{"id":99713,"date":"2021-04-13T22:22:34","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T20:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-freebsd-13-0"},"modified":"2021-04-13T22:22:34","modified_gmt":"2021-04-13T20:22:34","slug":"reliz-freebsd-13-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/blog\/news\/reliz-freebsd-13-0","title":{"rendered":"FreeBSD 13.0 laidienu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pusst\u0101 divu ar pusi gadu p\u0113c 12.x zari izveido\u0161anas ir izlaista FreeBSD 13.0 versija, kas ir sagatavota arhitekt\u016br\u0101m amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 un riscv64. Papildus ir izveidoti att\u0113li virtualiz\u0101cijas sist\u0113m\u0101m (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) un m\u0101ko\u0146u vid\u0113m Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine un Vagrant.        <\/p>\n<p>Galven\u0101s jaunin\u0101jumi:    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir \u012bstenota p\u0101reja uz vienotu Linux realiz\u0101ciju failu sist\u0113mai ZFS no projekta OpenZFS. Starp iesp\u0113j\u0101m, kas k\u013cuvu\u0161as pieejamas FreeBSD p\u0113c p\u0101rejas uz OpenZFS, ir: papla\u0161in\u0101ta kvotu sist\u0113ma, datu kopu \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161ana, atsevi\u0161\u0137a bloku sadales klasifik\u0101cija (allocation classes), vektoru procesoru instrukciju izmanto\u0161ana RAIDZ pa\u0101trin\u0101juma un kontrolsummu apr\u0113\u0137ina uzlabo\u0161anai, ZSTD saspie\u0161anas algoritma atbalsts, multihost re\u017e\u012bms (MMP, Multi Modifier Protection), uzlabots komandrindas r\u012bku komplekts, daudzu k\u013c\u016bdu, kas saist\u012btas ar sacens\u012bb\u0101m un blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anu, labojumi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Porte ARM64 (AArch64) ir p\u0101rcelts uz pirmo atbalsta l\u012bmeni (Tier 1), kas ietilpst komandu uzraudz\u012bb\u0101, kas atbild par ievainojam\u012bbu nov\u0113r\u0161anu, laidienu sagatavo\u0161anu un portu uztur\u0113\u0161anu. Pirmais atbalsta l\u012bmenis ietver instal\u0101cijas komplektu, bin\u0101ro atjaunin\u0101jumu un gatavo pakot\u0146u izveidi, k\u0101 ar\u012b garantijas specifisku probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anai un ABI nemain\u012bguma saglab\u0101\u0161anai lietot\u0101ja vid\u0113 un kodol\u0101 (iz\u0146emot da\u017eas apak\u0161sist\u0113mas).\n<li class=\"l\"> i386 arhitekt\u016bra ir p\u0101rcelta uz otro atbalsta platformu l\u012bmeni (Tier 2), kur turpin\u0101s instal\u0101cijas komplektu, bin\u0101ro atjaunin\u0101jumu un gatavo pakot\u0146u izveide, ta\u010du netiek garant\u0113ta specifisku probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161ana. CPU tips (CPUTYPE) i386 arhitekt\u016brai ir noklus\u0113juma main\u012bts no 486 uz 686 (ja v\u0113las, var pa\u0161i izveidot 486 un 586 komplektus).\n<li class=\"l\"> Komponenti clang, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, llvm, libunwind un libc++ ir atjaunin\u0101ti uz 11. versiju.        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Izstr\u0101de ir p\u0101rcelta no centraliz\u0113tas avota koda vad\u012bbas sist\u0113mas Subversion uz decentraliz\u0113tu sist\u0113mu Git.