{"id":96477,"date":"2020-10-12T13:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-10-12T11:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-9"},"modified":"2020-10-12T13:42:06","modified_gmt":"2020-10-12T11:42:06","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-9","title":{"rendered":"Linux kodola 5.9 izlai\u0161ana","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0113c diviem m\u0113ne\u0161iem att\u012bst\u012bbas Linuss Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/10\/11\/275\">prezent\u0113ja<\/a><\/noindex> izlaida kodolu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernel.org\/\">Linux 5.9<\/a><\/noindex>. Starp noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kaj\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m: ierobe\u017eojums simbolu importam no patent\u0113tajiem modu\u013ciem uz GPL modu\u013ciem, konteksta mai\u0146as oper\u0101ciju pa\u0101trin\u0101\u0161ana, izmantojot procesora instrukciju FSGSBASE, atbalsts kodola att\u0113la saspie\u0161anai ar Zstd, priorit\u0101\u0161u p\u0101rdal\u012b\u0161ana kori\u0123\u0113\u0161anai kodol\u0101, PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) protokola atbalsts, pl\u0101no\u0161ana, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 caurlaid\u012bbu, deadline pl\u0101not\u0101j\u0101, proakt\u012bva atmi\u0146as lapu apkopot\u0101ja izsnieg\u0161ana, capability-flags CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTOR, sist\u0113mas izsaukums close_range(),dm-crypt veiktsp\u0113jas paaugstin\u0101\u0161ana, kodu t\u012br\u012b\u0161ana 32 bitu Xen PV viesu sist\u0113m\u0101m, jauns slab atmi\u0146as vad\u012bbas meh\u0101nisms, opcija &#171;rescue&#187; Btrfs, inline \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas atbalsts ext4 un F2FS.<\/p>\n<p>Jaunaj\u0101 versij\u0101 pie\u0146emti 16074 labojumi no 2011 izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem,<br \/>\np\u0101rl\u0101des izm\u0113rs \u2014 62 MB (izmai\u0146as sk\u0101ru\u0161as 14548 failus, pievienoti 782155 koda rindi\u0146as, izdz\u0113st\u0101s 314792 rindi\u0146as). Apm\u0113ram 45% no vis\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m 5.9<br \/>\nizmai\u0146\u0101m ir saist\u012btas ar ier\u012b\u010du draiveriem, aptuveni 15% izmai\u0146as ir<br \/>\nsaist\u012btas ar aparat\u016bras arhitekt\u016br\u0101m specifiska koda atjaunin\u0101jumiem, 13%<br \/>\nir saist\u012bti ar t\u012bkla steku, 3% \u2014 ar failu sist\u0113m\u0101m un 3% \u2014 ar iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101m<br \/>\nkodola apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101m.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.9\">\u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/828385\/\">jaunumi<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Atmi\u0146a un sist\u0113mas pakalpojumi<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53485\">Pastiprin\u0101ta<\/a><\/noindex> aizsardz\u012bba pret GPL sl\u0101\u0146u izmanto\u0161anu, lai saist\u012btu patent\u0113tus draiverus ar kodola komponent\u0113m, kas pieejamas tikai GPL licenc\u0113tiem modu\u013ciem. TAGA TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE tagad tiek mantojusi visos modu\u013cos, kas import\u0113 simbolus no modu\u013ciem ar \u0161o z\u012bmi. Ja GPL modulis cen\u0161as import\u0113t simbolus no ne-GPL modu\u013ca, tad \u0161is GPL modulis manto TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE z\u012bmi un nevar piek\u013c\u016bt kodola komponent\u0113m, kas pieejamas tikai GPL modu\u013ciem, pat ja modulis iepriek\u0161 ir import\u0113jis simbolus no &#171;gplonly&#187; kategorijas. Atpaka\u013cejo\u0161a blo\u0137\u0113\u0161ana (eksports tikai EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL modu\u013cos, kas import\u0113ju\u0161i EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL), kas var\u0113ja trauc\u0113t patent\u0113tu draiveru darb\u012bbu, nav realiz\u0113ta (manto tikai patent\u0113t\u0101 modu\u013ca z\u012bmi, bet ne GPL piesaistes).