Ma te whakamahi i te NVME SSD hei puku punaha i runga i nga rorohiko me te BIOS tawhito me te Linux OS

Ma te whakamahi i te NVME SSD hei puku punaha i runga i nga rorohiko me te BIOS tawhito me te Linux OS

Ma te whirihoranga tika, ka taea e koe te peke mai i te puku NVME SSD ahakoa i runga i nga punaha tawhito. E kiia ana ka taea e te punaha whakahaere (OS) te mahi me te NVME SSD. Kei te whakaaro ahau ki te utaina te OS, na te mea me nga taraiwa e waatea ana i te OS, ka kitea te NVME SSD i roto i te OS i muri i te utaina ka taea te whakamahi. Kaore he taputapu taapiri e hiahiatia mo Linux. Mo nga punaha whakahaere o te whanau BSD me etahi atu Unix, he pai ano te tikanga.

Hei peke mai i tetahi puku, he mea tika kia mau i te kaupapa whakaoho tuatahi (BPP), BIOS, EFI ranei (UEFI) nga taraiwa mo tenei taputapu. Ko nga taraiwa NVME SSD he taputapu hou kua whakaritea ki te BIOS, a kaore he taraiwa pera i roto i te firmware o nga papahoa papa tawhito. I roto i te EFI kaore he tautoko NVME SSD, ka taea e koe te taapiri i te waehere e tika ana, katahi ka taea te mahi me tenei taputapu - ka taea e koe te whakauru i te punaha whakahaere me te tarai. Mo nga punaha tawhito me nga mea e kiia ana. "Ko te BIOS tuku iho" ka utaina te OS kaore pea e taea. Heoi, ka taea tenei te mahi.

Me pehea te mahi

I whakamahia e ahau te openSUSE Leap 15.1. Mo etahi atu punaha Linux ka rite tonu nga mahi.

1. Me whakarite te rorohiko mo te whakauru i te punaha whakahaere.
Kei te hiahia koe he PC, he tūmau ranei he PCI-E 4x kore utu, he hononga roa ake ranei, ahakoa he aha te putanga, he ranea te PCI-E 1.0. Ko te tikanga, ko te ahua hou o te putanga PCI-E, ka nui ake te tere. Ae, me te mea, he NVME SSD me te M.2 ki te PCI-E 4x urutau.
Me hiahia ano koe ki tetahi momo taraiwa me te kaha o te 300 MB neke atu ranei, ka kitea mai i te BIOS me te mea ka taea e koe te uta i te OS. Ka taea tenei he puku pakeke me te hononga IDE, SATA, SCSI ranei. SAS. He puku kohiko USB ranei he kaari mahara ranei. Kare e uru ki te kōpae pīngore. Kare te CD-ROM e mahi, me tuhi ano. DVD-RAM - kaore he whakaaro. Karangahia tenei mea he "puku BIOS tuku iho".

2. Utaina a Linux mo te whakaurunga (mai i te kōpae whatu, te puku kohiko bootable, me etahi atu).

3. Ina tohuhia te kōpae, ka tohatohahia e matou te OS ki waenga i nga puku e waatea ana:
3.1. Me hanga he wehewehenga mo te GRUB boot loader i te timatanga o te "puku BIOS tuku iho" me te rahi o te 8 MB. Ka kite ahau kei te whakamahi tenei i tetahi waahanga o openSUSE - GRUB i runga i tetahi waahanga motuhake. Mo te openSUSE, ko te punaha konae taunoa (FS) ko BTRFS. Mena ka waiho e koe te GRUB ki runga i te waahanga me te punaha konae BTRFS, kaore te punaha e pupuhi. Na reira, ka whakamahia he waahanga motuhake. Ka taea e koe te whakanoho i te GRUB ki tetahi atu waahi, i te mea e putu ana.
3.2. I muri i te wehewehenga me te GRUB, ka hangaia e matou he waahanga me tetahi waahanga o te kōpaki punaha ("pakiaka"), ara "/boot /", 300 MB te rahi.
3.3. Ko nga mea e toe ana - te toenga o te kōpaki punaha, te wehewehenga mo te whakawhiti, te wehewehenga kaiwhakamahi "/home/" (mehemea ka whakatau koe ki te hanga i tetahi) ka taea te whakanoho ki runga i te NVME SSD.

I muri i te whakaurunga, ka utaina e te punaha te GRUB, ka utaina nga konae mai i te /boot/, ka mutu ka waatea te NVME SSD, katahi ka peke nga punaha mai i te NVME SSD.
I roto i te mahi, i whiwhi ahau i te tere tere.

Nga whakaritenga kaha mo te "puku BIOS tuku iho": 8 MB mo te wehewehenga GRUB - koinei te taunoa, me tetahi waahi mai i te 200 MB mo /boot/. I tangohia e ahau te 300 MB me tetahi rahui. I te wa e whakahou ana i te kernel (me te whakauru i nga mea hou), ka whakakiia e Linux te /boot/ wehewehe me nga konae hou.

