113ta vien\u0101 instan\u0113. Gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja k\u0101dam instantam ir k\u013c\u016bme, viens no izdz\u012bvoju\u0161ajiem klastera mezgliem (instantiem) nolas\u012bs t\u0101 \u017eurn\u0101lu un atjaunos zaud\u0113tos datus - t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta pieejam\u012bba.<\/p>\n<p>Visi instanti uztur savu ke\u0161u, un vienas un t\u0101s pa\u0161as lapas (bloki) var atrasties vienlaikus vair\u0101ku instantu ke\u0161os. Turkl\u0101t, ja k\u0101dai instansei ir nepiecie\u0161ama k\u0101da lapa, un t\u0101 ir cita instanta ke\u0161\u0101, vi\u0146\u0161 var to sa\u0146emt no \"kaimi\u0146a\", izmantojot cache fusion meh\u0101nismu, nevis nolasot no diska.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izplat\u012bt\u0101s DBMS uz\u0146\u0113mumiem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/917cb1bfcc2c47ccf0dbb2f1e34ac921.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nBet kas notiks, ja k\u0101dai no instanc\u0113m b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ams main\u012bt datus?<\/p>\n<p>Oracle iez\u012bme ir t\u0101, ka tam nav atsevi\u0161\u0137as blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas servisa: ja servers v\u0113las blo\u0137\u0113t rindu, tad blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas ieraksts tiek veikts tie\u0161i taj\u0101 atmi\u0146as lap\u0101, kur atrodas blo\u0137\u0113t\u0101 rinda. \u0160\u0101da pieeja padara Oracle par veiktsp\u0113jas \u010dempionu monol\u012bt\u0101s datub\u0101z\u0113s: blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas serviss nekad nenoliedz sevi par \u0161auru vietu. Tom\u0113r klastera konfigur\u0101cij\u0101 \u0161\u0101da arhitekt\u016bra var novest pie intens\u012bvas datu apmai\u0146as un savstarp\u0113j\u0101m blo\u0137\u0113\u0161an\u0101m.<\/p>\n<p>Kad ieraksts ir blo\u0137\u0113ts, instanse pazi\u0146o vis\u0101m cit\u0101m instanc\u0113m, ka lapa, kur\u0101 glab\u0101jas \u0161is ieraksts, ir ie\u0146emta monopol\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101. Ja citai instancei b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ams main\u012bt ierakstu taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 lap\u0101, tai j\u0101gaida, kam\u0113r izmai\u0146as lap\u0101 netiks fiks\u0113tas, t.i., inform\u0101cija par izmai\u0146u nav ierakst\u012bta \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 disk\u0101 (\u0161aj\u0101 proces\u0101 dar\u012bjums var turpin\u0101ties). Var ar\u012b gad\u012bties, ka lapu sec\u012bgi maina vair\u0101kas instances, un tad, ierakstot lapu disk\u0101, b\u016bs j\u0101saprot, kam pieder aktu\u0101l\u0101 versija \u0161\u012bs lapas.<\/p>\n<p>Sakrit\u012bgas atjaunin\u0101\u0161anas uz t\u0101m pa\u0161\u0101m lap\u0101m caur da\u017e\u0101diem RAC mezgliem noved pie b\u016btiska datub\u0101zes veiktsp\u0113jas samazin\u0101juma \u2013 l\u012bdz tam, ka klastera veiktsp\u0113ja var b\u016bt zem\u0101ka nek\u0101 vienai instanc\u0113.<\/p>\n<p>Pareiza Oracle RAC izmanto\u0161ana ir fiziska datu dal\u012b\u0161ana (piem\u0113ram, izmantojot sekciju tabulu meh\u0101nismu) un piek\u013cuve katrai sekciju grupai caur atsevi\u0161\u0137u mezglu. Galvenais RAC uzdevums nav horizont\u0101l\u0101 m\u0113rogo\u0161ana, bet nodro\u0161in\u0101t pieejam\u012bbu bez trauc\u0113jumiem.<\/p>\n<p>Ja mezgls p\u0101rst\u0101j rea\u0123\u0113t uz heartbeatu, tad pirmais mezgls, kas to atkl\u0101ja, uzs\u0101k balso\u0161anas proced\u016bru disk\u0101. Ja ar\u012b \u0161eit pazudu\u0161ais mezgls neatz\u012bm\u0113jas, tad viens no mezgliem uz\u0146em datu atjauno\u0161anas pien\u0101kumus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00absasalst\u00bb visas lapas, kas atrad\u0101s pazudu\u0161\u0101 mezgla ke\u0161atmi\u0146\u0101;<\/li>\n<li>izlasa pazudu\u0161\u0101 mezgla \u017eurn\u0101lus (redo) un atk\u0101rtoti piem\u0113ro izmai\u0146as, kas re\u0123istr\u0113tas \u0161ajos \u017eurn\u0101los, vienlaikus p\u0101rbaudot, vai citiem mezgliem nav jaun\u0101ku versiju main\u0101maj\u0101m lap\u0101m.