\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=facdaa917c4d5a376d09d25865f5a863f906234a\">Pievienota<\/a><\/noindex> atbalsts meh\u0101nismam kcompactd, lai <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/817905\/\">priek\u0161laic\u012bgi iepakotu atmi\u0146as lapas<\/a><\/noindex> fona re\u017e\u012bm\u0101, kas \u013cauj palielin\u0101t pieejamo lielo atmi\u0146as lapu skaitu kodolam. P\u0113c s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101m apl\u0113s\u0113m fona iepakojums ar minim\u0101l\u0101m p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas izmaks\u0101m samazina aizkavi, pie\u0161\u0137irot liel\u0101s atmi\u0146as lapas (huge-page) par 70-80 reiz\u0113m sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar iepriek\u0161\u0113jo iepako\u0161anas meh\u0101nismu, kas tika aktiviz\u0113ts piepras\u012bjuma gad\u012bjum\u0101 (on-demand). Lai noteiktu \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s fragment\u0101cijas robe\u017eas, ko nodro\u0161in\u0101s kcompactd, pievienots sysctl vm.compaction_proactiveness.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=48f7ddf785af24aa380f3282d8d4400883d0099e\">Pievienota<\/a><\/noindex> atbalsts kodola att\u0113la saspie\u0161anai, izmantojot algoritmu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=45058\">Zstandard<\/a><\/noindex> (zstd).\n<li class=\"l\"> x86 sist\u0113m\u0101m ieviesta procesora instrukcija <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/best-practices\/guidance-enabling-fsgsbase\">FSGSBASE<\/a><\/noindex>, kas \u013cauj las\u012bt un main\u012bt FS\/GS re\u0123istru saturu no lietot\u0101ja telpas. Kodol\u0101 FSGSBASE tiek izmantots, lai pa\u0101trin\u0101tu konteksta p\u0101rsl\u0113g\u0161anas oper\u0101cijas, izsl\u0113dzot liek\u0101s MSR rakst\u012b\u0161anas oper\u0101cijas GSBASE, bet lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101 \u013cauj izvair\u012bties no liekiem sist\u0113mas zvaniem, lai main\u012btu FS\/GS.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a7e1f67ed29f\">Pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> parametrs &#171;allow_writes&#187;, kas \u013cauj aizliegt izmai\u0146as CPU MSR re\u0123istros no lietot\u0101ju telpas un ierobe\u017eot piek\u013cuvi re\u0123istru datu saturam, veicot las\u012b\u0161anas oper\u0101cijas, jo MSR izmai\u0146as var izrais\u012bt probl\u0113mas. Noklus\u0113juma gad\u012bjum\u0101 rakst\u012b\u0161ana joproj\u0101m nav aizliegta, un MSR izmai\u0146as tiek atspogu\u013cotas \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101, bet n\u0101kotn\u0113 pl\u0101nots noklus\u0113juma piek\u013cuvi p\u0101rv\u0113rst tikai las\u0101m\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Asinhron\u0101 ievadi\/izvade interfeis\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50631#io_uring\">io_uring<\/a><\/noindex> iek\u013cauta piln\u012bga atbalsta funkcionalit\u0101te asinhronaj\u0101m buferiz\u0113t\u0101s las\u012b\u0161anas oper\u0101cij\u0101m, kas neprasa kodola pavedienu iesaisti. Rakst\u012b\u0161anas atbalsts tiek gaid\u012bts n\u0101kamaj\u0101 laidien\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ievadi\/izvades pl\u0101not\u0101j\u0101 deadline <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=65065fd70b5a\">realiz\u0113ta<\/a><\/noindex> pl\u0101no\u0161ana, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 caurlaidsp\u0113ju, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/821578\/\">\u013cauj<\/a><\/noindex> pie\u0146emt pareizus l\u0113mumus asimetrisk\u0101s sist\u0113m\u0101s, piem\u0113ram, ARM arhitekt\u016bras sist\u0113m\u0101s  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arm.com\/why-arm\/technologies\/dynamiq\">DynamIQ<\/a><\/noindex> un big.LITTLE, kas apvieno vien\u0101 mikrosh\u0113m\u0101 jaud\u012bgus un maz\u0101k jaud\u012bgus energoefekt\u012bvus CPU kodolus. \u012apa\u0161i jaunais re\u017e\u012bms \u013cauj izvair\u012bties no nesakrit\u012bb\u0101m pl\u0101no\u0161anas proces\u0101, kad l\u0113nais CPU kodols nav pietiekamu resursu uzdevuma izpildei noteiktaj\u0101 termi\u0146\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a modelis kodol\u0101 (Energy Model framework) tagad  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/7b7570ad0d76\">apraksta<\/a><\/noindex> ne tikai CPU ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a uzved\u012bbu, bet ar\u012b aptver perif\u0113risk\u0101s ier\u012bces.