Te Tere me te Whakatau Utu

Ko te utu o te NVME SSD 128 GB he ahua mai i te 2000 rubles.
Ko te utu o te M.2 - PCI-E 4x adapter he tata ki te 500 rubles.
He M.2 - PCI-E 16x adapters mo te hoko mo nga puku NVME SSD e wha, he utu mai i te 3000 rubles. - ki te hiahia tetahi.

Tepe tere:
PCI-E 3.0 4x mo te 3900 MB/s
PCI-E 2.0 4x 2000 MB/s
PCI-E 1.0 4x 1000 MB/s
Ko nga taraiwa me te PCI-E 3.0 4x ka eke ki te tere o te 3500 MB/s i roto i te mahi.
Ka taea e tatou te whakaaro ko te tere ka taea te penei:
PCI-E 3.0 4x mo te 3500 MB/s
PCI-E 2.0 4x mo te 1800 MB/s
PCI-E 1.0 4x mo te 900 MB/s

Ko tehea te tere ake i te SATA 600 MB/s. Ko te tere e taea ana mo te SATA 600 MB/s he 550 MB/s.
I tua atu, i runga i nga papahoa tawhito ko te tere SATA o te kaiwhakahaere i runga i te poari kaore pea i te 600 MB/s, engari 300 MB/s, 150 MB/s ranei. I konei, te kaiwhakahaere o runga = SATA te kaiwhakahaere i hangaia ki te piriti tonga o te chipset.

Ka kite ahau ka mahi a NCQ mo nga SSD NVME, engari kaore pea tenei mo nga kaiwhakahaere o runga papa.

I mahia e au nga tatauranga mo te PCI-E 4x, engari he pahi PCI-E 2x etahi puku. He nui tenei mo te PCI-E 3.0, engari mo nga paerewa tawhito PCI-E - 2.0 me te 1.0 - he pai ake te kore e whakamahi i nga SSD NVME penei. Ano hoki, he tere ake te puku me te putunga i te ahua o te maramara mahara ki te kore.

Mo te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakarere i te kaiwhakahaere SATA i runga i te poari, ka tūtohu ahau ki te whakamahi i te kaiwhakahaere Asmedia ASM 106x (1061, me etahi atu), e whakarato ana i nga tauranga SATA 600 e rua (roto, waho ranei). He pai te mahi (i muri i te whakahou firmware) me te tautoko i te NCQ i te aratau AHCI. Ka hono ma PCI-E 2.0 1x pahi.

Ko tona tere teitei:
PCI-E 2.0 1x 500 MB/s
PCI-E 1.0 1x 250 MB/s
Ko te tere ka taea:
PCI-E 2.0 1x 460 MB/s
PCI-E 1.0 1x 280 MB/s

He nui tenei mo te SATA SSD e rua ranei nga HDD.

Kua kitea nga ngoikoretanga

1. Kaore e taea te panui Tawhā SMART me te NVME SSD, he raraunga whanui noa mo te kaihanga, tau rangatū, aha atu. Na te mea kua tawhito rawa te papahoa papa. Mo aku whakamatautau kino, i whakamahia e ahau te MP tawhito i kitea e au, me te nForce4 chipset.

2. Me mahi a TRIM, engari me tirotiro tenei.

mutunga

He maha ano nga mea ka taea: hoko mai i te kaiwhakahaere SAS me te hononga PCI-E 4x ranei 8x (kei reira 16x ranei 32x?). Engari, ki te mea he iti, ka tautokohia e ratou te SAS 600, engari ko SATA 300, me nga mea utu nui ka nui ake te utu me te puhoi atu i te tikanga kua tohua i runga ake nei.

Mo te whakamahi me te M$ Windows, ka taea e koe te whakauru i etahi atu rorohiko - he kaitaunaki me nga taraiwa whakauru mo te NVME SSD.

Tirohia konei:
www.win-raid.com/t871f50-Guide-How-to-get-full-NVMe-support-for-all-Systems-with-an-AMI-UEFI-BIOS.html
www.win-raid.com/t3286f50-Guide-NVMe-boot-for-systems-with-legacy-BIOS-and-older-UEFI-DUET-REFIND.html
forum.overclockers.ua/viewtopic.php?t=185732
pcportal.org/forum/51-9843-1
mrlithium.blogspot.com/2015/12/how-to-boot-nvme-ssd-from-legacy-bios.html

Ka tono ahau ki te kaipanui ki te arotake mo ia ano mena ka hiahia ia ki te whakamahi pera i te NVME SSD, he pai ake ranei te hoko i tetahi papahoa papa hou (+ pūtukatuka + mahara) me tetahi hononga M.2 PCI-E me te tautoko mo te whakaoho mai. NVME SSD ki EFI.

Source: will.com

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