Hei Habr!
I tetahi wa ka whakatau ahau ki te hono i taku raspberry ki te Ipurangi ma runga i te rangi.
Kaore i roa ka kii atu, mo tenei kaupapa i hokona e ahau he whistle usb wi-fi mai i te kamupene rongonui TP-Link mai i te toa tata. Ka kii tonu ahau ehara tenei i te momo nano usb module, engari he taputapu nui, mo te rahi o te puku kohiko noa (mehemea ka pai koe, te rahi o te maihao tohu o te tangata pakeke). I mua i te hoko, i rangahauhia e au te rarangi o nga kaihanga whistle tautoko mo te RPI me te TP-Link kei runga i te rarangi (engari, i te mea i puta mai i muri mai, kaore au i aro ki nga hianga, na te mea ko te rewera, e mohio ana tatou. , kei roto i nga korero). Na, ka timata te korero makariri o aku aitua; ka whakaatuhia e matou ki a koe tetahi korero kaitukino e toru nga waahanga. Mo te hunga e hiahia ana, tirohia te ngeru.
Tuhinga I awhina ahau i tetahi waahanga, engari ko nga mea tuatahi ko te tuatahi.
Nga tikanga o te raruraru
Ka hoatu:
- rorohiko papa kotahi Raspberry Pi 2 B v1.1 – 1 wahi
- whiowhio wi-fi usb WN727N - 1 wahi
- he rua o nga ringaringa kaore i tino kopikopiko - 2 nga waahanga
- Ko te Raspbian hou kua whakauruhia hei OS (i runga i te Debian 10 Buster)
- putanga kernel 4.19.73-v7+
Kimihia: hono ki te Ipurangi (Ka tohatohahia a Wi-Fi mai i to pouara kaainga)
I muri i te wetewete i te urutau, ka panui ahau i nga tohutohu o roto:
Hototahi Pūnaha: Windows 10/8/7/XP (tae noa ki te rangi, ahakoa XP) me MacOS 10.9-10.13
Hmm, penei i mua, kaore he kupu mo Linux. Ko te 2k19, a me whakahiato a ringa nga taraiwa...
I a matou e 2 nga kaiwhakatakoto korero, 75 mano nga whare pukapuka, e rima nga pupuhi rua, te haurua o nga wahine tahanga me te tohu me te moana katoa o nga pane o nga reo katoa me nga tohu. Ehara i te mea he huinga tika tenei mo te mahi. Engari ka timata koe ki te whakaemi i tetahi punaha mo koe, ka uaua ki te whakamutu. Ko te mea anake i awangawanga ahau ko nga taraiwa mo te wi-fi. Kaore he mea kee atu, he kore haepapa me te pirau i te hanga taraiwa mai i te puna. Engari i mohio au ka huri tatou ki tenei para.
I te nuinga o te wa, e mohio ana koe, ko te kopikopiko me te usb wi-fi i runga i te Linux te mamae me te ahua kore (penei i te sushi Russian).
Kei te pouaka ano he CD me nga taraiwa. Ma te kore e tino tumanako ka titiro ahau ki nga mea kei runga - karekau ratou i tiaki. Na te rapu Ipurangi i kawe ahau ki te paetukutuku a te kaihanga, engari he taraiwa Linux kei reira anake mo te whakatikatika i nga taputapu v4, i roto hoki i oku ringa v5.21. I tua atu, mo nga putanga kernel tawhito 2.6-3.16. I te pouri i te korenga i te timatanga, kua whakaaro ahau me tango e ahau te TL-WN727N (he iti ake te utu ka taea e au te kawe i te 300Mbps me te 150 mo au, engari i te mea kua puta, kaore he mea nui mo tenei. te rōpere, ka tuhia tenei mo muri mai). Engari ko te mea nui kei te noho tonu nga taraiwa mo taua mea ka whakauruhia noa hei kete firmware-ralink. Ka taea e koe te tiro i te whakahoutanga o te taputapu i runga i te tinana o te taputapu i runga i te whakapiri i te taha o te tau rangatū.
Ko te tirotiro haere me te toro ki nga momo huihuinga kaore i tino pai. Te ahua nei kaore tetahi i mua i ahau i ngana ki te hono i taua urutau ki Linux. Hmm, he waimarie ahau ano he tangata toremi.
Ahakoa, kao, e teka ana ahau, ko te toro ki nga huihuinga (ko te nuinga o te reo pakeha) ka hua ano, i etahi kaupapa i whakahuahia tetahi Mr. . Ko tana putunga git kei te mutunga o te tuhinga kei roto i nga hononga. A ko te akoranga tuarua i akohia e au me tautuhi koe i to taputapu kia mohio ai koe ko wai te taraiwa e tika ana mo taua taputapu.
Wāhanga 1: The Bourne Identity
I te wa i whakauruhia ai te taputapu ki roto i te tauranga, o te akoranga, kaore he rama rama. A, i te nuinga o te waa kaore i te maarama mena ka mahi tetahi mea, kaore ranei.