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ieviesta sist\u0113mas izsaukuma close_range(), kas \u013cauj procesam vienlaic\u012bgi aizv\u0113rt veselu atv\u0113rto failu descriptoru diapazonu.\n<li class=\"l\"> No teksta konsoles un draivera fbcon <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53714\">iz\u0146emts kods<\/a><\/noindex>, kas nodro\u0161in\u0101ja iesp\u0113ju programmatiskai teksta ritin\u0101\u0161anai atpaka\u013c (CONFIG_VGACON_SOFT_SCROLLBACK) vair\u0101k nek\u0101 videomemori teksta re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 VGA.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/818388\/\">P\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101ts<\/a><\/noindex> priorit\u0101\u0161u pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anas algoritms pavedienu iek\u0161ien\u0113 kodol\u0101. Jaun\u0101 versija nodro\u0161ina lab\u0101ku saska\u0146ot\u012bbu vis\u0101s kodola apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101s priorit\u0101\u0161u pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anai re\u0101l\u0101 laika uzdevumiem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots sysctl <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=1f73d1abe5836bd8ffe747ff5cb7561b17ce5bc6\">sched_uclamp_util_min_rt_default<\/a><\/noindex>  reso\u0161anas parametru sp\u0113l\u0113\u0161anai CPU re\u0101llaika uzdevumiem (piem\u0113ram, var uz vietas main\u012bt uzved\u012bbu, izpildot re\u0101l\u0101 laika uzdevumus energijas taup\u012b\u0161anai, p\u0101rejot uz bateriju vai mobilaj\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m).\n<li class=\"l\"> Veikta sagatavo\u0161an\u0101s atbalsta tehnolo\u0123ijai Transparent Huge Pages ievie\u0161anai lapu ke\u0161\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Fanotify meh\u0101nism\u0101 ieviesti jauni karogi FAN_REPORT_NAME un FAN_REPORT_DIR_FID, lai sniegtu inform\u0101ciju par vec\u0101ku nosaukumu un unik\u0101lo identific\u0113t\u0101ju FID, kad notiek katalogu elementu izveides, dz\u0113\u0161anas vai p\u0101rvieto\u0161anas notikumi, k\u0101 ar\u012b objekti, kas nav saist\u012bti ar katalogiem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Cgroups <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52790\">realiz\u0113ts<\/a><\/noindex> jauns atmi\u0146as sadales kontrolieris slab (slab memory controller), kas izce\u013cas ar slab uzskaites p\u0101rcel\u0161anu no atmi\u0146as lapu l\u012bme\u0146a uz kodola objektu l\u012bmeni, \u013caujot kop\u012bgi izmantot slab lapas da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s cgroups, nevis pie\u0161\u0137irt atsevi\u0161\u0137us slab ke\u0161us katrai cgroup. Ierosin\u0101t\u0101 pieeja \u013cauj uzlabot slab izmanto\u0161anas efektivit\u0101ti, samazinot slab atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146u par 30-45%, b\u016btiski samazinot kop\u0113jo atmi\u0146as pat\u0113ri\u0146u kodol\u0101 un samazinot atmi\u0146as fragment\u0101ciju.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ska\u0146as apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53404\">ALSA<\/a><\/noindex> un  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53508\">USB kaudzes<\/a><\/noindex>, saska\u0146\u0101 ar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53342\">nesen pie\u0146emtaj\u0101m<\/a><\/noindex> iemu rekomend\u0101ciju par iek\u013caujo\u0161as terminolo\u0123ijas izmanto\u0161anu Linux kodol\u0101 ir veikta politiski nepareizu terminu att\u012br\u012b\u0161ana. Kods ir att\u012br\u012bts no v\u0101rdu \"slave\", \"master\", \"blacklist\" un \"whitelist\" lietojuma.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u0101cija un dro\u0161\u012bba<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Veidojot kodolu, izmantojot Clang kompilatoru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/f0fe00d4972a\">par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s<\/a><\/noindex> iesp\u0113ja konfigur\u0113t (CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO) autom\u0101tisku visu stek\u0101 glab\u0101to main\u012bgo inicializ\u0101ciju ar nulles v\u0113rt\u012bbu (izveidojot, nor\u0101da \"-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero\").