<\/li>\n<li>atsaka nepabeigtas dar\u012bjumus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nLai atvieglotu p\u0101rsl\u0113g\u0161anos starp mezgliem, Oracle izmanto pakalpojuma j\u0113dzienu - virtu\u0101lu instance. Instance var apkalpot vair\u0101kus pakalpojumus, un pakalpojums var p\u0101rvietoties starp mezgliem. Lietojumprogramma, kas apkalpo noteiktu datu b\u0101zes da\u013cu (piem\u0113ram, klientu grupu), darbojas ar vienu pakalpojumu, un pakalpojums, kas atbild par \u0161o datu b\u0101zes da\u013cu, kad mezgls izkr\u012bt, p\u0101rvietojas uz citu mezglu.<\/p>\n<h4>IBM Pure Data Systems for Transactions<\/h4>\n<p>\nKl\u0101steru risin\u0101jums datu b\u0101z\u0113m par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s Zil\u0101 Giganta portfel\u012b 2009. gad\u0101. Ideolo\u0123iski tas ir Parallel Sysplex klastera mantinieks, kas balst\u012bts uz \"parastaj\u0101m\" iek\u0101rt\u0101m. 2009. gad\u0101 tika laists tirg\u016b produkts DB2 pureScale, kas sast\u0101v no programmat\u016bras komplekta, bet 2012. gad\u0101 IBM pied\u0101v\u0101 programmat\u016bras un aparat\u016bras komplektu (appliance) ar nosaukumu Pure Data Systems for Transactions. Nevajag confund\u0113t to ar Pure Data Systems for Analytics, kas ir nekas cits k\u0101 p\u0101rd\u0113v\u0113ts Netezza.<\/p>\n<p>pureScale arhitekt\u016bra pirm\u0101 acu uzmetiena izskat\u0101s l\u012bdz\u012bga Oracle RAC: t\u0101pat vair\u0101kas mezgli ir piesl\u0113gti kop\u0113jai datu glab\u0101\u0161anas sist\u0113mai, un katr\u0101 mezgl\u0101 darbojas sava datu b\u0101zes instance ar sav\u0101m atmi\u0146as jom\u0101m un dar\u012bjumu \u017eurn\u0101liem. Ta\u010du, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no Oracle, DB2 ir specializ\u0113ts blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas pakalpojums, ko p\u0101rst\u0101v procesu komplekts db2LLM*. Kl\u0101steru konfigur\u0101cij\u0101 \u0161is pakalpojums tiek izvietots atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 mezgl\u0101, kas Parallel Sysplex tiek d\u0113v\u0113ts par coupling facility (CF), bet Pure Data \u2013 PowerHA.<\/p>\n<p>PowerHA nodro\u0161ina sekojo\u0161us pakalpojumus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas mened\u017eeris;<\/li>\n<li>glob\u0101lais buferu ke\u0161s;<\/li>\n<li>starpprocessu komunik\u0101ciju zona.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nLai p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012btu datus no PowerHA uz datu b\u0101zes mezgliem un otr\u0101di, tiek izmantota att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101 piek\u013cuve atmi\u0146ai, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c kl\u0101steru interkonekcijai j\u0101atbalsta RDMA protokols. PureScale var izmantot gan Infiniband, gan RDMA over Ethernet.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izplat\u012bt\u0101s DBMS uz\u0146\u0113mumiem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7757acd68445dac4a9f378d5813e663f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJa mezglam nepiecie\u0161ama lapa, un \u0161\u012bs lapas nav ke\u0161\u0101, tad mezgls pieprasa lapu glob\u0101laj\u0101 ke\u0161\u0101, un tikai tad, ja ar\u012b tur t\u0101s nav, to lasa no diska. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no Oracle, piepras\u012bjums notiek tikai uz PowerHA, nevis uz blakus eso\u0161ajiem mezgliem.