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tika veikta t\u012br\u012b\u0161ana no pamat\u0101 eso\u0161\u0101 sist\u0113mas lietojumprogramm\u0101m, kas tiek izplat\u012btas ar GPL licenci. No avota koka ir no\u0146emti binutils 2.17 un gcc 4.2.1, visu atbalst\u012bto arhitekt\u016bru r\u012bki ir p\u0101rvietoti uz LLVM\/clang. Iek\u013cautas BSD licenc\u0113 izplat\u012bt\u0101s util\u012btas grep un dtc (Device Tree Compiler), kas aizst\u0101ja GPL licenci versijas. No\u0146emta autom\u0101tisk\u0101s mont\u0113\u0161anas procesa amd funkcionalit\u0101te, kuru tagad nodro\u0161ina autofs. No\u0146emta util\u012bta ctm, kuru ieteicams aizvietot ar misc\/ctm portu.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0101rrakst\u012bts mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161anas steks, kur\u0101 pievienota atbalsts nexthop objektiem, kas glab\u0101 st\u0101vok\u013ca datus, ko izmanto, lai nos\u016bt\u012btu paketi uz v\u0113lamo galam\u0113r\u0137i. Pievienota iesp\u0113ja piesl\u0113gt savus mar\u0161rutu mekl\u0113\u0161anas algoritmus. Pievienoti mar\u0161rutu mekl\u0113\u0161anas algoritmi no DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit) librte, kas \u013cauj optimiz\u0113t darbu ar \u013coti liel\u0101m mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161anas tabul\u0101m. Proxyarp piepras\u012bjumiem tiek izmantota fib saskarne. Pievienota sp\u0113ja main\u012bt fib skaitu re\u0101laj\u0101 laik\u0101, izmantojot sysctl net.fibs. Realiz\u0113ta \u012bslaic\u012bgu mar\u0161rutu atbalsts gan IPv4, gan IPv6 (ar noteiktu dz\u012bves ilgumu).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0101rrakst\u012bta un padar\u012bta m\u0113rogojam\u0101ka Multipath mar\u0161rut\u0113\u0161anas atbalsts, kur\u0101 mekl\u0113\u0161anas laiks vairs nav atkar\u012bgs no saraksta lieluma (O(1)). Jaun\u0101 Multipath realiz\u0101cija tagad ir saist\u012bta ar kodola parametru ROUTE_MPATH, kas aizvietoja RADIX_MPATH un ir iek\u013cauts p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma. Multipath p\u0101rvald\u012bbai ieteikts sysctl net.route.multipath.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0101rb\u016bv\u0113ta kodola l\u012bme\u0146a kriptogr\u0101fisk\u0101 ietvara, kur\u0101 pievienots atbalsts m\u016bsdienu kriptogr\u0101fiskajiem algoritmiem un vienk\u0101r\u0161ots interfeiss \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas izmanto\u0161anai draiveros un citos kodola komponentos. No\u0146emti novecoju\u0161ie algoritmi ARC4, Blowfish, CAST128, DES, MD5-HMAC un Skipjack. IPsec un Kerberos p\u0101rtraukta novecoju\u0161o algoritmu atbalsts, kas nor\u0101d\u012bti RFC 8221 un RFC 6649\/8429, tostarp 3DES. No\u0146emti iepriek\u0161 deklar\u0113tie novecoju\u0161ie algoritmi diska \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas apak\u0161sist\u0113m\u0101 geli un cryptodev.\n<li class=\"l\"> GENERIC kodol\u0101 iek\u013cauta aesni un armv8crypto draiveru atbalsts, lai pa\u0101trin\u0101tu diska \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu uz geli b\u0101zes, izmantojot AES-NI instrukcijas amd64\/i386 arhitekt\u016br\u0101m un AES-XTS ARM64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots qat draiveris Intel QuickAssist (QAT) kriptoakseleratoriem un ossl draiveris ar pa\u0101trin\u0101to \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas programmat\u016bru, kas optimiz\u0113ta, izmantojot asemblera kodu. armv8crypto draiver\u012b pievienota AES-XTS un AES-GCM atbalsta izmanto\u0161ana, izmantojot atbilsto\u0161\u0101s ARMv8 procesoru instrukcijas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota TLS (kTLS) ievie\u0161ana, kas darbojas FreeBSD kodola l\u012bmen\u012b, \u013caujot