\n<li class=\"l\"> Seccomp sist\u0113m\u0101, lietojot lietot\u0101ja telpas procesu kontroli, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c97aedc52dce4c87d4c44de4e6af941cd102600c\">pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7cf97b12545503992020796c74bd84078eb39299\">iesp\u0113ja<\/a><\/noindex> tiek veikta failu deskriptora aizst\u0101\u0161ana izsekojam\u0101 proces\u0101, lai piln\u012bb\u0101 emul\u0113tu sist\u0113mas izsaukumus, kas noved pie failu deskriptora veido\u0161anas. \u0160\u012b funkcionalit\u0101te ir piepras\u012bta izol\u0113tu konteineru sist\u0113m\u0101s un Chrome smil\u0161kast\u0113s.\n<li class=\"l\"> Architekt\u016br\u0101m xtensa un csky pievienota atbalsta iesp\u0113ja ierobe\u017eot sist\u0113mas izsaukumus, izmantojot seccomp apak\u0161sist\u0113mu. Xtensa papildus atbalsta audit\u0113\u0161anas meh\u0101nismu.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/74858abbb103\">Pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> jaunais capability-flags CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE, kas \u013cauj bez papildu at\u013cauj\u0101m piek\u013c\u016bt funkcij\u0101m, kas saist\u012btas ar procesu st\u0101vok\u013ca iesald\u0113\u0161anu un atjauno\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> GCC 11 ir realiz\u0113tas visas nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s iesp\u0113jas<br \/>\nk\u013c\u016bdu atkl\u0101\u0161anas r\u012bka KCSAN (Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer), kas paredz\u0113ts dinamiskai sacens\u012bbu st\u0101vok\u013cu atkl\u0101\u0161anai kodol\u0101. Tagad KCSAN var izmantot ar GCC saliktiem kodoliem. <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> AMD Zen un jaun\u0101ko CPU mode\u013cu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/dea286bb71baded7d2fb4f090e3b9fd2c1ccac58\">pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> P2PDMA tehnolo\u0123ijas atbalsts, kas \u013cauj izmantot DMA tie\u0161ai datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anai starp divu ier\u012b\u010du atmi\u0146\u0101m, kas piesl\u0113gtas PCI buss.\n<li class=\"l\"> dm-crypt pievienots re\u017e\u012bms, kas samazina kav\u0113\u0161anos, veicot kriptogr\u0101fisko datu apstr\u0101di bez uzdevumu rind\u0101m. \u0160is re\u017e\u012bms ir ar\u012b nepiecie\u0161ams, lai pareizi darbotos ar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52092\">zon\u0113tiem<\/a><\/noindex> blokier\u012bc\u0113m (ier\u012bc\u0113m ar zon\u0101m, kas j\u0101ieraksta sec\u012bgi, atjauninot visu blok\u0137\u0113di). Veikti darbi, lai uzlabotu caurlaidsp\u0113ju un samazin\u0101tu kav\u0113\u0161anos dm-crypt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kods 32 bitu viesu sist\u0113mu atbalstam, kas darbojas Xen hipervizora vad\u012bb\u0101, ir iz\u0146emts. \u0160\u0101du sist\u0113mu lietot\u0101jiem vajadz\u0113tu p\u0101riet uz 64 bitu kodoliem viesu vid\u0113s vai izmantot pilnas (HVM) vai kombin\u0113t\u0101s (PVH) virtualiz\u0101cijas re\u017e\u012bmus, nevis para-virtualiz\u0101ciju (PV).\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Disku apak\u0161sist\u0113ma, I\/O un failu sist\u0113mas<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Btrfs failu sist\u0113m\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/74ef00185eb864252156022ff129b01549504175\">ir ieviesta<\/a><\/noindex> mountez\u0161anas opcija \"rescue\", kas vienk\u0101r\u0161o piek\u013cuvi vis\u0101m cit\u0101m atjauno\u0161anas opcij\u0101m. Ir no\u0146emta atbalsta opciju \"alloc_start\" un \"subvolrootid\" atbalsts, bet opcija \"inode_cache\" ir atz\u012bta par novecoju\u0161u. Ir veikta veiktsp\u0113jas optimiz\u0101cija, \u012bpa\u0161i paman\u0101mi pa\u0101trin\u0101tas fsync() oper\u0101cijas. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=137c541821a83debb63b3fa8abdd1cbc41bdf3a1\">Pievienota<\/a><\/noindex> ierobe\u017eojumu izmanto\u0161anu alternat\u012bviem kontrolsummas veidiem, kas at\u0161\u0137iras no CRC32c.