<\/p>\n<p>Ja, kad instance pl\u0101no main\u012bt rindu, t\u0101 to blo\u0137\u0113 ekskluz\u012bv\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101, bet lapu, kur atrodas rinda, \u2013 koplieto\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bm\u0101. Visas blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas tiek re\u0123istr\u0113tas glob\u0101laj\u0101 blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas p\u0101rvaldniek\u0101. Kad dar\u012bjums ir pabeigts, mezgls nos\u016bta zi\u0146ojumu blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas p\u0101rvaldniekam, kur\u0161 kop\u0113 main\u012bto lapu glob\u0101laj\u0101 ke\u0161atmi\u0146\u0101, no\u0146em blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas un invalid\u0113 main\u012bto lapu citu mezglu ke\u0161atmi\u0146\u0101s.<\/p>\n<p>Ja lapa, kur\u0101 atrodas main\u0101m\u0101 rinda, jau ir blo\u0137\u0113ta, blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas p\u0101rvaldnieks izlas\u012bs main\u012bto lapu no mezgla atmi\u0146as, kas veica izmai\u0146as, no\u0146ems blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anu, invalid\u0113s main\u012bto lapu citu mezglu ke\u0161atmi\u0146\u0101s un atdos lapas blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anu mezglam, kur\u0161 to piepras\u012bjis.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abNet\u012brie\u00bb, tas ir, main\u012btie, lapas var tikt ierakst\u012btas disk\u0101 gan no parast\u0101 mezgla, gan no PowerHA (izsist).<\/p>\n<p>Ja viens no mezgliem pureScale atteik\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjum\u0101 atjauno\u0161ana ir ierobe\u017eota tikai ar t\u0101m transakcij\u0101m, kas br\u012b\u017ea kad katastrofa v\u0113l nav pabeigtas: lapas, ko main\u012bjis \u0161is mezgls pabeigtaj\u0101s transakcij\u0101s, ir glob\u0101laj\u0101 ke\u0161atmi\u0146\u0101 uz PowerHA. Mezgls tiek restart\u0113ts samazin\u0101t\u0101 konfigur\u0101cij\u0101 uz viena no klastera serveriem, atsauc neizpild\u012bt\u0101s transakcijas un atbr\u012bvo blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas.<\/p>\n<p>PowerHA darbojas uz diviem serveriem, un galvenais mezgls sinhroni replik\u0113 savu st\u0101vokli. Ja galvenais mezgls atteicas, PowerHA klasteris turpina darbu ar rezerves mezglu.<br \/>\nProtams, ja piek\u013c\u016bstat datu kopai caur vienu mezglu, kop\u0113j\u0101 klastera veiktsp\u0113ja b\u016bs augst\u0101ka. PureScale pat var paman\u012bt, ka noteikta datu zona tiek apstr\u0101d\u0101ta no viena mezgla, un tad visas blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas, kas attiecas uz \u0161o zonu, tiks apstr\u0101d\u0101tas lok\u0101li, net\u0113r\u0113jot resursus komunik\u0101cijai ar PowerHA. Bet, tikl\u012bdz programma m\u0113\u0123ina piek\u013c\u016bt \u0161iem datiem caur citu mezglu, centraliz\u0113t\u0101 blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas apstr\u0101de ats\u0101ksies.<\/p>\n<p>IBM iek\u0161\u0113jie slodzes testi, kuru sast\u0101vs ir 90% las\u012b\u0161anas un 10% rakst\u012b\u0161anas, kas \u013coti l\u012bdzin\u0101s re\u0101l\u0101m r\u016bpnieciskaj\u0101m slodz\u0113m, par\u0101da gandr\u012bz line\u0101ru m\u0113rogojam\u012bbu l\u012bdz 128 mezgliem. Test\u0113\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013ci, diem\u017e\u0113l, netiek atkl\u0101ti.<\/p>\n<h4>HPE NonStop SQL<\/h4>\n<p>\nSav\u0101 augsti pieejam\u0101 platform\u0101 ir ar\u012b Hewlett-Packard Enterprise portfel\u012b. T\u0101 ir NonStop platforma, kas tirg\u016b laista 1976. gad\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113muma Tandem Computers. 1997. gad\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mums tika uzpirkts no Compaq, kas savuk\u0101rt 2002. gad\u0101 apvienoj\u0101s ar Hewlett-Packard.