{"id":97976,"date":"2020-10-23T08:43:11","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T06:43:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/evolyucziya-otkrytogo-interneta"},"modified":"2020-10-23T08:43:11","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T06:43:11","slug":"evolyucziya-otkrytogo-interneta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/evolyucziya-otkrytogo-interneta","title":{"rendered":"Atv\u0113rt\u0101 interneta evol\u016bcija","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Atv\u0113rt\u0101
\n
\nIzstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji gadiem ilgi ir run\u0101ju\u0161i par blok\u0137\u0113des tehnolo\u0123ijas priek\u0161roc\u012bb\u0101m. Vi\u0146i to pamatoja ar neizteiksm\u012bgiem \"lieto\u0161anas gad\u012bjumiem\" un neskaidriem defin\u0113jumiem par to, k\u0101 tehnolo\u0123ija darbojas, k\u0101dam paties\u012bb\u0101 t\u0101 nepiecie\u0161ama un k\u0101 platformas, kas to izmanto, at\u0161\u0137iras sav\u0101 starp\u0101. Nav br\u012bnums, ka tas izsauca neskaidr\u012bbas un neuztic\u012bbu blok\u0137\u0113des tehnolo\u0123ijai. <\/p>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 es v\u0113los aprakst\u012bt ment\u0101lo mode\u013cu kopumu, kas pal\u012bdz\u0113s saprast, k\u0101 potenci\u0101lie lieto\u0161anas gad\u012bjumi noved pie tehniskiem kompromisiem, ar kuriem katra platforma ir spiesta saskarties. \u0160ie ment\u0101lie mode\u013ci ir balst\u012bti uz progresu, ko blok\u0137\u0113des tehnolo\u0123ija ir sasniegusi p\u0113d\u0113jo 10 gadu laik\u0101, iziet cauri 3 att\u012bst\u012bbas paaudz\u0113m: atv\u0113rtas naudas, atv\u0113rt\u0101s finanses un, visbeidzot, atv\u0113rtie internets.
\nMana m\u0113r\u0137is ir pal\u012bdz\u0113t jums izveidot skaidru priek\u0161statu par to, kas ir blok\u0137\u0113de, saprast, k\u0101p\u0113c nepiecie\u0161amas da\u017e\u0101das platformas un izt\u0113loties atv\u0113rt\u0101 interneta n\u0101kotni.
\n <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u012ass ievads blok\u0137\u0113d\u0113<\/h3>\n

\nDa\u017ei pamati. Blok\u0137\u0113de ir b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 tikai datu b\u0101ze, ko p\u0101rvalda da\u017e\u0101du operatoru grupa, nevis viens uz\u0146\u0113mums (piem\u0113ram, Amazon, Microsoft vai Google). Svar\u012bg\u0101 at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp blok\u0137\u0113di un m\u0101ko\u0146pakalpojumiem ir t\u0101, ka nav nepiecie\u0161ams uztic\u0113ties datu b\u0101zes \"\u012bpa\u0161niekam\" (vai t\u0101 operacion\u0101lai dro\u0161\u012bbai), lai glab\u0101tu v\u0113rt\u012bgos datus. Kad blok\u0137\u0113de ir publiska (un visas liel\u0101k\u0101s blok\u0137\u0113des ir publiskas), ikviens to var izmantot jebk\u0101diem m\u0113r\u0137iem. <\/p>\n

Lai \u0161\u0101da sist\u0113ma darbotos ar lielu anon\u012bmo ier\u012b\u010du skaitu vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113, tai j\u0101b\u016bt digit\u0101lajam tokenam, kas tiks izmantots k\u0101 maks\u0101\u0161anas l\u012bdzeklis. Ar \u0161iem tokeniem \u0137\u0113des lietot\u0101ji maks\u0101s sist\u0113mas operatoriem. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 tokens sniedz dro\u0161\u012bbas garantiju, ko nosaka taj\u0101 iek\u013caut\u0101 sp\u0113\u013cu teorija. Un, lai gan ideja bija da\u013c\u0113ji apdraud\u0113ta ar kr\u0101pniecisko ICO uzpl\u016bdu 2017. gad\u0101, pati tokenu un tokeniz\u0101cijas ideja, ka atsevi\u0161\u0137s digit\u0101lais akt\u012bvs var tikt unik\u0101li identific\u0113ts un p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012bts, ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i neticams potenci\u0101ls.<\/p>\n

T\u0101pat ir svar\u012bgi atdal\u012bt to datu b\u0101zes da\u013cu, kas glab\u0101 datus, no t\u0101s, kas maina datus (virtu\u0101l\u0101 ma\u0161\u012bna). <\/p>\n