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=690b25675f5c9c082cb1b902e6d21dd956754e7e\">Pievienota<\/a><\/noindex> iesp\u0113ja izmantot inline \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu (Inline Encryption) failu sist\u0113m\u0101s ext4 un F2FS, kuras aktiviz\u0113\u0161anai ir paredz\u0113ta mountez\u0161anas opcija \"inlinecrypt\". Inline \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bms \u013cauj izmantot iek\u013caut\u0101s diska kontroller\u012b iek\u0101rtas \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas meh\u0101nismus, kas nodro\u0161ina caursp\u012bd\u012bgu ievades\/izvades \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu un at\u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu.\n<li class=\"l\"> XFS  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=5631c5e0eb9035d92ceb20fcd9cdb7779a3f5cc7\">nodro\u0161in\u0101ta<\/a><\/noindex>  inode izl\u0101d\u0113\u0161ana (flush) piln\u012bgi asimetrisk\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101, neapturot procesus, veicot atmi\u0146as t\u012br\u012b\u0161anas oper\u0101ciju. Atrisin\u0101ta ilgsto\u0161a probl\u0113ma ar kvot\u0101m, kas izrais\u012bja, ka m\u012bksto ierobe\u017eojumu trauksmes un ierobe\u017eojumu skaits uz inode netika pareizi uzskait\u012bti. Unified DAX atbalsta realiz\u0101ciju nodro\u0161in\u0101ja ext4 un xfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ext4 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=cfd73237722135807967f389bcbda558a60a30d6\">ir ieviesta<\/a><\/noindex> priek\u0161laic\u012bga blokdiska sadal\u012bjuma kar\u0161u iel\u0101de. Apvienojum\u0101 ar neinitialized grupu sken\u0113\u0161anas ierobe\u017eojumu, optimiz\u0101cija ir \u013c\u0101vusi samazin\u0101t \u013coti lielu nodal\u012bjumu mont\u0113\u0161anas laiku.\n<li class=\"l\"> F2FS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/9af846486d781a63de025a5f502c515268e48790\">ieg\u016bts<\/a><\/noindex> ioctl F2FS_IOC_SEC_TRIM_FILE, kas \u013cauj izmantot TRIM\/discard komandas, lai fiziski null\u0113tu noteiktus datus fail\u0101, piem\u0113ram, piek\u013cuves atsl\u0113gu dz\u0113\u0161anai, neieradot atliku\u0161os datus uz nes\u0113ja.<br \/>\nF2FS ar\u012b <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/0e5e81114de1c4ac32e36f057256653a04f27a33\">ieg\u016bts<\/a><\/noindex> jauns atkritumu v\u0101k\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bms GC_URGENT_LOW, kas darbojas agres\u012bv\u0101k, izsl\u0113dzot da\u017eus p\u0101rbaudes nosac\u012bjumus, kas saist\u012bti ar statusu idle, pirms uzs\u0101kt atkritumu v\u0101k\u0161anas procesu.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> bcache, izmaksu samazin\u0101juma izm\u0113rs extents ir palielin\u0101ts no 16 l\u012bdz 32 bitiem, gatavojoties iesp\u0113jojot to pielieto\u0161anu zon\u0113to ier\u012b\u010du ke\u0161iem.\n<li class=\"l\"> SCSI apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101 pievienota inline \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas izmanto\u0161ana ar UFS kontrolieriem sniegtajiem ieb\u016bv\u0113tiem aparat\u016bras \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ciem (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/scsi\/ufs.txt\">Univers\u0101l\u0101 Flash atmi\u0146a<\/a><\/noindex>).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots jauns kodola komandrindas parametrs \"debugfs\", kas \u013cauj kontrol\u0113t attiec\u012bg\u0101s pseudofailu sist\u0113mas pieejam\u012bbu.\n<li class=\"l\"> NFSv4.2 klient\u0101 nodro\u0161in\u0101ta atbalsts failu papla\u0161in\u0101tajiem atrib\u016btiem (xattr).\n<li class=\"l\"> dm-dust <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=0c248ea27fc88cf8a3035ba0ed75b210be9abf80\">ieg\u016bts<\/a><\/noindex> interfeiss visu konstat\u0113to sliktu bloku saraksta par\u0101d\u012b\u0161anai disk\u0101 (\"dmsetup message dust1 0 listbadblocks\").\n<li class=\"l\"> md\/raid5 pievienots parametra \/sys\/block\/md1\/md\/stripe_size, kas \u013cauj iestat\u012bt STRIPE bloka izm\u0113ru.\n<li class=\"l\"> NVMe glab\u0101\u0161anas ier\u012bc\u0113m <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=240e6ee272c07a2636dfc7d65f5bbb18377c49e5\">pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> atbalsts komandu zonas noteik\u0161anas ier\u012bc\u0113m (ZNS, NVM Express Zoned Namespace), kas \u013cauj uzglab\u0101\u0161anas vietu sadal\u012bt zon\u0101s, kas veido blokgrupas, lai piln\u012bb\u0101 p\u0101rvald\u012btu datu izvietojumu ier\u012bc\u0113.