{"id":96089,"date":"2020-10-08T01:42:23","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T23:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii"},"modified":"2020-10-08T01:42:23","modified_gmt":"2020-10-07T23:42:23","slug":"gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii","title":{"rendered":"GitOps: v\u0113l viens moderns termins vai izr\u0101viens automatiz\u0101cij\u0101?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: v\u0113l viens moderns termins vai izr\u0101viens automatiz\u0101cij\u0101?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e42c60efdb714359314bcb597a7132e4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca no mums, pamanot k\u0101du jaunu terminu IT emu\u0101ros vai konferences laik\u0101, agri vai v\u0113lu uzdod \u0161\u0101du jaut\u0101jumu: \u201cKas tas ir? V\u0113l viens modi v\u0101rds, \u201cbuzzword\u201d vai tie\u0161\u0101m kaut kas, kas peln\u012bjis cie\u0161u uzman\u012bbu, izp\u0113ti un sola jaunus apv\u0101r\u0161\u0146us?\u201d Tie\u0161i t\u0101pat man bija ar terminu <em>GitOps<\/em> pirms k\u0101da laika. Apbru\u0146ojies ar daudziem jau eso\u0161ajiem rakstiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m no kol\u0113\u0123iem uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/\">GitLab<\/a><\/noindex>, m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ju noskaidrot, kas tie\u0161i tas ir, un k\u0101 t\u0101 pielietojums var izskat\u012bties praks\u0113.<\/p>\n<p>Starp citu, par termi\u0146a jaunin\u0101jumu <em>GitOps<\/em> liecina ar\u012b nesen veikt\u0101 m\u016bsu aptauja: vair\u0101k nek\u0101 puse no aptauj\u0101tajiem v\u0113l nav uzs\u0101ku\u0161i darbu ar t\u0101 principiem.<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/embedd.srv.habr.com\/iframe\/5f7c326d51ad1fc9585b089c\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>T\u0101tad, infrastrukt\u016bras p\u0101rvald\u012bbas probl\u0113ma nav jauna. Daudzi m\u0101ko\u0146u pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ji jau labu desmit gadu ir pieejami pla\u0161ai sabiedr\u012bbai un, \u0161\u0137iet, vajadz\u0113ja atvieglot infrastrukt\u016bras komandu darbu. Tom\u0113r, sal\u012bdzinot ar programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101des procesu (kur automatiz\u0101cijas l\u012bmenis sasniedz arvien jaunus apv\u0101r\u0161\u0146us), infrastrukt\u016bras projekti joproj\u0101m bie\u017ei ietver daudz manu\u0101lu uzdevumu un prasa \u012bpa\u0161as zin\u0101\u0161anas un speci\u0101listus, \u012bpa\u0161i \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 m\u016bsdienu pras\u012bbas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz pieejam\u012bbu, elast\u012bbu, m\u0113rogojam\u012bbu un elast\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0101ko\u0146u pakalpojumi \u013coti sekm\u012bgi izpild\u012bja \u0161\u012bs pras\u012bbas un tie\u0161i tie deva iev\u0113rojamu impulsu pieejas att\u012bst\u012bbai <em>IaC<\/em>. Un nav br\u012bnums. Galu gal\u0101 tie\u0161i tie nodro\u0161in\u0101ja iesp\u0113ju konfigur\u0113t piln\u012bgi virtu\u0101lu datu centra apstr\u0101di: nav fizisku serveru, skapju, t\u012bkla komponentu, visu infrastrukt\u016bru var aprakst\u012bt ar skriptiem un konfigur\u0101cijas failiem.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0101tad, kas ir \u012bsti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba <em>GitOps<\/em> no <em>IaC<\/em>? \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>GitOps<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>IaC<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Viss kods tiek glab\u0101ts git noliktav\u0101<\/p>\n<p>Koda versiju p\u0101rvald\u012bba nav oblig\u0101ta<\/p>\n<p>Deklarat\u012bvs koda apraksts \/ Idempotent\u012bba<\/p>\n<p>At\u013cauts gan deklarat\u012bvs, gan imperat\u012bvs apraksts <\/p>\n<p>Izmai\u0146as st\u0101jas sp\u0113k\u0101, izmantojot Merge Request \/ Pull Request meh\u0101nismus <\/p>\n<p>Saska\u0146o\u0161ana, apstiprin\u0101\u0161ana un sadarb\u012bba nav oblig\u0101tas<\/p>\n<p>Atjaunin\u0101jumu izplat\u012b\u0161anas process ir automatiz\u0113ts<\/p>\n<p>Atjaunin\u0101jumu izplat\u012b\u0161anas process nav noteikts (autom\u0101tisks, manu\u0101ls, failu kop\u0113\u0161ana, izmantojot komandrindu utt.)