Da\u017e\u0101das \u0137\u0113des \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas var optimiz\u0113t. Piem\u0113ram, dro\u0161\u012bba (bitkoin\u0101), \u0101trums, cena vai m\u0113rogojam\u012bba. Turkl\u0101t modifik\u0101cijas lo\u0123iku ar\u012b var optimiz\u0113t da\u017e\u0101dos veidos: tas var b\u016bt vienk\u0101r\u0161s kalkulators summ\u0113\u0161anai un at\u0146em\u0161anai (k\u0101 bitkoin\u0101), bet var b\u016bt ar\u012b Turinga piln\u012bga virtu\u0101l\u0101 ma\u0161\u012bna (k\u0101 Ethereum un NEAR). <\/p>\n

T\u0101tad divas blok\u0137\u0113des platformas var \"piel\u0101got\" savu blok\u0137\u0113di un virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu, lai veiktu piln\u012bgi at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas funkcijas, un t\u0101s var nekad nekonkur\u0113t sav\u0101 starp\u0101 tirg\u016b. Piem\u0113ram, bitkoin\u0101 sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar Ethereum vai NEAR \u2014 piln\u012bgi cita pasaule, bet Ethereum un NEAR savuk\u0101rt nav saist\u012bti ar Ripple un Stellar \u2014 neskatoties uz to, ka visas t\u0101s darbojas uz \"blok\u0137\u0113des tehnolo\u0123ijas\". <\/p>\n

Tr\u012bs blok\u0137\u0113des paaudzes<\/h3>\n

\n\"Atv\u0113rt\u0101
\n
\nTehnolo\u0123iskie sasniegumi un specifiski risin\u0101jumi sist\u0113mas projekt\u0113\u0161an\u0101 ir \u013c\u0101vu\u0161i papla\u0161in\u0101t blok\u0137\u0113des funkcionalit\u0101ti triju paaud\u017eu laik\u0101, kas noticis p\u0113d\u0113jo 10 gadu laik\u0101. \u0160\u012bs paaudzes var iedal\u012bt sekojo\u0161i:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Atv\u0113rtas naudas: nodro\u0161in\u0101t visiem piek\u013cuvi digit\u0101lajiem naudas l\u012bdzek\u013ciem.<\/li>\n
  2. Atv\u0113rtas finanses: padar\u012bt digit\u0101lo naudu programm\u0113jamu un papla\u0161in\u0101t t\u0101s izmanto\u0161anas iesp\u0113jas.<\/li>\n
  3. Atv\u0113rtais internets: papla\u0161in\u0101t atv\u0113rt\u0101s finanses pietiekami t\u0101, lai t\u0101s iek\u013cautu v\u0113rt\u012bgu inform\u0101ciju jebk\u0101da veida un k\u013c\u016btu pieejamas masveida lieto\u0161anai. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nS\u0101ksim ar atv\u0113rt\u0101m naud\u0101m. <\/p>\n

    Pirm\u0101 paaudze: atv\u0113rtas naudas<\/h3>\n

    \nNauda ir kapit\u0101lisma pamat\u0101. Pirmais posms \u013c\u0101va ikvienam no jebkuras vietas piek\u013c\u016bt naudas l\u012bdzek\u013ciem.
    \n<\/i>
    \n\"Atv\u0113rt\u0101
    \n
    \nVieni no vissvar\u012bg\u0101kajiem datiem, ko var glab\u0101t datu b\u0101z\u0113, ir pa\u0161i naudas l\u012bdzek\u013ci. \u0160eit sl\u0113pjas bitkoinu inov\u0101cija: vienk\u0101r\u0161a izplat\u012bta re\u0123istra esam\u012bba, kas \u013cauj visiem piekrist, ka D\u017eoei ir 30 bitkoini un vi\u0146\u0161 tikko nos\u016bt\u012bjis D\u017eilai 1,5 bitkoinus. Bitkoinam ir konfigur\u0113ts uzsvars uz dro\u0161\u012bbu p\u0101r vis\u0101m cit\u0101m parametram. Konsensuss bitkoin\u0101 ir neticami d\u0101rgs, laikietilp\u012bgs un darbojas p\u0113c \"pude\u013cu kakla\" principa, bet p\u0113c modifik\u0101cijas l\u012bme\u0146a tas b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 ir parasts kalkulators summ\u0113\u0161anai un at\u0146em\u0161anai, kas \u013cauj veikt dar\u012bjumus un izpild\u012bt da\u017eas citas, \u013coti ierobe\u017eotas oper\u0101cijas.<\/p>\n

