ProHoster > Blog > fitantanan-draharaha > Torolàlana amin'ny dingana amin'ny fametrahana mpizara DNS BIND amin'ny tontolo chroot ho an'ny Red Hat (RHEL/CentOS) 7

Torolàlana amin'ny dingana amin'ny fametrahana mpizara DNS BIND amin'ny tontolo chroot ho an'ny Red Hat (RHEL/CentOS) 7

Fandikana ny lahatsoratra nomanina ho an'ny mpianatra "Linux Security". Liana amin'ny fampandrosoana amin'io lalana io? Jereo ny firaketana ny fandefasana ny kilasy master an'i Ivan Piskunov "Ny fiarovana amin'ny Linux raha oharina amin'ny Windows sy MacOS"

Torolàlana amin'ny dingana amin'ny fametrahana mpizara DNS BIND amin'ny tontolo chroot ho an'ny Red Hat (RHEL/CentOS) 7

Amin'ity lahatsoratra ity dia handeha aho amin'ny alàlan'ny dingana hananganana mpizara DNS amin'ny RHEL 7 na CentOS 7. Nampiasa Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 aho ho an'ny fihetsiketsehana. Ny tanjonay dia ny hamorona rakitsoratra A iray sy firaketana PTR iray ho an'ny faritra fitadiavana mandroso sy miverina.

Voalohany, apetraho ireo fonosana rpm ilaina ho an'ny mpizara DNS.

FANAMARIHANA: Ho an'ny RHEL dia tsy maintsy manana ianao famandrihana RHN mavitrika, na azonao atao manangana tahiry an-tserasera an-toerana, izay ahafahan'ny mpitantana fonosana "yum" mametraka ny fonosana rpm ilaina sy ny miankina.

# yum install bind bind-chroot caching-nameserver

Ny firafitro:

# hostname
golinuxhub-client.example
Мой IP-адрес 192.168.1.7
# ip address | egrep 'inet.*enp0s3'
    inet 192.168.1.7/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3

Satria hampiasa chroot isika dia mila manafoana ny serivisy.

# systemctl stop named
# systemctl disable named

Adikao ao amin'ny lahatahiry chroot avy eo ireo rakitra ilaina.
FANAMARIHANA. Mampiasà argument -p ao anaty ekipa cp hiaro ny zo sy ny tompony.

[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/*  /var/named/chroot/etc/
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.conf’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones’

Adikao amin'ny toerana vaovao ireo rakitra mifandray amin'ilay faritra.

[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/* /var/named/chroot/var/named/
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/data’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/data’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.external.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.external.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.internal.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.ca’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.ca’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.empty’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.empty’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.localhost’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.localhost’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.loopback’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.loopback’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db’
```bash
Теперь давайте посмотрим на основной файл конфигурации.
```bash
# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/

Fafao ny votoatin'ny name.conf ary apetaho ireto manaraka ireto.

[root@golinuxhub-client etc]# vim named.conf
options {
        listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; any; };
#       listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        allow-query     { localhost; any; };
        allow-query-cache { localhost; any; };
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};

view my_resolver {
        match-clients      { localhost; any; };
        recursion yes;
        include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
};

Tsy maintsy ampiana fampahalalana manokana momba ny faritra /var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones. Ampio ireo lahatsoratra etsy ambany. Ny fisie example.zone dia ny fichier zone lookup, ary ohatra.rzone - fichier faritra mivadika.

FANAMARIHANA: Ny faritra fitadiavana mivadika dia misy 1.168.192 satria ny adiresy IP-ko dia 192.168.1.7

zone "example" IN {
        type master;
        file "example.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "example.rzone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

Ireo rakitra mifandraika amin'ny faritra dia hita eto:

# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/

Manaraka, hamorona rakitra ho an'ny faritra mandroso sy miverina isika. Ny anaran'ny rakitra dia hitovy amin'ny etsy ambony ao amin'ny rakitra name.rfc1912.zones. Efa manana môdely maromaro azo ampiasaina izahay.

# cp -p named.localhost  example.zone
# cp -p named.loopback example.rzone

Araka ny hitanao, ny fahazoan-dàlana amin'izao fotoana izao amin'ny rakitra sy lahatahiry rehetra dia an'ny faka.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# ll
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 May 22  2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  168 May 22  2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  152 May 22  2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   56 May 22  2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   56 May 22  2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2281 May 22  2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  152 May 22  2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  152 May 22  2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  168 May 22  2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   71 Feb 12 21:02 slaves

Ovay ny fahazoan-dàlana amin'ny rakitra rehetra mba hanondroana ny mpampiasa ho tompony faka ary vondrona atao hoe.