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>T\u012bkla subsist\u0113ma<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Netfilter <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=f53b9b0bdc59c0823679f2e3214e0d538f5951b9\">pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> iesp\u0113ja noraid\u012bt paketes pirms mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161anas p\u0101rbaudes (REJECT izteiksme tagad var tikt izmantota ne tikai INPUT, FORWARD un OUTPUT \u0137\u0113d\u0113s, bet ar\u012b PREROUTING posm\u0101 icmp un tcp).\n<li class=\"l\"> nftables  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/8e6cf365e1d5c70e275a77a3c5ad7e3dc685474c\">pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> iesp\u0113ja audit\u0113t notikumus, kas saist\u012bti ar konfigur\u0101cijas izmai\u0146\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\"> nftables netlink API <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=74cccc3d38438b346e40a4f8133cff3f0839ff84\">pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> atbalsts anon\u012bm\u0101m \u0137\u0113d\u0113m, kuru nosaukumi tiek pie\u0161\u0137irti dinamiski no kodola. Dz\u0113\u0161ot saist\u012bt\u0101s noteikumi, tiek autom\u0101tiski izdz\u0113sta ar\u012b pati \u0137\u0113de.\n<li class=\"l\"> BPF ir pievienota atbalsta iteratori, lai apietu, filtr\u0113tu un main\u012btu asociat\u012bv\u0101 mas\u012bva (map) elementus bez datu kop\u0113\u0161anas lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101. Iteratori var tikt izmantoti TCP un UDP soketiem, \u013caujot BPF programm\u0101m iter\u0113t atv\u0113rtos soketus un izvilkt no tiem nepiecie\u0161amo inform\u0101ciju.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jauna BPF programmu veida BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP pievieno\u0161ana, kas tiek palaista, kad kodols mekl\u0113 piem\u0113rotu klaus\u012b\u0161an\u0101s soketu ien\u0101ko\u0161am savienojumam. Ar l\u012bdz\u012bgu BPF programmu var izveidot apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jus, kas pie\u0146em l\u0113mumus par to, ar kuru soketu j\u0101savieno savienojums, netiekot ierobe\u017eots ar sist\u0113mas izsaukuma bind() r\u0101mjiem. Piem\u0113ram, var izveidot viena soketa sasaisti ar adre\u0161u vai portu diapazonu. Turkl\u0101t bpf_setsockopt() ir pievienota SO_KEEPALIVE flaga atbalsts un nodro\u0161in\u0101ta iesp\u0113ja izveidot BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jus, kas tiek izsaukti, kad sokets tiek atbr\u012bvots.\n<li class=\"l\"> Protokola atbalsta \u012bsteno\u0161ana <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parallel_Redundancy_Protocol\">PRP<\/a><\/noindex> (Parallel Redundancy Protocol), kas \u013cauj, balstoties uz Ethernet, nodro\u0161in\u0101t caursp\u012bd\u012bgu aplik\u0101cij\u0101m p\u0101rsl\u0113g\u0161anos uz rezerves kan\u0101lu jebk\u0101du t\u012bkla komponentu k\u013c\u016bmes gad\u012bjum\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> mac80211 stek\u0101 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=f96622749a67d40ad5efe8a58d5fc95313097aa0\">pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> atbalsts \u010detrpak\u0101pju WPA\/WPA2-PSK kan\u0101la saska\u0146o\u0161anas proces\u0101 piek\u013cuves punkt\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> pievienota iesp\u0113ja main\u012bt qdisc (queuing discipline) pl\u0101not\u0101ju uz noklus\u0113juma algoritmu FQ-PIE (Flow Queue PIE), kas m\u0113r\u0137\u0113ts uz negat\u012bv\u0101s ietekmes samazin\u0101\u0161anu, ko rada starpposma pakot\u0146u buferiz\u0113\u0161ana uz robe\u017eier\u012bc\u0113m (bufferbloat) kabe\u013cu modemu t\u012bklos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienotas jaunas iesp\u0113jas MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), TCP protokola papla\u0161in\u0101jumi, lai organiz\u0113tu TCP savienojuma darb\u012bbu, pieg\u0101d\u0101jot paketes vienlaic\u012bgi pa vair\u0101kiem mar\u0161rutiem caur da\u017e\u0101diem t\u012bkla saskarn\u0113m, kas piesaist\u012btas da\u017e\u0101diem IP adres\u0113m. Pievienota atbalsts syn cookie, DATA_FIN, autom\u0101tisk\u0101 buferu iestat\u012b\u0161ana, soketu diagnostika un izmantot REUSEADDR, REUSEPORT un V6ONLY flagus setsockopt.