{"id":94574,"date":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2"},"modified":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","slug":"vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","title":{"rendered":"Arhitekt\u016bras stila izv\u0113le (2. da\u013ca)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sveiki, Habr. \u0160odien turpin\u0101\u0161u publik\u0101ciju s\u0113riju, ko esmu izveidojis jaun\u0101 kursa uzs\u0101k\u0161anai. \u00abProgrammat\u016bras arhitekts\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ievads<\/h2>\n

\nArhitekt\u016bras stila izv\u0113le ir viens no galvenajiem tehniskajiem l\u0113mumiem inform\u0101cijas sist\u0113mas izveid\u0113. \u0160aj\u0101 rakstu s\u0113rij\u0101 es pied\u0101v\u0101ju apskat\u012bt popul\u0101r\u0101kos lietojumprogrammu arhitekt\u016bras stilus un atbild\u0113t uz jaut\u0101jumu, kur\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 kur\u0161 arhitekt\u016bras stils ir visvair\u0101k v\u0113lams. Izkl\u0101stot inform\u0101ciju, es cen\u0161os veidot lo\u0123isku sec\u012bbu, kas izskaidro arhitekt\u016bras stilu att\u012bst\u012bbu no monol\u012btiem l\u012bdz mikroservisiem. <\/p>\n

No iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 reiz\u0113<\/a><\/noindex> M\u0113s esam izp\u0113t\u012bju\u0161i monol\u012btu un secin\u0101ju\u0161i, ka monol\u012btam ir vair\u0101kas probl\u0113mas: izm\u0113rs, savstarp\u0113j\u0101 saist\u012bba, izvieto\u0161ana, m\u0113rogojam\u012bba, uzticam\u012bba un ciet\u012bba. <\/p>\n

\u0160oreiz es pied\u0101v\u0101ju run\u0101t par iesp\u0113ju organiz\u0113t sist\u0113mu k\u0101 modu\u013cu\/bibliot\u0113ku kopumu (komponentu orient\u0113ta arhitekt\u016bra) vai pakalpojumu kopumu (pakalpojumu orient\u0113ta arhitekt\u016bra).
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Komponentu orient\u0113ta arhitekt\u016bra<\/h2>\n

\nKomponentu orient\u0113ta arhitekt\u016bra paredz sist\u0113mas izveido\u0161anu k\u0101 kopumu komponentu, kurus var izmantot gan eso\u0161ajos, gan n\u0101kotnes projektos. Sadalot sist\u0113mu komponentos, tiek \u0146emti v\u0113r\u0101: to piem\u0113rot\u012bba atk\u0101rtotai lieto\u0161anai, aizvietojam\u012bba, neatkar\u012bba no konteksta, papla\u0161in\u0101m\u012bba, kapsul\u0113\u0161ana un neatkar\u012bba.<\/p>\n

Pareizi izmantojot komponentus, tiek atrisin\u0101ta \u00abliel\u0101 net\u012br\u012bbas kamola\u00bb probl\u0113ma (liels izm\u0113rs + augsta savstarp\u0113j\u0101 saist\u012bba), un pa\u0161i komponenti var b\u016bt gan salik\u0161anas vien\u012bbas (modu\u013ci, bibliot\u0113kas), gan izvietojuma vien\u012bbas (pakalpojumi). Izvietojuma vien\u012bbas ne vienm\u0113r atbilst izpild\u0101mam procesam: piem\u0113ram, t\u012bmek\u013ca lietojumprogramma un datu b\u0101ze tiek izvietotas kop\u0101. <\/p>\n

Visbie\u017e\u0101k monol\u012bti tiek izstr\u0101d\u0101ti k\u0101 modu\u013cu kopums. \u0160\u0101ds pieejas veids nodro\u0161ina izstr\u0101des neatkar\u012bbu, ta\u010du paliek probl\u0113mas ar neatkar\u012bgu m\u0113rogojam\u012bbu un izvieto\u0161anu, k\u013c\u016bdu toleranci un atkar\u012bbu no kop\u0113ja tehnolo\u0123iju steka. Tie\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c modulis ir da\u013c\u0113ji neatkar\u012bga komponente.<\/p>\n

Galven\u0101 probl\u0113ma ar \u0161\u0101du monol\u012btu ir t\u0101, ka modu\u013cu sadal\u012bjums ir piln\u012bgi lo\u0123isks un to viegli var izjaukt izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji. Var par\u0101d\u012bties core modulis, kas pak\u0101peniski p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161as par atkritumu, var pieaugt atkar\u012bbu grafiks starp modu\u013ciem un t\u0101 t\u0101l\u0101k. Lai izvair\u012btos no \u0161\u0101d\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m, izstr\u0101dei j\u0101notiek vai nu \u013coti pieredz\u0113ju\u0161ai komandai, vai ar\u012b \"arhitekta\" uzraudz\u012bb\u0101, kur\u0161 pilna laika veid\u0101 nodarbojas ar koda p\u0101rskat\u012b\u0161anu un soda t\u0101s izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jus, kuri p\u0101rk\u0101pj lo\u0123isko strukt\u016bru. <\/p>\n