<\/p>\n<p>NonStop tiek izmantots kritisko lietojumprogrammu izveid\u0113 - piem\u0113ram, HLR vai bankas kar\u0161u apstr\u0101dei. Platforma tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ta k\u0101 programmat\u016bras un aparat\u016bras komplekss (appliance), kas ietver izsnieg\u0161anas mezglus, datu glab\u0101\u0161anas sist\u0113mu un sakaru apr\u012bkojumu. ServerNet t\u012bkls (m\u016bsdienu sist\u0113m\u0101s - Infiniband) kalpo gan mezglu mijiedarb\u012bbai, gan piek\u013cuvei datu glab\u0101\u0161anas sist\u0113mai.<\/p>\n<p>Agr\u0101kaj\u0101s sist\u0113mas versij\u0101s tika izmantoti propriet\u0101rie procesori, kas tika sinhroniz\u0113ti sav\u0101 starp\u0101: visas oper\u0101cijas tika izpild\u012btas sinhroni ar vair\u0101kiem procesoriem, un, tikl\u012bdz viens no procesoriem k\u013c\u016bd\u012bj\u0101s, tas tika izsl\u0113gts, bet otrais turpin\u0101ja darbu. V\u0113l\u0101k sist\u0113ma p\u0101rg\u0101ja uz parastajiem procesoriem (vispirms MIPS, p\u0113c tam Itanium un visbeidzot x86), un sinhroniz\u0101cijai tika izmantoti citi meh\u0101nismi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zi\u0146ojumi: katram sist\u0113mas procesam ir dublik\u0101ts-\u201e\u0113na\u201d, kuram akt\u012bvais process periodiski nos\u016bta zi\u0146ojumus par savu st\u0101vokli; ja galvenais process neizdodas, \u0113nas process s\u0101k darbu no br\u012b\u017ea, ko noteicis p\u0113d\u0113jais zi\u0146ojums;<\/li>\n<li>balso\u0161ana: datu glab\u0101\u0161anas sist\u0113mai ir \u012bpa\u0161a aparat\u016bras komponents, kas pie\u0146em vair\u0101kus vien\u0101dus piepras\u012bjumus un tos izpilda tikai gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja piepras\u012bjumi sakr\u012bt; fizisk\u0101s sinhroniz\u0101cijas viet\u0101 procesori darbojas asinkroni, un to darba rezult\u0101ti tiek sal\u012bdzin\u0101ti tikai ievades\/izvades br\u012b\u017eos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nS\u0101kot no 1987. gada, uz NonStop platformas darbojas rel\u0101ciju datu b\u0101ze - vispirms SQL\/MP, bet v\u0113l\u0101k - SQL\/MX.<\/p>\n<p>Visa datu b\u0101ze tiek sadal\u012bta da\u013c\u0101s, un katra da\u013ca pieder konkr\u0113tam Datu piek\u013cuves p\u0101rvaldniekam (DAM). Tas nodro\u0161ina datu ierakst\u012b\u0161anu, ke\u0161atmi\u0146u un blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas meh\u0101nismu. Datu apstr\u0101di veic izpildproti (Executor Server Process), kas darbojas tajos pa\u0161os mezglos, kur ar\u012b attiec\u012bgie datu p\u0101rvaldnieki. SQL\/MX pl\u0101not\u0101js sadala uzdevumus starp izpild\u012bt\u0101jiem un apvieno rezult\u0101tus. Ja nepiecie\u0161ams veikt saska\u0146otus labojumus, tiek izmantots divf\u0101\u017eu apstiprin\u0101\u0161anas protokols, ko nodro\u0161ina TMF (Transaction Management Facility) bibliot\u0113ka.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izplat\u012bt\u0101s DBMS uz\u0146\u0113mumiem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/00e9473dd95a78c409dd5283d299fe96.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNonStop SQL sp\u0113j prioritiz\u0113t procesus t\u0101, lai garie anal\u012btiskie vaic\u0101jumi netrauc\u0113tu dar\u012bjumu izpildei. Tom\u0113r t\u0101s galven\u0101 funkcija ir tie\u0161i \u012bsu dar\u012bjumu apstr\u0101de, nevis anal\u012bze. Izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101js garant\u0113 NonStop klastera pieejam\u012bbu l\u012bmen\u012b pieci \u00abdev\u012btnieki\u00bb, t.i., d\u012bkst\u0101ve ir tikai 5 min\u016btes gad\u0101.<\/p>\n<h4>SAP HANA<\/h4>\n<p>\nPirmais stabilais HANA DB izlai\u0161anas (1.0) datums bija 2010. gada novembris, savuk\u0101rt SAP ERP pakotne p\u0101rg\u0101ja uz HANA no 2013. gada maija. Platforma balst\u0101s uz ieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101m tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m: TREX mekl\u0113t\u0101js (kolonnu glab\u0101\u0161anas mekl\u0113\u0161ana), P*TIME DB un MAX DB.