    Bitcoin ir labs piem\u0113rs, kas par\u0101da galven\u0101s priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, uzglab\u0101jot datus blok\u0137\u0113d\u0113: tas nav atkar\u012bgs no starpniekiem un ir pieejams visiem. T\u0101tad ikviens, kam ir bitkoini, var veikt p2p p\u0101rskait\u012bjumu, neizmantojot citu pal\u012bdz\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

    D\u0113\u013c bitcoin sol\u012bt\u0101s vienk\u0101r\u0161\u012bbas un jaudas, \"nauda\" k\u013cuva par vienu no pirmajiem un veiksm\u012bg\u0101kajiem blok\u0137\u0113des lietojumiem. Ta\u010du \"p\u0101r\u0101k l\u0113n\u0101, p\u0101r\u0101k d\u0101rg\u0101 un p\u0101r\u0101k dro\u0161\u0101\" bitcoin sist\u0113ma labi darbojas, lai uzglab\u0101tu akt\u012bvus \u2014 l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 zelts, bet nedarbojas ikdienas lieto\u0161anai, piem\u0113ram, interneta maks\u0101jumiem vai starptautiskiem p\u0101rskait\u012bjumiem. <\/p>\n

    Piel\u0101gojami atv\u0113rti naudas risin\u0101jumi<\/h3>\n

    \n\u0160\u0101d\u0101m lietojuma sh\u0113m\u0101m tika rad\u012btas citas \u0137\u0113des ar cit\u0101m konfigur\u0101cij\u0101m: <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. P\u0101rskait\u012bjumi: lai miljoniem cilv\u0113ku katru dienu var\u0113tu nos\u016bt\u012bt jebk\u0101das summas vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113, nepiecie\u0161ams kaut kas daudz efekt\u012bv\u0101ks un l\u0113t\u0101ks par bitcoin. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 j\u016bsu sist\u0113mai j\u0101nodro\u0161ina pietiekams dro\u0161\u012bbas l\u012bmenis. Ripple un Stellar ir projekti, kas optimiz\u0113ju\u0161i savas \u0137\u0113des \u0161\u012b m\u0113r\u0137a sasnieg\u0161anai.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0100tri dar\u012bjumi: lai miljardi cilv\u0113ku var\u0113tu izmantot digit\u0101lo naudu t\u0101, k\u0101 vi\u0146i izmanto kred\u012btkartes, ir nepiecie\u0161ams, lai \u0137\u0113de labi skalotos, b\u016btu augstas veiktsp\u0113jas un saglab\u0101tu zemas izmaksas. To var izdar\u012bt divos veidos, ziedojot dro\u0161\u012bbu. Pirmais \u2014 uzb\u016bv\u0113t \u0101tr\u0101ku \"otro l\u012bmeni\" virs bitkoina, kas optimiz\u0113 t\u012bklu augstai veiktsp\u0113jai, un p\u0113c dar\u012bjuma pabeig\u0161anas p\u0101rvietot akt\u012bvus atpaka\u013c uz bitkoina \"glab\u0101tuvi\". Viens \u0161\u0101da risin\u0101juma piem\u0113rs ir Lightning Network. Otrais veids \u2014 izveidot jaunu blok\u0137\u0113di, kas nodro\u0161in\u0101s maksim\u0101lu dro\u0161\u012bbas l\u012bmeni, \u013caujot vienlaikus veikt \u0101trus l\u0113tus dar\u012bjumus, k\u0101 tas ir Librai. <\/li>\n
    3. Priv\u0101ti dar\u012bjumi: lai saglab\u0101tu piln\u012bgu konfidencialit\u0101ti dar\u012bjuma laik\u0101, ir j\u0101iek\u013cauj anonimit\u0101tes l\u012bmenis. Tas samazina veiktsp\u0113ju un pal increase cenu, t\u0101 darbojas Zcash un Monero.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka \u0161\u0101di l\u012bdzek\u013ci ir \u017eetoni, kas p\u0101rst\u0101v piln\u012bgi digit\u0101lo akt\u012bvu, tos var ar\u012b programm\u0113t sist\u0113mas pamatn\u012b. Piem\u0113ram, kop\u0113jais Bitcoin skaits, kas tiks ra\u017eots vis\u0101 laik\u0101, ir ieprogramm\u0113ts Bitcoin pamatn\u0113. Izveidojot labu skait\u013co\u0161anas sist\u0113mu virs pamatn\u0113, to var pacelt pavisam jaun\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b.<\/p>\n