<\/p>\n<p>Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot <em>GitOps<\/em> tas rad\u0101s tie\u0161i pateicoties principu pielieto\u0161anai <em>IaC<\/em>. Pirmk\u0101rt, infrastrukt\u016bru un konfigur\u0101cijas tagad var\u0113ja glab\u0101t tie\u0161i t\u0101pat k\u0101 lietotnes. Kodu ir viegli uzglab\u0101t, ar to ir viegli dal\u012bties, sal\u012bdzin\u0101t un izmantot versiju iesp\u0113jas. Versijas, zari, v\u0113sture. Un viss tas pieejam\u0101 viet\u0101 visai komandai. T\u0101p\u0113c bija lo\u0123iski, ka notika p\u0101reja uz versiju kontroles sist\u0113m\u0101m. \u012apa\u0161i git, k\u0101 vispopul\u0101r\u0101k\u0101s.<\/p>\n<p>No otras puses, par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s iesp\u0113ja automatiz\u0113t infrastrukt\u016bras p\u0101rvald\u012bbas procesus. Tagad to var izdar\u012bt \u0101tr\u0101k, dro\u0161\u0101k un l\u0113t\u0101k. Turkl\u0101t CI\/CD principi jau bija zin\u0101mi un popul\u0101ri starp programmat\u016bras izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem. Bija tikai j\u0101p\u0101rnes un j\u0101piem\u0113ro jau zin\u0101\u0161anas un prasmes jaun\u0101 jom\u0101. \u0160\u012bs prakses tom\u0113r izk\u013cuva \u0101rpus standarta defin\u012bcijas Infrastrukt\u016bra k\u0101 kods, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di radot j\u0113dzienu <em>GitOps<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: v\u0113l viens moderns termins vai izr\u0101viens automatiz\u0101cij\u0101?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/aadc2dede7df79dd439ba2cd2b269268.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Interese <em>GitOps<\/em>, protams, ar\u012b taj\u0101, ka tas nav produkts, spraudnis vai platforma, kas saist\u012bta ar k\u0101du noteiktu pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju. Tas dr\u012bz\u0101k ir paradigma un principu kopums, l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 cits mums zin\u0101ms termins: DevOps.<\/p>\n<p>Uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/\">GitLab<\/a><\/noindex> M\u0113s izstr\u0101d\u0101j\u0101m divas \u0161\u012b jaun\u0101 termina defin\u012bcijas: teor\u0113tisko un praktisko. S\u0101ksim ar teor\u0113tisko:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>GitOps \u2014 t\u0101 ir metodolo\u0123ija, kas izmanto modernas DevOps pamatprincipus, kas tiek izmantoti lietojumprogrammu izstr\u0101d\u0113, piem\u0113ram, versiju kontroli, sadarb\u012bbu, saska\u0146o\u0161anu, CI\/CD, un pielieto tos infrastrukt\u016bras p\u0101rvald\u012bbas automatiz\u0101cijas uzdevumu risin\u0101\u0161anai.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Visi procesi <em>GitOps<\/em> darbojas, izmantojot jau eso\u0161os r\u012bkus. Visi infrastrukt\u016bras kodi tiek uzglab\u0101ti jau paz\u012bstamaj\u0101 git repozitorij\u0101, izmai\u0146as iziet to pa\u0161u saska\u0146o\u0161anas procesu k\u0101 jebkur\u0161 cits programmat\u016bras kods, un izvieto\u0161anas process ir automatiz\u0113ts, kas \u013cauj minimiz\u0113t cilv\u0113ka faktora k\u013c\u016bdas, uzlabot uzticam\u012bbu un reproduc\u0113jam\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p>Savuk\u0101rt praktisk\u0101 perspekt\u012bv\u0101 m\u0113s aprakst\u0101m <em>GitOps<\/em> \u0161eit:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: v\u0113l viens moderns termins vai izr\u0101viens automatiz\u0101cij\u0101?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/899036066a7c3f48d3b2077b3898c2a8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Infrastrukt\u016bra k\u0101 kods, ko m\u0113s jau apspried\u0101m, ir viens no \u0161\u012bs formulas galvenajiem komponentiem. Apskat\u012bsim p\u0101r\u0113jos dal\u012bbniekus.