<\/p>\n<p>Pats v\u0101rds \u00abHANA\u00bb ir akron\u012bms, kas noz\u012bm\u0113 High performance ANalytical Appliance. \u0160\u012b DB tiek pieg\u0101d\u0101ta k\u0101 kods, kas var darboties uz jebkuriem x86 serveriem, ta\u010du r\u016bpniecisk\u0101s instal\u0101cijas ir at\u013cautas tikai sertific\u0113taj\u0101 apr\u012bkojum\u0101. Ir pieejami risin\u0101jumi no HP, Lenovo, Cisco, Dell, Fujitsu, Hitachi, NEC. Da\u017eas Lenovo konfigur\u0101cijas pat \u013cauj darbin\u0101t bez SAN \u2013 kop\u012bga glab\u0101\u0161ana tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta ar GPFS klasteri uz viet\u0113jiem diskiem.<\/p>\n<p>At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no iepriek\u0161 min\u0113taj\u0101m platform\u0101m, HANA ir atmi\u0146as DB, t.i., prim\u0101rais datu att\u0113ls tiek glab\u0101ts operat\u012bvaj\u0101 atmi\u0146\u0101, bet tikai \u017eurn\u0101li un periodiski att\u0113li tiek ierakst\u012bti disk\u0101 \u2013 av\u0101rijas gad\u012bjum\u0101 atjauno\u0161anai.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izplat\u012bt\u0101s DBMS uz\u0146\u0113mumiem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f64194ca6de13e1a93f7190dc38ad2d7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKatrs HANA klastera mezgls atbild par savu datu da\u013cu, un datu karte tiek glab\u0101ta \u012bpa\u0161\u0101 komponent\u0113 \u2013 Nosaukumu server\u012b, kas atrodas koordin\u0113jo\u0161aj\u0101 mezgl\u0101. Dati starp mezgliem netiek dubl\u0113ti. Inform\u0101cija par blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anu ar\u012b tiek glab\u0101ta katr\u0101 mezgl\u0101, ta\u010du sist\u0113m\u0101 ir glob\u0101ls savstarp\u0113jo blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anu detektors.<\/p>\n<p>HANA klients, izveidojot savienojumu ar klasteri, iel\u0101d\u0113 t\u0101 topolo\u0123iju un v\u0113l\u0101k var tie\u0161i piek\u013c\u016bt jebkuram mezglam, atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, k\u0101di dati tam nepiecie\u0161ami. Ja dar\u012bjums attiecas uz viena mezgla datiem, to var izpild\u012bt \u0161is mezgls lok\u0101li, ta\u010du, ja tiek main\u012bti vair\u0101ku mezglu dati, iniciat\u012bvas mezgls v\u0113r\u0161as pie koordin\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 mezgla, kur\u0161 atver un koordin\u0113 izplat\u012bto dar\u012bjumu, to fiks\u0113jot, izmantojot optimiz\u0113tu divf\u0101zu fiks\u0101cijas protokolu.<\/p>\n<p>Koordin\u0113jo\u0161ais mezgls ir dubl\u0113ts, t\u0101p\u0113c, ja koordinators izn\u0101k no ierindas, nekav\u0113joties darboties s\u0101k rezerves mezgls. Ja neizdodas mezgls ar datiem, vien\u012bgais veids, k\u0101 piek\u013c\u016bt vi\u0146a datiem, ir restart\u0113t mezglu. Parasti HANA klasteros ir rezerves (spare) serveris, lai p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas \u0101tr\u0101k restart\u0113tu zaud\u0113to mezglu.<br \/>\n<br \/>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/512298\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CAP-\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u044e\u0442: \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u2026 \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430&trade;, \u043c\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430. \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b \u00abP\u00bb. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u0442\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":89873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CAP-\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 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