{"id":99317,"date":"2021-03-03T10:22:34","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T08:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-openssh-8-5"},"modified":"2021-03-03T10:22:34","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T08:22:34","slug":"reliz-openssh-8-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-openssh-8-5","title":{"rendered":"OpenSSH 8.5 izdo\u0161ana","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0113c piecu m\u0113ne\u0161u izstr\u0101des ir izlaists OpenSSH 8.5, atv\u0113rt\u0101 klienta un servera realiz\u0101cija darbam ar SSH 2.0 un SFTP protokoliem.    <\/p>\n<p>OpenSSH izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji atg\u0101dina par gaid\u0101mo p\u0101reju uz novecoju\u0161iem algoritmiem, kas izmanto SHA-1 hashi, saist\u012bb\u0101 ar pieaugo\u0161o efektivit\u0101ti kol\u012bziju uzbrukumiem ar noteiktu prefiksu (kol\u012bzijas atra\u0161anas izmaksas tiek l\u0113stas aptuveni 50 t\u016bksto\u0161i ASV dol\u0101ru). Vien\u0101 no tuv\u0101kajiem izlaidumiem pl\u0101nots p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma atsl\u0113gt iesp\u0113jamo digit\u0101lo parakstu algoritma ar publisko atsl\u0113gu \u201cssh-rsa\u201d izmanto\u0161anu, kas tiek min\u0113ts ori\u0123in\u0101laj\u0101 RFC SSH protokola dokument\u0101 un joproj\u0101m ir pla\u0161i izplat\u012bts praks\u0113.    <\/p>\n<p>Lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu, vai ssh-rsa tiek izmantota j\u016bsu sist\u0113m\u0101s, varat m\u0113\u0123in\u0101t piesl\u0113gties, izmantojot ssh ar opciju &#171;-oHostKeyAlgorithms=-ssh-rsa&#187;. \u0160is noklus\u0113juma ssh-rsa digit\u0101lo parakst\u012bjumu izsl\u0113g\u0161ana nenoz\u012bm\u0113 piln\u012bgu atteik\u0161anos no RSA atsl\u0113g\u0101m, jo besides SHA-1 SSH protokols at\u013cauj izmantot ar\u012b citus ha\u0161\u0113\u0161anas algoritmus. Jo \u012bpa\u0161i, papildus &#171;ssh-rsa&#187; paliks iesp\u0113ja izmantot savienojumus &#171;rsa-sha2-256&#187; (RSA\/SHA256) un &#171;rsa-sha2-512&#187; (RSA\/SHA512).    <\/p>\n<p>Lai atvieglotu p\u0101reju uz jauniem algoritmiem, OpenSSH 8.5 p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir iek\u013cauta iestat\u012bjums UpdateHostKeys, kas \u013cauj autom\u0101tiski p\u0101rvietot klientus uz dro\u0161\u0101kiem algoritmiem. Izmantojot \u0161o iestat\u012bjumu, tiek aktiviz\u0113ts speci\u0101ls protokola papla\u0161in\u0101jums \u201chostkeys@openssh.com\u201d, kas \u013cauj serverim p\u0113c autentifik\u0101cijas inform\u0113t klientu par visiem pieejamiem hosta atsl\u0113g\u0101m. Klients var iek\u013caut \u0161\u012bs atsl\u0113gas sav\u0101 ~\/.ssh\/known_hosts fail\u0101, kas \u013cauj organiz\u0113t hosta atsl\u0113gu atjauno\u0161anu un vienk\u0101r\u0161o atsl\u0113gu mai\u0146u uz <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"serveri\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2618\">serveri<\/a>.     <\/p>\n<p>UpdateHostKeys izmanto\u0161ana ir ierobe\u017eota ar da\u017e\u0101m piez\u012bm\u0113m, kuras n\u0101kotn\u0113 var tikt atceltas: atsl\u0113gai j\u0101b\u016bt min\u0113tai UserKnownHostsFile un nedr\u012bkst tikt izmantotai GlobalKnownHostsFile; atsl\u0113gai j\u0101b\u016bt tikai ar vienu nosaukumu; hosta atsl\u0113gas sertifik\u0101ts nedr\u012bkst tikt pielietots; known_hosts nedr\u012bkst izmantot maskas, pamatojoties uz hosta nosaukumu; j\u0101atsp\u0113jo iestat\u012bjums VerifyHostKeyDNS; j\u0101b\u016bt aktiviz\u0113tai UserKnownHostsFile parametram.     <\/p>\n<p>Starptautiskaj\u0101s migr\u0101cijai ieteiktajos algoritmos ir min\u0113ti rsa-sha2-256\/512, kas balst\u012bti uz RFC8332 RSA SHA-2 (atbalsta OpenSSH 7.2 un tiek izmantots p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma), ssh-ed25519 (atbalsta OpenSSH 6.5) un ecdsa-sha2-nistp256\/384\/521, kas balst\u012bti uz RFC5656 ECDSA (atbalsta OpenSSH 5.7).           <\/p>\n<p>Citi uzlabojumi:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Izmai\u0146as, kas saist\u012btas ar dro\u0161\u012bbu:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> ssh-agent ir nov\u0113rsta ievainojam\u012bba, ko izraisa jau atbr\u012bvotas atmi\u0146as zonas atk\u0101rtota atbr\u012bvo\u0161ana (double-free). \u0160\u012b probl\u0113ma izpau\u017eas kop\u0161 OpenSSH 8.2 izlai\u0161anas un to potenci\u0101li var izmantot, ja uzbruc\u0113jam ir piek\u013cuve ssh-agent soketam lok\u0101laj\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101. Izmanto\u0161anu sare\u017e\u0123\u012b tas, ka piek\u013cuvi soketam ir tikai root un s\u0101kotn\u0113jam lietot\u0101jam. Visbie\u017e\u0101kais uzbrukuma scen\u0101rijs ir a\u0123enta novirz\u012b\u0161ana uz kontu, kas ir uzbruc\u0113ja kontrol\u0113, vai uz hostu, kuram uzbruc\u0113jam ir root piek\u013cuve.\n<li class=\"l\"> SSHD tagad ir ieviesta aizsardz\u012bba pret \u013coti lielu parametru p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu ar lietot\u0101jv\u0101rdu PAM apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101, kas \u013cauj blo\u0137\u0113t ievainojam\u012bbas PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) sist\u0113miskajos modu\u013cos. Piem\u0113ram, izmai\u0146a \u013cauj nov\u0113rst SSHD izmanto\u0161anu k\u0101 vektoru nesen atkl\u0101tai root ievainojam\u012bbai Solaris\u0101 (CVE-2020-14871).      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Izmai\u0146as, kas potenci\u0101li p\u0101rk\u0101pj sader\u012bbu:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> SSH un SSHD ir p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101ta eksperment\u0101l\u0101 atsl\u0113gu apmai\u0146as metode, kas ir iztur\u012bga pret kvant datoru uzbrukumiem. Kvant datoriem ir radik\u0101li \u0101tr\u0101kas iesp\u0113jas atrisin\u0101t natur\u0101lo skait\u013cu faktoriz\u0101cijas probl\u0113mu, kas ir m\u016bsdienu asimetrisku \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas algoritmu pamats un efekt\u012bvi nav atrisin\u0101ma uz klasiskajiem procesoriem. Izmantojot metodi, kas balst\u012bta uz NTRU Prime algoritmu, kas ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ts postkvantu kriptosist\u0113m\u0101m, un X25519 eliptisko krusto\u0161anas atsl\u0113gu apmai\u0146as metodi. Tagad metode identific\u0113ta k\u0101 sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com (sntrup4591761 algoritms ir aizst\u0101ts ar sntrup761).\n<li class=\"l\"> SSH un SSHD ir main\u012bts atbalsto\u0161o digit\u0101lo parakstu algoritmu pazi\u0146o\u0161anas sec\u012bba. Tagad pirmais tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ts ED25519, nevis ECDSA.\n<li class=\"l\"> SSH un SSHD TOS\/DSCP kvalit\u0101tes parametru iestat\u012bjumi interakt\u012bvajiem sesij\u0101m tagad tiek veikti pirms TCP savienojuma izveides.