      \u0160eit ieiet atv\u0113rt\u0101s finanses.<\/p>\n

      Otr\u0101 paaudze: atv\u0113rt\u0101s finanses<\/h3>\n

      \nAr atv\u0113rtaj\u0101m finans\u0113m nauda vairs nav tikai uzkr\u0101jumu l\u012bdzeklis vai dar\u012bjumu instruments \u2014 tagad no t\u0101s var g\u016bt pe\u013c\u0146u, kas palielina t\u0101s potenci\u0101lu.
      \n<\/i>
      \n\"Atv\u0113rt\u0101
      \n
      \nT\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, kas \u013cauj cilv\u0113kiem publiski veikt Bitcoin p\u0101rvedumus, ar\u012b \u013cauj izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem rakst\u012bt programmas, kas dara to pa\u0161u. Izlemjot to, pie\u0146emam, ka digit\u0101lajai naudai ir sava neatkar\u012bga API, kuras izmanto\u0161anai nav nepiecie\u0161ama API atsl\u0113ga vai lietot\u0101ja vieno\u0161an\u0101s no jebkuras komp\u0101nijas.<\/p>\n

      Tie\u0161i to sola \"atv\u0113rt\u0101s finanses\", kas ir paz\u012bstamas ar\u012b k\u0101 \"decentraliz\u0113t\u0101s finanses\" (DeFi). <\/p>\n

      ETHEREUM<\/h3>\n

      \nK\u0101 jau tika teikts, Bitcoin API ir pietiekami vienk\u0101r\u0161s un mazjaud\u012bgs. T\u0101 ir pietiekama, lai izvietotu Bitcoin t\u012bkl\u0101 skriptus, kas \u013cauj tam darboties. Lai izdar\u012btu kaut ko interesant\u0101ku, ir j\u0101p\u0101rvieto pats Bitcoin uz citu blok\u0137\u0113des platformu, kas nav vienk\u0101r\u0161a uzdevums. <\/p>\n

      Citas platformas str\u0101d\u0101ja pie augsta dro\u0161\u012bbas l\u012bme\u0146a apvieno\u0161anas, kas nepiecie\u0161ams, lai str\u0101d\u0101tu ar digit\u0101lo naudu, pie sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101ka modifik\u0101cijas l\u012bme\u0146a. Ethereum bija pirmais, kas to palaida. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai izmantotu Bitcoin \"kalkulatoru\", kas darbojas tikai ar saskait\u012b\u0161anu un at\u0146em\u0161anu, Ethereum izveidoja veselu virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu virs glab\u0101\u0161anas l\u012bme\u0146a, kas \u013c\u0101va izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem rakst\u012bt pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgas programmas un palaist t\u0101s tie\u0161i uz \u0137\u0113des.<\/p>\n

      Svar\u012bgums ir taj\u0101, ka digit\u0101l\u0101 akt\u012bva (piem\u0113ram, naudas) dro\u0161\u012bba, kas tiek uzglab\u0101ta blok\u0137\u0113d\u0113, ir t\u0101da pati k\u0101 programmu dro\u0161\u012bba un uzticam\u012bba, kas var dabiski main\u012bt \u0161\u012bs \u0137\u0113des st\u0101vokli. Ethereum vied\u0101 l\u012bguma programmas ir b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 bezserveru skripti, kas tiek izpild\u012bti \u0137\u0113d\u0113 tie\u0161i t\u0101pat k\u0101 Bitcoin izpilda parasto dar\u012bjumu \"s\u016bt\u012bt D\u017eilai 23 tokenus\". Dabiskais Ethereum tokens ir eteris jeb ETH.<\/p>\n

      Blok\u0137\u0113des komponenti k\u0101 cauru\u013cvads<\/h3>\n

      \nT\u0101 k\u0101 API virs ETH ir publisks (k\u0101 Bitcoin), ta\u010du bezgal\u012bgi programm\u0113jams, ir izdevies izveidot virkni b\u016bvkop\u0146u, kas p\u0101rnes eteru vienam otram, lai veiktu noder\u012bgu darbu beigu lietot\u0101jam.<\/p>\n

      \u201eParastaj\u0101 pasaul\u0113\u201d tam b\u016btu nepiecie\u0161ams, piem\u0113ram, liels banka, kas sarun\u0101tos par l\u012bgumu nosac\u012bjumiem un piek\u013cuvi API ar katru atsevi\u0161\u0137u pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ju. Bet blok\u0137\u0113d\u0113 katra no \u0161\u012bm b\u016bvkopn\u0113m ir neatkar\u012bgi izstr\u0101d\u0101ta izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju un \u0101tri scalojama l\u012bdz jaudas robe\u017eai miljoniem dol\u0101ru un v\u0113rt\u012bbas uzglab\u0101\u0161anai vair\u0101k nek\u0101 1 miljardu dol\u0101ru 2020. gada s\u0101kum\u0101. <\/p>\n