# chown root:named *

Fa ho an'ny data ny tompony dia tsy maintsy nomena anarana: nomena anarana.

# chown -R  named:named data
# ls -l
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 named named    6 May 22  2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  168 May 22  2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  152 May 22  2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named   56 May 22  2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named   56 May 22  2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named 2281 May 22  2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  152 May 22  2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  152 May 22  2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  168 May 22  2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  named   71 Feb 12 21:02 slaves

Ampio ity atiny manaraka ity amin'ny fichier zone forward-nao. Eto izahay dia mamorona rakitra A ho an'ny localhost (golinuxhub-client) ary iray hafa ho an'ny mpizara (golinuxhub-server).

# vim example.zone
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  example. root (
                                        1       ; serial
                                        3H      ; refresh
                                        15M     ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        1D )    ; minimum

                IN NS           example.

                        IN A 192.168.1.7
golinuxhub-server       IN A 192.168.1.5
golinuxhub-client       IN A 192.169.1.7

Manaraka, ampio ny votoaty ao amin'ny fisie faritra mifamadika. Eto izahay dia mamorona rakitra PTR ho an'ny golinuxhub-client sy ho an'ny golinuxhub-server.

# vim example.rzone
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  example. root.example. (
                                        1997022700      ; serial
                                        28800           ; refresh
                                        14400           ; retry
                                        3600000         ; expire
                                        86400  )        ; minimum

        IN NS   example.
5       IN PTR  golinuxhub-server.example.
7       IN PTR  golinuxhub-client.example.

Alohan'ny hanombohanay ny serivisy anarana-chroot, andeha hojerentsika ny fandrindrana ny rakitra zone.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.zone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1
OK

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.rzone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1997022700
OK

Toa tsara ny zava-drehetra. Jereo izao ny rakitra fanamafisana amin'ny alàlan'ny baiko manaraka.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot/ /etc/named.conf

Vita soa aman-tsara àry ny zava-drehetra.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# echo $?
0

FANAMARIHANA: Manana SELinux aho amin'ny fomba mamela

# getenforce
Permissive

Toa tsara daholo ny zava-drehetra, ka izao no fotoana hanombohana ny serivisy anarana-chroot .

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl restart named-chroot

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl status named-chroot
● named-chroot.service - Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS)
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named-chroot.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-02-12 21:53:23 IST; 19s ago
  Process: 5236 ExecStop=/bin/sh -c /usr/sbin/rndc stop > /dev/null 2>&1 || /bin/kill -TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 5327 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/named -u named -c ${NAMEDCONF} -t /var/named/chroot $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 5325 ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c if [ ! "$DISABLE_ZONE_CHECKING" == "yes" ]; then /usr/sbin/named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot -z "$NAMEDCONF"; else echo "Checking of zone files is disabled"; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 5330 (named)
   CGroup: /system.slice/named-chroot.service
           └─5330 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf -t /var/named/chroot

Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: managed-keys-zone/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1997022700
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone example/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost.localdomain/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: all zones loaded
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: running
```bash
Убедитесь, что resolv.conf содержит ваш IP-адрес, чтобы он мог работать в качестве DNS-сервера.
```bash
# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search example
nameserver 192.168.1.7
```bash
Давайте проверим наш DNS-сервер для обратной зоны, используя dig.
```bash
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.5

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.5
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40331
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.      IN      PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN      PTR     golinuxhub-server.example.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400   IN      NS      example.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example.                86400   IN      A       192.168.1.7

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; WHEN: Mon Feb 12 22:13:17 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 122

Araka ny hitanao dia nahazo valiny tsara izahay (valiny) tamin'ny fangatahanay (QUERY).

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.7

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.7
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 55804
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.      IN      PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN      PTR     golinuxhub-client.example.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400   IN      NS      example.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example.                86400   IN      A       192.168.1.7

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; WHEN: Mon Feb 12 22:12:54 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 122

Azontsika jerena toy izany koa ny faritra mivantana.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-client.example
Server:         192.168.1.7
Address:        192.168.1.7#53

Name:   golinuxhub-client.example
Address: 192.169.1.7

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-server.example
Server:         192.168.1.7
Address:        192.168.1.7#53

Name:   golinuxhub-server.example
Address: 192.168.1.5

Somary lany andro ity lahatsoratra ity satria ao amin'ny RHEL 7 dia tsy mila mandika ny rakitra fanamafisana mamatotra ao amin'ny chroot ianao. Dingana-by-dingana Tutorial: Ampifanaraho ny mpizara DNS amin'ny alàlan'ny bind chroot (CentOS/RHEL 7).

Source: www.habr.com

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