<\/p>\n<p>Apvieno\u0161anas piepras\u012bjums (alternat\u012bvs nosaukums Pull Request). MR procesa zi\u0146\u0101 \u2014 tas ir piepras\u012bjums veikt izmai\u0146as kod\u0101 un p\u0113c tam apvienot atzarus. Bet instrumentu zi\u0146\u0101, ko m\u0113s izmantojam \u2014 tas dr\u012bz\u0101k ir iesp\u0113ja ieg\u016bt piln\u012bgu p\u0101rskatu par vis\u0101m veiktaj\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m: ne tikai kodu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas, kas apkopotas no noteikta skaita ap\u0146em\u0161an\u0101s, bet ar\u012b konteksts, test\u0113\u0161anas rezult\u0101ti, gala gaid\u0101mais rezult\u0101ts. Ja run\u0101jam par infrastrukt\u016bras kodu, mums ir interesanti, k\u0101 tie\u0161i main\u012bsies infrastrukt\u016bra, cik jaunu resursu tiks pievienots vai dz\u0113sts, main\u012bts. V\u0113lams k\u0101d\u0101 \u0113rt\u0101k\u0101 un viegli las\u0101m\u0101 form\u0101t\u0101. Gad\u012bjum\u0101 ar m\u0101ko\u0146u pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113jiem neb\u016btu slikti zin\u0101t, k\u0101das finansi\u0101las sekas rad\u012bs \u0161\u012b izmai\u0146a.<\/p>\n<p>Bet MR \u2014 tas ir ar\u012b sadarb\u012bbas r\u012bks, mijiedarb\u012bba, komunik\u0101cija. Tas ir vieta, kur iedarbina sabalans\u0113\u0161anas un pretsp\u0113ku sist\u0113mu. No vienk\u0101r\u0161iem koment\u0101riem l\u012bdz form\u0101l\u0101m apstiprin\u0101jumiem un apstiprin\u0101jumiem.<\/p>\n<p>Un p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 sast\u0101vda\u013ca: CI\/CD, k\u0101 jau zin\u0101m, nodro\u0161ina iesp\u0113ju automatiz\u0113t infrastrukt\u016bras izmai\u0146u ievie\u0161anas procesu, test\u0113\u0161anu (no vienk\u0101r\u0161as sintakses p\u0101rbaudes l\u012bdz sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101kai statiskajai anal\u012bzei). T\u0101pat ar\u012b turpm\u0101k\u0101 novir\u017eu noteik\u0161ana: at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas starp re\u0101lo un v\u0113lamo sist\u0113mas st\u0101vokli. Piem\u0113ram, neautoriz\u0113tu roku izmai\u0146u rezult\u0101t\u0101 vai sist\u0113mas atteik\u0161an\u0101s rezult\u0101t\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>J\u0101, termins <em>GitOps<\/em> neiepaz\u012bstina m\u016bs ne ar ko piln\u012bgi jaunu, neizgatavo velosip\u0113du no jauna, bet vienk\u0101r\u0161i pielieto jau iekr\u0101t\u0101s zin\u0101\u0161anas jaun\u0101 jom\u0101. Bet tie\u0161i taj\u0101 ir t\u0101 sp\u0113ks.<\/p>\n<p>Un ja jums p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i k\u013c\u016bs interesanti, k\u0101 tas viss izskat\u0101s praks\u0113, tad aicinu apskat\u012bt m\u016bsu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/34tRpwZ\">meistarklasi<\/a><\/noindex>, kur\u0101 soli pa solim st\u0101stu, k\u0101, izmantojot GitLab:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Realiz\u0113t galvenos GitOps principus<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Izveidot un veikt izmai\u0146as m\u0101ko\u0146u infrastrukt\u016br\u0101 (balstoties uz Yandex Cloud piem\u0113ru)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Automatiz\u0113t sist\u0113mas novir\u017eu atkl\u0101\u0161anu no v\u0113lam\u0101 st\u0101vok\u013ca, izmantojot akt\u012bvo monitoringu<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: v\u0113l viens moderns termins vai izr\u0101viens automatiz\u0101cij\u0101?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/7e9b9d0ffab214371578edbb56e209be.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>https:\/\/bit.ly\/34tRpwZ<\/p>\n<p>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/blog\/522236\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0432 IT \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c: \u201c\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e? \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u201cbuzzword\u201d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044b?\u201d \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c GitOps \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":96090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044f.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.5\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lv_LV\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47GitOps: \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438? 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