      Piem\u0113ram, s\u0101ksim ar Dharma, maku, kas \u013cauj lietot\u0101jiem uzglab\u0101t digit\u0101los tokenus un sa\u0146emt procentus no tiem. Tas ir pamatprincipa izmanto\u0161ana tradicion\u0101laj\u0101 banku sist\u0113m\u0101. Dharma izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji pied\u0101v\u0101 procentu likmi saviem lietot\u0101jiem, apvienojot virkni komponentu, kas tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ti uz Ethereum b\u0101zes. Piem\u0113ram, lietot\u0101ju dol\u0101ri tiek konvert\u0113ti uz DAI, Ethereum balst\u012btu stabilo mon\u0113tu, kas ir vien\u0101da ar ASV dol\u0101ru. Tad \u0161is stabilais mon\u0113ts caur \u201ccauru\u013cvadu\u201d tiek p\u0101rnests uz Compound, protokolu, kur\u0161 sniedz \u0161os l\u012bdzek\u013cus aizdevumos ar procentiem un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nekav\u0113joties nopelna procentus lietot\u0101jiem.<\/p>\n

      Atkl\u0101to finans\u0113jumu izmanto\u0161ana<\/h3>\n

      \nGalven\u0101 atzi\u0146a ir t\u0101da, ka galaprodukts, kas non\u0101k pie lietot\u0101ja, ir rad\u012bts, izmantojot daudzus komponentus, katrs no kuriem tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ts atsevi\u0161\u0137as komandas, un \u0161o komponentu izmanto\u0161anai nebija nepiecie\u0161ams ieg\u016bt at\u013cauju vai API atsl\u0113gu. \u0160obr\u012bd \u0161aj\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101 cirkul\u0113 miljardi dol\u0101ru. Tas ir gandr\u012bz k\u0101 atv\u0113rt\u0101 programmat\u016bra, bet, ja atv\u0113rt\u0101 programmat\u016bra prasa lejupiel\u0101d\u0113t konkr\u0113tas bibliot\u0113kas versiju katrai implement\u0101cijai, tad atv\u0113rtie komponenti tiek izvietoti tikai vienu reizi, un tad katrs lietot\u0101js var s\u016bt\u012bt piepras\u012bjumus noteiktam komponentam, lai piek\u013c\u016btu t\u0101 kop\u0113jam st\u0101voklim. <\/p>\n

      Katra no komand\u0101m, kas izstr\u0101d\u0101ja \u0161os komponentus, nenes atbild\u012bbu par jebk\u0101diem p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgiem EC2 r\u0113\u0137iniem, kas rad\u012bti, \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgi izmantojot vi\u0146u API. Las\u012bt\u0101ju un maks\u0101jumu iekas\u0113\u0161ana par komponentu izmanto\u0161anu princip\u0101 notiek autom\u0101tiski \u0137\u0113d\u0113. <\/p>\n

      Veiktsp\u0113ja un konfigur\u0101cija<\/h3>\n

      \nEthereum darbojas ar tiem pa\u0161iem parametriem k\u0101 Bitcoin, bet bloki tiek nodoti t\u012bklam aptuveni 30 reizes \u0101tr\u0101k un l\u0113t\u0101k \u2014 dar\u012bjuma izmaksas ir 0,1 USD, nevis aptuveni 0,5 USD Bitcoin\u0101. Tas nodro\u0161ina pietiekamu dro\u0161\u012bbas l\u012bmeni lietojumprogramm\u0101m, kas p\u0101rvalda finan\u0161u akt\u012bvus un neprasa lielu caurlaidsp\u0113ju.<\/p>\n

      Ethereum t\u012bkls, b\u016bdams pirm\u0101s paaudzes tehnolo\u0123ija, neiztur\u0113ja lielo piepras\u012bjumu slogu un cieta no caurlaidsp\u0113jas ierobe\u017eojumiem 15 dar\u012bjumi sekund\u0113. \u0160\u012b veiktsp\u0113jas tr\u016bkuma rezult\u0101t\u0101 atv\u0113rtie finanses iestr\u0113ga koncepcijas pier\u0101d\u012bjuma st\u0101vokl\u012b. P\u0101rslogotais t\u012bkls darboj\u0101s k\u0101 pasaules finan\u0161u sist\u0113ma analogaj\u0101 laikmet\u0101 ar pap\u012bra \u010dekiem un apstiprin\u0101jumiem pa t\u0101lruni, jo Ethereum skait\u013co\u0161anas jauda ir maz\u0101ka nek\u0101 grafiskajam kalkulatoram<\/a><\/noindex> 1990. gad\u0101. <\/p>\n