\n<li class=\"l\"> SSH un SSHD ir p\u0101rtraukts rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se \u0161ifra atbalsts, kas ir identisks aes256-cbc un tika izmantots l\u012bdz RFC-4253 apstiprin\u0101\u0161anai.\n<li class=\"l\"> Por default ir izsl\u0113gts CheckHostIP parameters, kuru ieguvums ir nenoz\u012bm\u012bgs, ta\u010du t\u0101 izmanto\u0161ana b\u016btiski apgr\u016btina atsl\u0113gu rot\u0101ciju hostiem aiz slodzes l\u012bdzsvarot\u0101jiem.      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> SSHD ir pievienotas PerSourceMaxStartups un PerSourceNetBlockSize konfigur\u0101cijas, lai ierobe\u017eotu apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju uzs\u0101k\u0161anas intensit\u0101ti, sasaistot ar klienta adresi. Nor\u0101d\u012btie parametri \u013cauj prec\u012bz\u0101k kontrol\u0113t procesu uzs\u0101k\u0161anas ierobe\u017eojumus sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar visp\u0101r\u0113jo MaxStartups iestat\u012bjumu.\n<li class=\"l\">  SSH un SSHD ir pievienota jauna LogVerbose konfigur\u0101cija, kas \u013cauj piespiest palielin\u0101t re\u0123istr\u0113\u0161anas l\u012bme\u0146a atk\u013c\u016bdo\u0161anas inform\u0101ciju, ar iesp\u0113ju filtr\u0113t p\u0113c \u0161abloniem, funkcij\u0101m un failiem.\n<li class=\"l\"> SSH pie\u0146emot jaunu hosta atsl\u0113gu nodro\u0161ina visu hostu nosaukumu r\u0101d\u012b\u0161anu un <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adreses\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"830\">IP adreses<\/a>, kas saist\u012bti ar atsl\u0113gu.\n<li class=\"l\"> SSH at\u013cauts nor\u0101d\u012bt opciju UserKnownHostsFile=none, lai atsl\u0113gtu known_hosts faila izmanto\u0161anu hosta atsl\u0113gu identifik\u0101cij\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> ssh_config konfig\u016br\u0101cij\u0101 ir pievienota iestat\u012bjuma KnownHostsCommand funkcija, kas \u013cauj ieg\u016bt known_hosts datus no nor\u0101d\u012bt\u0101s komandas izvades.\n<li class=\"l\"> ssh_config konfig\u016br\u0101cij\u0101 ir pievienota opcija PermitRemoteOpen, kas \u013cauj ierobe\u017eot m\u0113r\u0137a punktu, izmantojot RemoteForward ar SOCKS opciju.\n<li class=\"l\"> ssh ar FIDO atsl\u0113g\u0101m nodro\u0161ina atk\u0101rtotu PIN piepras\u012bjumu, ja digit\u0101l\u0101s parakst\u012b\u0161anas oper\u0101cija neizdodas, jo PIN ir nepareizs un lietot\u0101jam nav piepras\u012bts PIN (piem\u0113ram, ja neizdodas ieg\u016bt pareizos biometrijas datus un ier\u012bce atgrie\u017eas pie manu\u0101la PIN ievada).\n<li class=\"l\"> sshd Linux platform\u0101 ir pievienots atbalsts papildu sist\u0113mas izsaukumiem seccomp-bpf balst\u012btaj\u0101 procesu izol\u0101cijas meh\u0101nism\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunin\u0101ta util\u012bta contrib\/ssh-copy-id.          <\/ul>\n<p>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54690\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 OpenSSH 8.5, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c SSH 2.0 \u0438 SFTP. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 OpenSSH \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0438 SHA-1, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c (\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432 50 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432). \u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 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