iev\u0113rojami uzlabot \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anas veiktsp\u0113ju TCP soketiem. Atbalst\u012bt\u0101s TLS versijas ir no 1.0 l\u012bdz 1.3. \u0160ifr\u0113\u0161anai tiek izmantoti kodola kripto draiveri ar AES-CBC vai AES-GCM atbalstu. Lai izmantotu kTLS lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101, nepiecie\u0161ama OpenSSL p\u0101rb\u016bve ar iesp\u0113ju WITH_OPENSSL_KTLS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots jauns t\u012bkla buferu mbuf (t\u012bkla datu buferis) tips, kas vien\u0101 bufer\u012b var p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113t vair\u0101kus neatsaucamus fiziskos atmi\u0146as lapas, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di paaugstinot veiktsp\u0113ju, zvanot uz sendfile(2) un samazinot mbuf sarakstu lielumu soketa buferos.\n<li class=\"l\"> TCP stek\u0101 integr\u0113ta proporciju samazin\u0101\u0161anas paketes s\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas algoritma (Proportional Rate Reduction, RFC 6937) atbalsts, kas \u013cauj \u0101tr\u0101k atjaunot optim\u0101los pl\u016bsmas parametrus p\u0113c \u012bslaic\u012bg\u0101m datu p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas probl\u0113m\u0101m. PRR atsl\u0113g\u0161anai ir paredz\u0113ts sysctl net.inet.tcp.do_prr.\n<li class=\"l\"> Papla\u0161in\u0101tas hipervizora Bhyve iesp\u0113jas: pievienota atbalsts failu koplieto\u0161anai, izmantojot VirtIO-9p (VirtFS). Iesp\u0113jams str\u0101d\u0101t ar snapshots. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2050\">virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu<\/a>. Tika atbalsts PCI HDAudio ier\u012bc\u0113m un papildu s\u0113rijas portiem COM3 un COM4. No\u0146emti novecoju\u0161i bvmconsole un bvmdebug ier\u012b\u010du mode\u013ci. Uzlabota stabilit\u0101te darbam ar VNC klientiem, tostarp macOS lietojumprogrammu \u00abScreen Sharing\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> VirtIO draiveros pievienots VirtIO V1 specifik\u0101cijas atbalsts, kas uzlabo viesu sist\u0113mu sader\u012bbu ar FreeBSD un da\u017e\u0101diem emulatoriem un hipervizoriem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Piesl\u0113gto jail-vid\u0113m procesu CPU piesaistes p\u0101rveido\u0161ana ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta (s\u0101kotn\u0113ji piesaist\u012btais cpuset tiks nomain\u012bts, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 jail cpuset un noteiktos ierobe\u017eojumus).      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ir pievienota iesp\u0113ja izveidot pamata FreeBSD sist\u0113mas versijas citos oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mu vid\u0113. Nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba veidot cit\u0101s oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113m\u0101s ir saist\u012bta ar v\u0113lmi izmantot Linux vai macOS balst\u012bt\u0101s nep\u0101rtrauktas integr\u0101cijas r\u012bkus FreeBSD test\u0113\u0161anai.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ierosin\u0101ts jauns MMC\/SD staks, kas balst\u012bts uz CAM ietvara un \u013cauj pievienot SDIO (Secure Digital I\/O) interfeisa ier\u012bces. Piem\u0113ram, SDIO tiek izmantots WiFi un Bluetooth modu\u013cos daudziem d\u0113\u013ciem, piem\u0113ram, Raspberry Pi 3. Jaunais staks ar\u012b \u013cauj izmantot CAM interfeisu, lai s\u016bt\u012btu SD komandas lietojumprogramm\u0101m lietot\u0101ja telp\u0101, dodot iesp\u0113ju izveidot ier\u012b\u010du draiverus, kas darbojas lietot\u0101ja l\u012bmen\u012b.       