      Ethereum ir demontr\u0113jis iesp\u0113jas kombin\u0113t komponentus finan\u0161u lieto\u0161anas mode\u013cos un atv\u0113ris piek\u013cuvi pla\u0161\u0101kai pielietojumu loku, ko sauc par atv\u0113rtu internetu.<\/p>\n

      Tre\u0161\u0101 paaudze: atv\u0113rtais internets<\/h3>\n

      \nTagad viss, kas ir v\u0113rt\u012bgs, var k\u013c\u016bt par naudu, savienojot internetu ar atv\u0113rtiem finan\u0161u pakalpojumiem un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di radot v\u0113rt\u012bbu internetu un atv\u0113rtu internetu.
      \n<\/i>
      \n\"Atv\u0113rt\u0101
      \nK\u0101 min\u0113ts iepriek\u0161, atv\u0113rt\u0101 naudas koncepcija ietver daudz iesp\u0113ju pielietojumu. T\u0101pat tika aprakst\u012bts, k\u0101 n\u0101kam\u0101s paaudzes tehnolo\u0123ija, Ethereum, padar\u012bja atv\u0113rtos naudas l\u012bdzek\u013cus noder\u012bg\u0101kus, izveidojot iesp\u0113jas apvienot atv\u0113rt\u0101s finanses komponentus. Tagad apl\u016bkosim, k\u0101 v\u0113l viena tehnolo\u0123iju paaudze papla\u0161ina atv\u0113rt\u0101s finan\u0161u iesp\u0113jas un atkl\u0101j patieso blok\u0137\u0113des potenci\u0101lu. <\/p>\n

      S\u0101kotn\u0113ji visas \"naudas\", par kur\u0101m tika run\u0101ts, ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i datu veidi, kas tiek glab\u0101ti blok\u0137\u0113d\u0113 ar savu atv\u0113rtu API. Bet datu b\u0101ze var glab\u0101t jebko.<\/p>\n

      T\u0101 k\u0101 blok\u0137\u0113de ir struktur\u0113ta noteikt\u0101 veid\u0101, tai vislab\u0101k der dati ar b\u016btisku v\u0113rt\u012bbu. Noteikums par \"b\u016btisku v\u0113rt\u012bbu\" ir \u013coti elast\u012bgs. Jebkuri dati, kas potenci\u0101li var b\u016bt v\u0113rt\u012bgi cilv\u0113kiem, var tikt tokeniz\u0113ti. Tokeniz\u0101cija \u0161aj\u0101 kontekst\u0101 ir process, kur\u0101 eso\u0161s akt\u012bvs (nevis izveidots no nulles, k\u0101 Bitcoin) tiek p\u0101rnests uz blok\u0137\u0113di un ieg\u016bst t\u0101du pa\u0161u publisko API k\u0101 Bitcoin vai Ethereum. T\u0101pat k\u0101 ar Bitcoin, tas \u013cauj izveidot defic\u012btu (b\u016btu tas 21 miljons tokenu vai vien\u012bgais).<\/p>\n

      Apskat\u012bsim piem\u0113ru ar Reddit, kur lietot\u0101ji nopelna tie\u0161saistes reput\u0101ciju form\u0101 \"karma\". Un apl\u016bkosim Sofi projekta piem\u0113ru, kur\u0101 izmanto daudz krit\u0113riju, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu konkr\u0113ta cilv\u0113ka maks\u0101tsp\u0113ju. M\u016bsdienu pasaul\u0113, ja hackathon komanda, kas izstr\u0101d\u0101 jauno Sofi, v\u0113l\u0113tos iek\u013caut Reddit karmas nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu sav\u0101 kred\u012bta izsnieg\u0161anas algoritm\u0101, tai b\u016btu j\u0101nosl\u0113dz divpus\u0113js l\u012bgums ar Reddit komandu, lai ieg\u016btu sertific\u0113tu piek\u013cuvi API. Ja karma b\u016btu tokeniz\u0113ta, tad \u0161ai komandai b\u016btu visi nepiecie\u0161amie r\u012bki, lai integr\u0113tos ar \"karmu\", un Reddit par to pat neuzzin\u0101tu. Tas vienk\u0101r\u0161i g\u016btu labumu no t\u0101, ka arvien vair\u0101k lietot\u0101ju v\u0113l\u0113tos uzlabot savu karmu, jo tagad t\u0101 ir noder\u012bga ne tikai Reddit, bet ar\u012b vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113.<\/p>\n

      Ja p\u0113t\u012bsim v\u0113l t\u0101l\u0101k \u2014 100 da\u017e\u0101das komandas n\u0101kamaj\u0101 hackathon var\u0113tu izdom\u0101t jaunus veidus, k\u0101 izmantot \u0161o un citus akt\u012bvus, lai izveidotu jaunu kopumu publiski pieejamu atk\u0101rtojamu komponentu vai izstr\u0101d\u0101tu jaunas pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ju lietotnes. T\u0101 ir atv\u0113rt\u0101 interneta ideja.<\/p>\n