Tuatahi, ki te mohio mena ka kite te kernel i ta maatau taputapu, ka titiro ahau ki te dmesg:
[ 965.606998] usb 1-1.3: new high-speed USB device number 9 using dwc_otg
[ 965.738195] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=2357, idProduct=0111, bcdDevice= 0.00
[ 965.738219] usb 1-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 965.738231] usb 1-1.3: Product: 802.11n NIC
[ 965.738243] usb 1-1.3: Manufacturer: Realtek
[ 965.738255] usb 1-1.3: SerialNumber: 00E04C0001
I puta mai ka kite, ka tino marama ano he maramara Realtek me te VID / PID o te taputapu ake i runga i te pahi USB.
Kia anga ake ka titiro lsusb, i konei ka tatari mai tetahi atu hinganga ki a tatou
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 2357:0111
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMC9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Kaore te punaha e mohio he aha te ahua o te taputapu, a ka whakaatuhia he waahi kau hei utu mo te ingoa (ahakoa ko te kaihoko=2357 he TP-Link).
I tenei wa, kua kite pea te kaipanui rapu i tetahi mea whakamere, engari ka waiho e tatou kia tae noa ki to tatou wa.
I te rangahau i te raruraru o nga ingoa kau i arahina ahau ki tetahi pae me nga tohu, kei reira nga korero mo te VID/PID e mohiotia ana. Ko ta matou 2357:0111 kaore i reira. Ka rite ki tahuri te reira i roto i muri, te whaipainga lsusb whakamahi kōnae /usr/share/misc/usb.ids, he rite tonu te rarangi o nga ID mai i tenei pae. Mo te ataahua o te whakaaturanga, i taapiri noa ahau i nga raina mo te kaihoko TP-Link i roto i taku punaha.
2357 TP-Link
0111 TL-WN727N v5.21
Ae, i whakatikahia e matou te whakaaturanga i roto i te rarangi o nga taputapu, engari kaore i tata ki te whiriwhiri i te taraiwa. Hei whiriwhiri i tetahi taraiwa, me mohio koe he aha te maramara i mahia ai to whiowhio. Ko nga nganatanga kaore i angitu i muri mai ki te rapu i tenei i runga i te Ipurangi kaore i arahi ki tetahi mea pai. Ka mau ahau ki te kaitahuri angiangi, ka tangohia e ahau te potae urutau, ka puta te whakaaro nanakia a Uncle Liao i roto i tona noho tahangatanga. I raro i te karaehe whakanui ka kite koe i te ingoa o te maramara - RTL8188EUS. He pai kee tenei. I etahi huihuinga i kite ahau i nga panui e pai ana te taraiwa mai i taua tangata rangatira lwfinger mo tenei maramara (ahakoa ka tuhi noa ia mo RTL8188EU).
Wāhanga 2: The Bourne Supremacy
Ka tango ahau i nga puna taraiwa mai i Git.
Kua tae ki te wa ki te whakauru ano i te Matapihi me te mahi i nga mea e pa ana ki nga kaiwhakamahi Linux - te whakaemi i tetahi mea mai i etahi momo. Ko te whakaemi i nga taraiwa, he rereke te rereke mai i te whakahiato papatono:
make
sudo make install
engari ki te whakahiato i nga waahanga kernel ka hiahia matou ki nga konae pane pane kernel mo ta maatau putanga motuhake.
He kete kei roto i te putunga taonga raspberrypi-kernel-headers, engari kei roto te putanga kernel o nga konae 4.19.66-v7l+, a kaore e pai ki a maatau. Engari ki te tiki i nga pane o te putanga e hiahiatia ana, i te mea i puta mai, he taputapu watea rpi-puna (hono i te mutunga ki Github), ka taea e koe te tango i nga pane e tika ana. Ka katihia e matou te putunga, ka mahia te tuhinga, ka whakahaere. Ka rahua te whakarewanga tuatahi na te hapa - karekau he whaipainga bc. Waimarie, kei roto i te putunga ka whakauruhia noa e matou.
sudo apt-get install bc
I muri i tenei, ka timata ano me te tango i nga pane (katahi ka whakarite i tetahi mea, kaore au e mahara inaianei) ka roa te wa ka taea e koe te noho ki runga i to tuuru, kua pai ake a Windows i ona whakaaturanga katoa.
I muri i te tango i nga pane katoa, tirohia kei te puta te whaiaronga /lib/modules/4.19.73-v7+ kei roto te symlink e tohu ana ki te waahi kei reira nga konae kua tikiakehia (ko au ko /home/pi/linux):
pi@raspberrypi:/home/pi/rtl8188eu# ls -l /lib/modules/4.19.73-v7+/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Sep 24 22:44 build -> /home/pi/linux
Kua oti te waahi whakarite, ka taea e koe te timata i te huihuinga. He roa te wa ki te whakaemi i nga waahanga, ehara te Raspberry i te kararehe tere (he 32bit 900Mhz Cortex ARM v7).