\n<li class=\"l\"> VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding) virtu\u0101laj\u0101m mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161anas tabul\u0101m, kas \u013cauj organiz\u0113t vair\u0101ku mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161anas dom\u0113nu darb\u012bbu vien\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101, ir ieviests \"strict\" re\u017e\u012bms. \u0160aj\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 virtu\u0101l\u0101 tabula var tikt asoci\u0113ta tikai ar mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161anas tabulu, kas netiek izmantota cit\u0101s virtu\u0101l\u0101s tabul\u0101s.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bezvadu draiver\u012b ath11k <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c5625abaf8266307d2237a75143b27be7afafcdf\">pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> iepaz\u012bstin\u0101ts ar 6GHz frekvenci un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=9d11b7bff9508101d05f06e461ab81b5f0dc90ae\">spektr\u0101lo sken\u0113\u0161anu.<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Apr\u012bkojums<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika no\u0146emta kods UniCore arhitekt\u016bras atbalstam, ko izstr\u0101d\u0101jusi Pekinas universit\u0101tes mikroprocesoru centrs un kas tika iek\u013cauta Linux kodol\u0101 2011. gad\u0101. \u0160\u012b arhitekt\u016bra kop\u0161 2014. gada netiek atbalst\u012bta un nav atbalsta GCC.\n<li class=\"l\"> RISC-V arhitekt\u016brai ieviests atbalsts <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/v4.17\/dev-tools\/kcov.html\">kcov<\/a><\/noindex> (debugfs interfeiss kodola seguma anal\u012bzei), kmemleak (atmi\u0146as nopl\u016bdes noteik\u0161anas sist\u0113ma), steka aizsardz\u012bba, p\u0101rejas mar\u0137\u0113jumi un tickless oper\u0101cijas (neatkar\u012bgas no sign\u0101liem taimeru multitaskings).\n<li class=\"l\"> PowerPC arhitekt\u016brai ieviests atbalsts k\u0101rt\u0101m spinlock, kas \u013c\u0101va iev\u0113rojami uzlabot veiktsp\u0113ju Blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anas konfliktu situ\u0101cij\u0101s.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARM un ARM64 arhitekt\u016br\u0101m p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma tiek izmantots procesora frekvences regul\u0113\u0161anas meh\u0101nisms <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/cpu-freq\/governors.txt\">schedutil<\/a><\/noindex> (cpufreq governor), kas pie\u0146emot l\u0113mumu par frekvences izmai\u0146\u0101m tie\u0161i izmanto inform\u0101ciju no uzdevumu pl\u0101not\u0101ja un var nekav\u0113joties piek\u013c\u016bt cpufreq draiveriem, lai operat\u012bvi main\u012btu frekvenci, nekav\u0113joties piel\u0101gojot CPU darba parametrus pa\u0161reiz\u0113jai slodzei.\n<li class=\"l\"> DRM draiver\u012b i915 Intel grafiskaj\u0101m kart\u0113m iek\u013cauts atbalsts \u010dipiem, kas balst\u0101s uz mikroarhitekt\u016bru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rocket_Lake\">Rocket Lake<\/a><\/noindex> un pievienots s\u0101kotn\u0113jais atbalsts diskretaj\u0101m kart\u0113m <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2020\/1\/9\/21058422\/intel-dg1-discrete-gpu-graphics-card-announcement-ces-2020\">Intel Xe DG1.<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Draiver\u012b amdgpu pievienots s\u0101kotn\u0113jais atbalsts AMD GPU <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/torvalds\/c\/206739119508d5ab4b42ab480ff61a7e6cd72d7c\">Navi 21<\/a><\/noindex> (Navy Flounder) un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/torvalds\/c\/9555152beb1143c85c03f9b9de59863cbbe89f4b\">Navi 22<\/a><\/noindex> (Sienna Cichlid). Pievienots atbalsts video kode\u0161anas un dekod\u0113\u0161anas pa\u0101trin\u0101\u0161anas dzin\u0113jiem UVD\/VCE GPU Southern Islands (Radeon HD 7000).