      Ethereum \u013c\u0101va viegli nos\u016bt\u012bt lielas summas caur publiskajiem komponentiem, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di ar\u012b nodro\u0161inot iesp\u0113ju nos\u016bt\u012bt jebkuru akt\u012bvu, ko var tokeniz\u0113t, k\u0101 ar\u012b t\u0113r\u0113t, apmain\u012bt, dot tam nodro\u0161in\u0101jumu, main\u012bt to vai citiem veidiem mijiedarboties, k\u0101 noteikts t\u0101 atv\u0113rtaj\u0101 API. <\/p>\n

      Iestat\u012bjumi atv\u0113rtajam internetam<\/h3>\n

      \nAtv\u0113rt\u0101 interneta b\u016bt\u012bba nemain\u0101s sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar atv\u0113rtiem finans\u0113m: tas ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i virsuzb\u016bve p\u0101r t\u0101m. Lai palielin\u0101tu atv\u0113rt\u0101 interneta lietojuma iesp\u0113jas, nepiecie\u0161ams iev\u0113rojams veiktsp\u0113jas uzlabojums, k\u0101 ar\u012b iesp\u0113jas piesaist\u012bt jaunus lietot\u0101jus.<\/p>\n

      Lai atbalst\u012btu atv\u0113rt\u0101 interneta platformu, tai ir nepiecie\u0161amas \u0161\u0101das \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Liela caurlaidsp\u0113ja, augst\u0101ka \u0101truma un l\u0113t\u0101kas transakcijas. T\u0101 k\u0101 \u0137\u0113de vairs tikai nep\u0101rs\u016bta l\u0113nus akt\u012bvu p\u0101rvald\u012bbas risin\u0101jumus, tai ir j\u0101veic m\u0113rogo\u0161ana, lai atbalst\u012btu sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101kus datu tipus un lietojuma scen\u0101rijus. <\/li>\n
      2. Lietojam\u012bba. T\u0101 k\u0101 lieto\u0161anas scen\u0101riji p\u0101ries uz lietot\u0101ju lietotn\u0113m, ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi, lai komponenti, ko izstr\u0101d\u0101 izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji, vai lietotnes, kas izstr\u0101d\u0101tas ar to pal\u012bdz\u012bbu, nodro\u0161in\u0101tu labu pieredzi gala lietot\u0101jam. Piem\u0113ram, kad vi\u0146i izveido kontu vai sasaista eso\u0161o ar da\u017e\u0101diem akt\u012bviem un platform\u0101m, saglab\u0101jot lietot\u0101ja datu kontroli.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\u0160\u0101das \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas iepriek\u0161 nebija nevienai no platform\u0101m to sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c. Bija nepiecie\u0161ami gadi p\u0113t\u012bjumu, lai non\u0101ktu l\u012bdz punktam, kur jaunie konsensa meh\u0101nismi apvienojas ar jaun\u0101m izpildes vid\u0113m un jauniem m\u0113rogo\u0161anas veidiem \u2014 un taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 saglab\u0101tu veiktsp\u0113ju un dro\u0161\u012bbu l\u012bmen\u012b, kas nepiecie\u0161ams naudas akt\u012bviem.<\/p>\n

        Atv\u0113rt\u0101 interneta platforma<\/h3>\n

        \nDesmitiem blok\u0137\u0113des projektu, kas \u0161ogad ien\u0101k tirg\u016b, ir piel\u0101goju\u0161i savas platformas t\u0101, lai t\u0101s b\u016btu izmantojamas da\u017e\u0101diem lietojuma scen\u0101rijiem atv\u0113rtos naudas un atv\u0113rtu finan\u0161u ietvaros. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 tehnolo\u0123ijas ierobe\u017eojumus pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 posm\u0101, vi\u0146iem bija izdev\u012bgi optimiz\u0113t savu platformu konkr\u0113tai ni\u0161ai.<\/p>\n

        NEAR \u2014 vien\u012bg\u0101 \u0137\u0113de, kas apzin\u0101ti uzlabojusi savu tehnolo\u0123iju un piel\u0101gojusi t\u0101s veiktsp\u0113ju t\u0101, lai piln\u012bb\u0101 atbilstu atkl\u0101t\u0101 interneta vajadz\u012bb\u0101m. <\/p>\n