\"Ide\u0101lais\" monol\u012bts ir lo\u0123iski sadal\u012btu modu\u013cu kopums, katrs no kuriem skat\u0101s uz savu datu b\u0101zi.<\/p>\n

Servisorient\u0113ta arhitekt\u016bra<\/h2>\n

\nJa tom\u0113r tiek pl\u0101nota sist\u0113mas organiz\u0101cija k\u0101 pakalpojumu kopums, tad runa ir par servisorient\u0113tu arhitekt\u016bru. T\u0101s principi: lietot\u0101jiem orient\u0113tu lietojumprogrammu savienojam\u012bba, biznesa pakalpojumu atk\u0101rtota izmanto\u0161ana, neatkar\u012bba no tehnolo\u0123iju kl\u0101sta un autonomija (neatkar\u012bga att\u012bst\u012bba, m\u0113rogojam\u012bba un izvietojam\u012bba).<\/p>\n

Servisorient\u0113ta arhitekt\u016bra (SOA = service oriented architecture) atrisina visas monol\u012bta nor\u0101d\u012bt\u0101s probl\u0113mas: izmai\u0146u gad\u012bjum\u0101 tiek skarta tikai viena pakalpojums, un skaidri defin\u0113ts API nodro\u0161ina labu komponentu inkapsul\u0101ciju. <\/p>\n

Bet ne viss ir tik gludi: SOA rada jaunas probl\u0113mas. Att\u0101lin\u0101tie izsaukumi ir d\u0101rg\u0101ki nek\u0101 lok\u0101li, un uzdevumu sadal\u012b\u0161ana starp komponentiem ir iev\u0113rojami d\u0101rg\u0101ka.<\/p>\n

Starpcitu, neatkar\u012bgas izvieto\u0161anas iesp\u0113ja ir \u013coti svar\u012bga pakalpojuma iez\u012bme. Ja pakalpojumi j\u0101izvieto kop\u0101 vai, v\u0113l jo vair\u0101k, noteikt\u0101 sec\u012bb\u0101, tad sist\u0113ma nevar tikt uzskat\u012bta par servisorient\u0113tu. \u0160\u0101d\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 run\u0101 par sadal\u012btu monol\u012btu (uzskata par antipatternu ne tikai no SOA viedok\u013ca, bet ar\u012b mikroservisu arhitekt\u016bras kontekst\u0101). <\/p>\n

Servisorient\u0113ta arhitekt\u016bra ir labi atbalst\u012bta arhitekt\u016bras kopien\u0101 un pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jos. No t\u0101 izriet liels kursu un sertifik\u0101ciju skaits, labi izstr\u0101d\u0101ti paraugi. P\u0113d\u0113jiem pieder, piem\u0113ram, labi zin\u0101m\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113muma pakalpojumu autobuss (ESB = enterprise service bus). Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 ESB ir pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju bag\u0101\u017ea, t\u0101 nav oblig\u0101ti j\u0101izmanto SOA.<\/p>\n

Servisa orient\u0113to arhitekt\u016bru visliel\u0101kaj\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 izmantoja ap 2008. gadu, p\u0113c tam t\u0101s popularit\u0101te s\u0101ka samazin\u0101ties, un \u0161is samazin\u0101jums k\u013cuva krietni strauj\u0101ks p\u0113c mikroservisu par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s (~2015. gads).<\/p>\n

Secin\u0101jums<\/h2>\n

\nP\u0113c tam, kad apspried\u0101m inform\u0101cijas sist\u0113mu organiz\u0113\u0161anas iesp\u0113jas, izmantojot pakalpojumus un modu\u013cus, es pied\u0101v\u0101ju beidzot p\u0101riet pie mikroservisu arhitekt\u016bras principiem un piev\u0113rst \u012bpa\u0161u uzman\u012bbu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101m starp mikroservisu arhitekt\u016bru un servisa orient\u0113to arhitekt\u016bru n\u0101kamaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101.<\/p>\n

\"Arhitekt\u016bras<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Avots: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abSoftware Architect\u00bb. \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":94575,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Arhitekt\u016bras stila izv\u0113le (2. da\u013ca) | ProHoster","description":"Sveiki, Habra. \u0160odien es turpinu publik\u0101ciju s\u0113riju, ko rakst\u012bju \u012bpa\u0161i jaun\u0101 kursa \u00abSoftware Architect\u00bb s\u0101k\u0161anai.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"lv_LV","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2) | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abSoftware Architect\u00bb.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-09-18T17:42:57+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-09-18T17:42:57+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"94574","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 11:24:26","updated":"2022-10-03 07:40:49","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94574"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94574\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}