Ko te Alpine Linux he maha nga wa e taunakihia ana hei ahua turanga mo Docker. Ko te korero ki a koe ma te whakamahi i te Alpine ka iti ake o hanga me te tere o to mahi hanga.
Engari ki te whakamahi koe i te Alpine Linux mo nga tono Python, na:
- Ka puhoi ake to hanga
- Ka nui ake o whakaahua
- Te moumou taima
- A, i te mutunga ka puta he hapa i te wa whakahaere
Me titiro tatou he aha te Alpine i taunakihia ai, engari he aha koe e kore ai e whakamahi me te Python.
He aha nga tangata ka tūtohu Alpine?
Me whakaaro tatou e hiahia ana tatou ki te gcc hei waahanga o to maatau ahua me te hiahia ki te whakataurite i te Alpine Linux me te Ubuntu 18.04 mo te tere hanga me te rahi o te ahua whakamutunga.
Tuatahi, me tango e rua nga whakaahua ka whakataurite i o raatau rahi:
$ docker pull --quiet ubuntu:18.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04
$ docker pull --quiet alpine
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
$ docker image ls ubuntu:18.04
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
ubuntu 18.04 ccc6e87d482b 64.2MB
$ docker image ls alpine
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
alpine latest e7d92cdc71fe 5.59MB
Ka taea e koe te kite, he iti ake te ahua o te ahua mo Alpine. Me ngana ki te whakauru i te gcc ka tiimata me te Ubuntu:
FROM ubuntu:18.04
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y gcc &&
apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
Ko te tuhi i te Dockerfile tino pai kei tua atu i te waahanga o tenei tuhinga.
Me ine i te tere o te huihuinga:
$ time docker build -t ubuntu-gcc -f Dockerfile.ubuntu --quiet .
sha256:b6a3ee33acb83148cd273b0098f4c7eed01a82f47eeb8f5bec775c26d4fe4aae
real 0m29.251s
user 0m0.032s
sys 0m0.026s
$ docker image ls ubuntu-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu-gcc latest b6a3ee33acb8 9 seconds ago 150MB
Ka whakahoki ano matou mo Alpine (Dockerfile):
FROM alpine
RUN apk add --update gcc
Ka huihui matou, tirohia te wa me te rahi o te huihuinga:
$ time docker build -t alpine-gcc -f Dockerfile.alpine --quiet .
sha256:efd626923c1478ccde67db28911ef90799710e5b8125cf4ebb2b2ca200ae1ac3
real 0m15.461s
user 0m0.026s
sys 0m0.024s
$ docker image ls alpine-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine-gcc latest efd626923c14 7 seconds ago 105MB
I oatihia, he tere ake te kohia o nga whakaahua a Alpine me te iti ake: 15 hēkona kaua e 30 me te rahi o te ahua ko te 105MB ki te 150MB. He tino pai!
Engari ki te huri tatou ki te hanga i tetahi tono Python, karekau nga mea katoa e tino maamaa.
Whakaahua Python
Ka whakamahia e nga tono Python nga pandas me te matplotlib. Na reira, ko tetahi waahanga ko te tango i te ahua o Debian-a-ringa ma te whakamahi i tenei Dockerfile:
FROM python:3.8-slim
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
Kia kohi tatou:
$ docker build -f Dockerfile.slim -t python-matpan.
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-slim
---> 036ea1506a85
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 13739b2a0917
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.1 MB)
Collecting pandas
Downloading pandas-0.25.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.4 MB)
...
Successfully built b98b5dc06690
Successfully tagged python-matpan:latest
real 0m30.297s
user 0m0.043s
sys 0m0.020s
Ka whiwhi tatou i te ahua o te 363MB te rahi.
Ka pai ake taatau ki a Alpine? Kia tamata tatou:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
$ docker build -t python-matpan-alpine -f Dockerfile.alpine .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-alpine
---> a0ee0c90a0db
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 6740adad3729
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz (40.9 MB)
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/
tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'rn'"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/pip-egg-info
...
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install matplotlib pandas' returned a non-zero code: 1
He aha kei te haere?
Kaore a Alpine e tautoko i nga wira
Mena ka titiro koe ki te hanga, kei runga i a Debian, ka kite koe kei te tango matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl.
He tohu-rua tenei mo te wira. Ka tango a Alpine i nga puna `matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz` i te mea kaore i te tautoko i te paerewa .
He aha? Ko te nuinga o nga tohatoha Linux e whakamahi ana i te putanga GNU (glibc) o te whare pukapuka paerewa C, e hiahiatia ana e ia papatono kua tuhia ki te C, tae atu ki te Python. Engari kei te whakamahi a Alpine i te `musl`, na te mea i hangaia aua rua mo te `glibc`, ehara i te mea he whiringa.
No reira, ki te whakamahi koe i te Alpine, me whakahiato e koe nga waehere katoa kua tuhia ki te C ki ia kete Python.
Ae, me rapu koe mo te rarangi o nga momo whakawhirinakitanga katoa me whakahiato koe.
I tenei keehi ka whiwhi tatou i tenei:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN apk --update add gcc build-base freetype-dev libpng-dev openblas-dev
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
A ka roa te wa hanga ...
... 25 meneti 57 hēkona! A ko te rahi o te ahua ko 851MB.
He roa ake te hanga o nga whakaahua a-Alpine, he nui ake te rahi, me rapu tonu koe mo nga whakawhirinakitanga katoa. Ka taea e koe te whakaiti i te rahi o te huihuinga ma te whakamahi engari ko te tikanga me nui ake te mahi.
E kore koira katoa!
Ka taea e Alpine te hanga i nga pepeke ohorere i te wa whakahaere
- I roto i te ariā, he hototahi te musl ki te glibc, engari i roto i nga mahi ka raru pea nga rereketanga. A, ki te he ratou, kare pea e pai. Anei etahi raruraru ka puta pea:
- He iti ake te rahi o te puranga miro a Alpine ma te taunoa, tera pea ka puta
- Kua kitea e etahi o nga kaiwhakamahi na te huarahi e tohatoha mahara ai a musl (he rereke mai i te glibc).
- Ko tetahi o nga kaiwhakamahi
He pono kua whakatikahia enei hapa, engari ko wai ka mohio e hia kee atu.
Kaua e whakamahia nga whakaahua Alpine mo Python
Mena kaore koe e hiahia ki te whakararuraru i nga hanga nui me te roa, te rapu i nga whakawhirinaki me nga hapa pea, kaua e whakamahi i te Alpine Linux hei ahua turanga. .
Source: will.com