Na ka whakahiato nga mea katoa. Ka whakauruhia e matou te taraiwa i te waahanga tuarua (whakauruhia), me te kape ano i etahi atu konae firmware e tika ana kia mahi te taraiwa:
install:
install -p -m 644 8188eu.ko $(MODDESTDIR)
@if [ -a /lib/modules/$(KVER)/kernel/drivers/staging/rtl8188eu/r8188eu.ko ] ; then modprobe -r r8188eu; fi;
@echo "blacklist r8188eu" > /etc/modprobe.d/50-8188eu.conf
cp rtl8188eufw.bin /lib/firmware/.
/sbin/depmod -a ${KVER}
mkdir -p /lib/firmware/rtlwifi
cp rtl8188eufw.bin /lib/firmware/rtlwifi/.
Wāhanga 3. Te Bourne Ultimatum
Ka kuhu ahau i te whiowhio ki te tauranga ka... karekau he mea ka puta. He kore noa iho?
Ka tiimata ahau ki te ako i nga konae kei roto i te kaupapa, ka kitea e au he aha te raru: ka tohua e te taraiwa he rarangi katoa o nga tohu tohu VID/PID ka taea e ia te mahi. A kia mahi tahi ai ta maatau taputapu me tenei taraiwa, ka taapiri noa taku id ki te konae rtl8188eu/os_dep/usb_intf.c
static struct usb_device_id rtw_usb_id_tbl[] = {
/*=== Realtek demoboard ===*/
{USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDER_ID_REALTEK, 0x8179)}, /* 8188EUS */
{USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDER_ID_REALTEK, 0x0179)}, /* 8188ETV */
/*=== Customer ID ===*/
/****** 8188EUS ********/
{USB_DEVICE(0x07B8, 0x8179)}, /* Abocom - Abocom */
{USB_DEVICE(0x0DF6, 0x0076)}, /* Sitecom N150 v2 */
{USB_DEVICE(0x2001, 0x330F)}, /* DLink DWA-125 REV D1 */
{USB_DEVICE(0x2001, 0x3310)}, /* Dlink DWA-123 REV D1 */
{USB_DEVICE(0x2001, 0x3311)}, /* DLink GO-USB-N150 REV B1 */
{USB_DEVICE(0x2001, 0x331B)}, /* D-Link DWA-121 rev B1 */
{USB_DEVICE(0x056E, 0x4008)}, /* Elecom WDC-150SU2M */
{USB_DEVICE(0x2357, 0x010c)}, /* TP-Link TL-WN722N v2 */
{USB_DEVICE(0x2357, 0x0111)}, /* TP-Link TL-WN727N v5.21 */
{} /* Terminating entry */
};
I whakahiatohia e ahau te taraiwa me te whakauru ano ki te punaha.
A i tenei wa ka timata nga mea katoa. I mura te rama i runga i te urutau ka puta he taputapu hou ki te rarangi o nga atanga whatunga.
Ko te tiro i nga atanga ahokore e whakaatu ana i enei e whai ake nei:
pi@raspberrypi:/home/pi/rtl8188eu# iwconfig
eth0 no wireless extensions.
lo no wireless extensions.
wlan0 unassociated ESSID:"" Nickname:"<WIFI@REALTEK>"
Mode:Auto Frequency=2.412 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated
Sensitivity:0/0
Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=0/100 Signal level=0 dBm Noise level=0 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
Takoha mo te hunga panui ki te mutunga
Kia mahara ki taku kii kaore he aha he aha te tere teitei e kiia ana i runga i to urutau?
Na, i runga i te Malinka (i mua i te tukunga o te tauira 4), ka noho nga taputapu katoa (tae atu ki te urutau ethernet) i runga i te pahi USB kotahi. Rawe, tika? Na reira ka wehewehea te bandwidth o te pahi USB ki waenga i nga taputapu katoa kei runga. I te ine i te tere ma te ethernet me te USB wi-fi (hono ki te 1 pouara) ma te hau me te waea, tata ki te 20Mbit/s.
PS I te nuinga o te waa, ko tenei aratohu mo te whakahiato taraiwa mo tenei urutau motuhake e tika ana ehara mo te RPI anake. Na ka whakahoki ano ahau i runga i taku papamahi me te Linux Mint - i mahi nga mea katoa ki reira. Me tango noa koe i nga konae pane e tika ana mo to putanga kernel i te huarahi ano.
UPD. I kii nga tangata mohio: kia kore ai e whakawhirinaki ki te putanga kernel, me kohikohi me te whakauru i nga taraiwa ma te whakamahi i te dkms. Kei roto i te panui mo te taraiwa tenei whiringa.
pi@raspberrypi:/home/pi# sudo dkms add ./rtl8188eu
pi@raspberrypi:/home/pi# sudo dkms build 8188eu/1.0
pi@raspberrypi:/home/pi# sudo dkms install 8188eu/1.0
UPD2. Ka whakaarohia mo te id taputapu i whakaaetia ki te peka auraki o te rehitatanga lwfinger/rtl8188eu.
tohutoro
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Source: will.com