        NEAR apvieno pieejas m\u0113rogo\u0161anai no augstas veiktsp\u0113jas datub\u0101z\u0113m ar uzlabojumiem izpildes laik\u0101 un gadiem ilgiem lieto\u0161anas uzlabojumiem. T\u0101pat k\u0101 Ethereum, NEAR ir pilnv\u0113rt\u012bga virtu\u0101l\u0101 ma\u0161\u012bna, kas izveidota virs blok\u0137\u0113des, ta\u010du, lai t\u0101 \"sp\u0113tu sekot piepras\u012bjumam\", t\u0101s pamat\u0101 eso\u0161\u0101 \u0137\u0113de l\u012bdzsvaro virtu\u0101l\u0101s ma\u0161\u012bnas caurlaidsp\u0113ju, sadalot apr\u0113\u0137inus paral\u0113los procesos (sharding). Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 t\u0101 nodro\u0161ina dro\u0161\u012bbu l\u012bmen\u012b, kas nepiecie\u0161ams dro\u0161ai datu glab\u0101\u0161anai. <\/p>\n

        Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka NEAR var \u012bstenot visus iesp\u0113jamos lietojumus: fiat nodro\u0161in\u0101tas mon\u0113tas, kas visiem dod piek\u013cuvi stabilai val\u016btai, atkl\u0101t\u0101s finan\u0161u meh\u0101nismus, kas papla\u0161in\u0101s l\u012bdz sare\u017e\u0123\u012btiem finan\u0161u instrumentiem un atpaka\u013c l\u012bdz br\u012bdim, kad tos izmanto parastie cilv\u0113ki, un visbeidzot, atkl\u0101t\u0101 interneta lietotnes, kas apvieno visu to ikdienas tirdzniec\u012bbai un mijiedarb\u012bbai.<\/p>\n

        Secin\u0101jums<\/h3>\n

        \nAtkl\u0101t\u0101 interneta v\u0113sture tikai s\u0101kas, jo m\u0113s tikai izstr\u0101d\u0101j\u0101m nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s tehnolo\u0123ijas, lai tas ieg\u016btu savu patieso m\u0113rogu. Tagad, kad \u0161is liels solis ir sperts, n\u0101kotne tiks veidota uz inov\u0101cij\u0101m, ko var rad\u012bt, izmantojot \u0161\u012bs jaunas tehnolo\u0123ijas, k\u0101 ar\u012b uz izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju un uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju tehnolo\u0123isk\u0101s sagatavot\u012bbas, kas atrodas jaun\u0101s realit\u0101tes priek\u0161gal\u0101. <\/p>\n

        Lai izprastu potenci\u0101lo ietekmi, ko atkl\u0101tais internets var rad\u012bt, atcerieties \"Kembrijas spr\u0101dzienu\", kas notika, kad tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ti agr\u012bn\u0101 interneta protokoli, kas nepiecie\u0161ami, lai lietot\u0101ji beidzot var\u0113tu t\u0113r\u0113t naudu tie\u0161saist\u0113 1990. gadu beig\u0101s. N\u0101kamajos 25 gados interneta tirdzniec\u012bba pieauga, \u0123ener\u0113jot apjomus, kas p\u0101rsniedza 2 triljonus dol\u0101ru katru gadu. <\/p>\n

        L\u012bdz\u012bgi, atkl\u0101tais internets papla\u0161ina darb\u012bbas jomu un sasniedz finan\u0161u primitivus atkl\u0101taj\u0101s finans\u0113s, \u013caujot tos iek\u013caut uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas un pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ju orient\u0113t\u0101s lietotn\u0113s veidos, kurus m\u0113s varam nojaust, bet, protams, nevaram paredz\u0113t.<\/p>\n

        S\u0101ksim veidot atkl\u0101to internetu kop\u0101!<\/p>\n

        Neliels resursu saraksts tiem, kas v\u0113las iedzi\u013cin\u0101ties jau tagad:
        \n<\/u>
        \n1. Apskat\u012bt, k\u0101 notiek att\u012bst\u012bba uz NEAR un eksperiment\u0113t tie\u0161saistes IDE var         \u0161eit<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

        2. Izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, kuri v\u0113las pievienoties ekosist\u0113mai \u0161eit<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

        3. Pla\u0161a dokument\u0101cija izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem ang\u013cu valod\u0101 ir pieejama \u0161eit<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

        4. Sekot vis\u0101m zi\u0146\u0101m krieviski var Telegram kopien\u0101<\/a><\/noindex>, un grup\u0101 V\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

        5. Ja jums ir idejas sabiedr\u012bbas p\u0101rvald\u012btiem pakalpojumiem un v\u0113laties pie tiem str\u0101d\u0101t, n\u0101ciet uz m\u016bsu programmu<\/a><\/noindex> uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju atbalsta.
        \n
        Avots:         habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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