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uzlabota saskarne Linux sader\u012bbai. DTS (Device Tree Sources) faili ir sinhroniz\u0113ti ar Linux 5.8 kodolu.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota atbalsts NFSv4.2 (RFC-7862) un ieviesta iesp\u0113ja darboties NFS virs \u0161ifr\u0113ta komunik\u0101cijas kan\u0101la, pamatojoties uz TLS 1.3, nevis izmantojot Kerberos (sec=krb5p re\u017e\u012bm\u0101), kas ierobe\u017eoja tikai RPC zi\u0146ojumu \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu un tika \u012bstenots tikai programmat\u016bras veid\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> No\u0146emta novecojusi GDB saskarne, kas iepriek\u0161 bija instal\u0113ta direktorij\u0101 \/usr\/libexec un tika izmantota crashinfo util\u012bt\u0113. Aizvietojot iepriek\u0161\u0113jo GDB, tagad ieteicams instal\u0113t jauno GDB versiju no portiem vai pakotn\u0113m, lai ieg\u016btu detaliz\u0113tu inform\u0101ciju par crashes. Tika p\u0101rtraukta atbalsta snieg\u0161ana procesu atk\u013c\u016bdo\u0161anai caur procfs. Pievienots netgdb draiveris, kas \u013cauj piek\u013c\u016bt kodola atk\u013c\u016bdo\u0161anas r\u012bkam t\u012bkl\u0101.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> No libc ir no\u0146emta nedro\u0161a funkcija gets (s\u0101kot ar C11 standartu \u0161\u012b funkcija tika izsl\u0113gta no specifik\u0101cijas) un veiktas izmai\u0146as portos, kas v\u0113l izmantoja \u0161o funkciju. No\u0146emtas funkcijas cap_random (j\u0101izmanto getrandom).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots jauns sist\u0113mas izsaukums copy_file_range, kas ir sader\u012bgs ar Linux kodola \u012bstenojumu un \u013cauj pa\u0101trin\u0101t datu kop\u0113\u0161anu no viena faila uz citu, veicot oper\u0101ciju tikai kodola pus\u0113 bez iepriek\u0161\u0113jas datu nolas\u012b\u0161anas procesora atmi\u0146\u0101. \u0160is sist\u0113mas izsaukums tiek izmantots ar\u012b <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/lv\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"serveri\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2622\">serveri<\/a> NFSv4.2 lok\u0101lo oper\u0101ciju kop\u0113\u0161anai server\u012b (bez klienta nodo\u0161anas).\n<li class=\"l\"> POSIX AIO asinchron\u0101 ievad\u0113\/izvad\u0113 meh\u0101nism\u0101 ir ieviesta atbalsta vektoriz\u0113taj\u0101m funkcij\u0101m. \u012apa\u0161i pievienoti sist\u0113mas izsaukumi aio_writev un aio_readv, kas \u013cauj realiz\u0113t vektoriz\u0113tos ekvivalentus funkcij\u0101m aio_read un aio_write.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0101rtraukts lietot\u0101ju telpas komponentu atbalsts izpild\u0101mo failu form\u0101ta a.out atbalstam i386 arhitekt\u016bras sist\u0113m\u0101s. No\u0146emt\u0101 util\u012bta elf2aout.\n<li class=\"l\"> Apvienotas util\u012btas ping un ping6. Util\u012bt\u0101 ping pievienota iesp\u0113ja noteikt pakalpojumu kvalit\u0101tes (QoS) parametrus, izmantojot IP DSCP un Ethernet PCP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Util\u012bt\u0101 freebsd-update nodro\u0161in\u0101ta failu lejupiel\u0101des progresu par\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana un pievienotas komandas updatesready un showconfig, lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu atjaunin\u0101jumu pieejam\u012bbu un r\u0101d\u012btu konfigur\u0101ciju.              <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Veikts liels darbs, lai uzlabotu NUMA (No-Uniform Memory Access) sist\u0113mu atbalstu.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Atjaunin\u0101ti grafiskie draiveri un grafisk\u0101 steka komponentes. Atrisin\u0101tas probl\u0113mas ar vidi, kas balst\u012bta uz Wayland protokolu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienota apgaismojuma kontroles draiveriem paredz\u0113ta apak\u0161sist\u0113ma. Pievienots draiveris pwm-backlight, lai p\u0101rvald\u012btu Pinebook un Pinebook Pro apgaismojumu.\n<li class=\"l\"> SCTP protokola atbalsts ir izcelts atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 modul\u012b sctp.ko, kas p\u0113c noklus\u0113juma ir atsl\u0113gts GENERIC kodol\u0101.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ievades ier\u012bc\u0113m pied\u0101v\u0101ts jauns draiveris usbhid, kas izmanto hid ietvaru, lai str\u0101d\u0101tu ar USB HID ier\u012bc\u0113m, nevis draiveriem ukbd, ums un uhid.\n<li class=\"l\"> cpufreq draiver\u012b ir \u012bstenota atbalsta Intel Speed Shift tehnolo\u0123ijai.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pievienots atbalsts jaun\u0101m plat\u0113m ar 64-bit CPU ARMv8, tostarp SoC Broadcom BCM5871X un NXP LS1046A.\n<li class=\"l\"> AMD64 arhitekt\u016br\u0101 \u012bstenots 57-bit virtu\u0101lo adresu (LA57) atbalsts. Pievienots atbalsts \u0137\u012bnie\u0161u x86 CPU Hygon Dhyana, kas balst\u012bts uz AMD tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ports powerpc64 arhitekt\u016brai p\u0101rg\u0101jis uz LLVM izmanto\u0161anu un ABI ELFv2 (bija iepriek\u0161\u0113jo versiju FreeBSD bin\u0101rie faili nevar\u0113s tikt izmantoti FreeBSD 13). Powerpc64 port\u0113ti draiveri virtio, ixl, mrsas, aacraid, cpld.\n<li class=\"l\"> No\u0146emti draiveri novecoju\u0161iem Ethernet adapteriem:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">    bm(4) BMAC\n<li class=\"l\">     cs(4) Crystal Semiconductor CS8900\/CS8920\n<li class=\"l\">    de(4) DEC DC21x4x\n<li class=\"l\">   ed(4) NE-2000 un WD-80\u00d73\n<li class=\"l\">     ep(4) 3Com Etherlink III (3c5x9) ISA\n<li class=\"l\">    ex(4) Intel EtherExpress Pro\/10 and Pro\/10+\n<li class=\"l\">    fe(4) Fujitsu MB86960A\/MB86965A\n<li class=\"l\">     hme(4) Sun Microelectronics STP2002-STQ\n<li class=\"l\">     pcn(4) AMD PCnet\n<li class=\"l\">    sf(4) Starfire\n<li class=\"l\">    sn(4) SMC 91Cxx\n<li class=\"l\">     tl(4) Texas Instruments ThunderLAN\n<li class=\"l\">     tx(4) SMC 83c17x\n<li class=\"l\">    txp(4) 3Com 3XP Typhoon\/Sidewinder (3CR990)\n<li class=\"l\">     vx(4) 3Com EtherLink III \/ Fast EtherLink III (3c59x) PCI\n<li class=\"l\">     wb(4) Winbond W89C840F\n<li class=\"l\">     xe(4) Xircom PCMCIA  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> No\u0146emti draiveri ubsec (kryptoakseleratori Broadcom BCM58xx), ufm (FM radio uztv\u0113r\u0113ji ar USB interfeisu), ctau (Cronix Tau), cx (Cronix Sigma) un vpo (s\u0113rijas port SCSI).        <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Avots: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54962\">opennet.lv<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 12.x \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 FreeBSD 13.0, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 \u0438 riscv64. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0438 Vagrant. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u041e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 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