<br \/>\nPievienota \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba displeja pagrie\u0161anai par 90, 180 vai 270 gr\u0101diem. <\/p>\n<p>Interesanti, ka draiverim AMD GPU <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phoronix.com\/scan.php?page=news_item&#038;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats\">ir<\/a><\/noindex> visliel\u0101kais draiveris kodol\u0101 \u2014 tam ir apm\u0113ram 2,71 miljoni koda rindu, kas ir aptuveni 10% no kop\u0113j\u0101 koda apjoma (27,81 miljoni rindu). No t\u0101 1,79 miljoni rindu ir autom\u0101tiski \u0123ener\u0113ti virsrakstu faili ar GPU re\u0123istru datiem, un C kods sast\u0101da 366 t\u016bksto\u0161us rindu (sal\u012bdzin\u0101jumam, Intel i915 draiveris ietver 209 t\u016bksto\u0161us rindu, bet Nouveau \u2014 149 t\u016bksto\u0161us).<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nouveau draiver\u012b <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=12885ecbfe62df4358d452080d3b8feef54ec8cb\">pievienots<\/a><\/noindex> iek\u013cauta kadru pa kadriem datu integrit\u0101tes p\u0101rbaude, izmantojot <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/NVIDIA\/open-gpu-doc\/blob\/master\/Display-CRC\/display-crc.txt\">CRC<\/a><\/noindex> (Ciklisk\u0101 redundances p\u0101rbaudes) NVIDIA GPU displeja dzin\u0113jos. Realiz\u0101cija balst\u012bta uz dokument\u0101ciju, ko sniedzis NVIDIA.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienoti draiveri LCD pane\u013ciem: Frida FRD350H54004, KOE TX26D202VM0BWA, CDTech S070PWS19HP-FC21, CDTech S070SWV29HG-DC44, Tianma TM070JVHG33 un Xingbangda XBD599.\n<li class=\"l\"> ALSA ska\u0146as sist\u0113m\u0101 ieviesta atbalsts <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&#038;id=951894cf30f417443d9e0eda33312613c2a7edf6\">Intel Silent Stream<\/a><\/noindex> (past\u0101v\u012bga ener\u0123ijas uztur\u0113\u0161ana \u0101r\u0113jiem HDMI ier\u012bc\u0113m, lai nov\u0113rstu aizturi reprodukcijas s\u0101kum\u0101) un  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&#038;id=c7440acc859778eed74b223fc41f094133aeaaf0\">jauns ier\u012bces<\/a><\/noindex> lai kontrol\u0113tu mikrofonu aktiviz\u0113\u0161anas un ska\u0146as izsl\u0113g\u0161anas pogu apgaismojumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b pievienots atbalsts jaunam aparat\u016brai, tostarp kontrollerim <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&#038;id=61eee4a7fc406f94e441778c3cecbbed30373c89\">Loongson 7A1000<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ieviesa atbalstu ARM platform\u0101m, ier\u012bc\u0113m un platform\u0101m: Pine64 PinePhone v1.2, Lenovo IdeaPad Duet 10.1, ASUS Google Nexus 7, Acer Iconia Tab A500, Qualcomm Snapdragon SDM630 (tiek izmantots Sony Xperia 10, 10 Plus, XA2, XA2 Plus un XA2 Ultra), Jetson Xavier NX, Amlogic WeTek Core2, Aspeed EthanolX, piecas jaunas plates, kas balst\u012btas uz NXP i.MX6, MikroTik RouterBoard 3011, Xiaomi Libra, Microsoft Lumia 950, Sony Xperia Z5, MStar, Microchip Sparx5, Intel Keem Bay, Amazon Alpine v3, Renesas RZ\/G2H.\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 Lat\u012b\u0146amerikas Br\u012bv\u0101 programmat\u016bras fonds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">izveidoja<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nvariantu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">piln\u012bgi br\u012bvu 5.9 kodolu<\/a><\/noindex> &#8212; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.9-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.9-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, att\u012br\u012btu no  elementiem no p\u0101rvald\u0113m un draiveriem, kas satur nesvaigus komponentus vai koda da\u013cas, kuru izmanto\u0161anu ierobe\u017eo ra\u017eot\u0101js. Jaunaj\u0101 laidien\u0101 ir atsl\u0113gta blobu iel\u0101de WiFi rtw8821c un SoC MediaTek mt8183 draiveros. Atjaunin\u0101ts blobu att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas kods draiveriem un Habanalabs, Wilc1000, amdgpu, mt7615, i915 CSR, Mellanox mlxsw (Spectrum3), r8169 (rtl8125b-2) un x86 touchscreen subsist\u0113m\u0101m.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Avots: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53830\">opennet.lv<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.9. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 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