Kia ora, e Habr! Ko Artem Karamyshev ahau, te tumuaki o te tīma whakahaere pūnaha. He maha ngā hua hou kua whakarewahia e mātou i te tau kua hipa. I hiahia mātou kia ngāwari te whakawhanui i ā mātou ratonga API, kia manawanui ki ngā hapa, kia rite hoki mō te tere o te tipu o ngā kawenga kaiwhakamahi. Kua hangaia tō mātou tūāpapa ki runga i a OpenStack, ā, e hiahia ana ahau ki te whakapuaki i ētahi o ngā take manawanui-hapa o ngā wāhanga i tika kia whakatikahia e mātou kia tutuki ai he pūnaha manawanui-hapa. Ki taku whakaaro he mea nui tēnei ki te hunga e whakawhanake ana hoki i ngā hua i runga i a OpenStack.
Ko te pakari whānui o te tūāpapa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pakari o ōna wāhanga. Nō reira, ka āta tirotirohia e mātou ngā paparanga katoa kua tautuhia, kua arohia hoki ngā mōrearea.
He putanga ataata o tēnei kōrero, ko te pūtake taketake i puta mai i tētahi whakaaturanga i te hui Uptime day 4, i whakaritea e , ka taea e koe te tirotiro .
Te manawanui hapa o te hoahoanga ā-tinana
Ko te wāhanga tūmatanui o te kapua MCS kei roto i ngā pokapū raraunga Tier III e rua i tēnei wā, e honoa ana e tētahi whatunga muka pouri motuhake me ngā tauwehenga ā-tinana motuhake me te putanga raraunga o te 200 Gbps. Mā te Tier III ka whakaratohia te taumata e tika ana mō te manawanui hapa mō te hanganga ā-tinana.
He koretake te muka pouri i ngā taumata ā-tinana me ngā taumata arorau. He auau te tukanga whakahou hongere, ā, ahakoa i puta ake ngā raruraru, kei te whakapai tonu mātou i te hononga i waenga i ngā pokapū raraunga.
Hei tauira, kāore i roa kua pahure ake nei, i a mātou e mahi ana i roto i tētahi puna e tata ana ki tētahi o ā mātou pokapū raraunga, ka werohia e tētahi keri tētahi paipa, kei roto ngā taura muka whatu tuatahi me ngā taura tārua. I tētahi wā, i ngoikore te hongere whakawhitiwhiti kōrero haumaru ki te pokapū raraunga, arā, te puna. Nō reira, i ngaro tētahi wāhanga o ā mātou hanganga. I ako mātou i tēnei, ā, i mahi mātou i ētahi mahi, tae atu ki te tāuta i ētahi atu taura muka whatu ki tētahi puna tata.
Kei roto i ā mātou pokapū raraunga ngā wāhi e kitea ai ngā kaiwhakarato waea, ā, ka whakapāhotia e mātou ā mātou kupumatua mā te BGP. Ka tīpakohia te inenga pai rawa atu mō ia ahunga whatunga, kia taea ai e mātou te whakarato i te kounga hononga pai rawa atu ki ngā kiritaki rerekē. Mena ka pakaru te hononga mā te kaiwhakarato kotahi, ka whirihorahia anō e mātou tā mātou ara mā ngā kaiwhakarato e wātea ana.
Mēnā ka rahua tētahi kaiwhakarato, ka huri aunoa mātou ki tētahi atu kaiwhakarato. Mēnā ka rahua tētahi pokapū raraunga, kei a mātou tētahi tārua whakaata o ā mātou ratonga i roto i tētahi atu pokapū raraunga, ā, mā rātou e kawe te kawenga katoa.
Te pakari o ngā hanganga ā-tinana
Ngā mea e whakamahia ana e mātou mō te manawanui hapa taumata-tono
He maha ngā wāhanga pūtake tuwhera e hangaia ana tā mātou ratonga.
ExaBGP — he ratonga e whakatinana ana i ētahi mahi mā te whakamahi i te kawa arataki hihiri e hangai ana ki te BGP. E whakamahia ana e mātou hei whakatairanga i ā mātou wāhitau IP kua rārangihia kia mā, hei urunga atu a ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te API.
HAProxy — he taurite kawenga kawenga teitei e āhei ai koe ki te whirihora i ngā ture taurite waka tino ngāwari i ngā paparanga rerekē o te tauira OSI. Ka whakamahia e mātou mō te taurite kawenga puta noa i ngā ratonga katoa: ngā pātengi raraunga, ngā kaihokohoko karere, ngā ratonga API, ngā ratonga tukutuku, me ā mātou kaupapa ā-roto—e whakakahangia ana e HAProxy.
Taupānga API — he taupānga tukutuku kua tuhia ki te reo Python, e whakamahia ana e te kaiwhakamahi hei whakahaere i ō rātou hanganga, i ā rātou ratonga.
Tono kaimahi (e kiia nei i konei ko te kaimahi) he daemon hanganga i roto i ngā ratonga OpenStack e āhei ai te tuku i ngā whakahau API ki te hanganga. Hei tauira, ka puta te waihanga kōpae i roto i te kaimahi, ā, ka tukuna te tono waihanga ki te tono API.
Hanganga Paerewa Taupānga OpenStack
Ko te nuinga o ngā ratonga i whakawhanakehia mō OpenStack e ngana ana ki te whai i tētahi tauira kotahi. Ko te tikanga he rua ngā wāhanga o tētahi ratonga: he API me ngā kaimahi (ngā kaiwhakahaere o muri). Ko te tikanga, ko te API he tono WSGI kua tuhia ki Python, e rere ana hei tukanga takitahi (daemon) e whakamahi ana rānei i tētahi tūmau tukutuku pēnei i a Nginx, Apache rānei. Ka tukatukahia e te API te tono a te kaiwhakamahi, ā, ka tukuna atu ētahi atu tohutohu ki te tono kaimahi hei whakahaere. Ka puta tēnei tukunga mā tētahi kaihokohoko karere, ko RabbitMQ te tikanga; kāore i te tino tautokona ētahi atu momo. Ina tae atu ngā karere ki te kaihokohoko, ka tukatukahia e ngā kaimahi, ā, ki te tika, ka whakahokia he whakautu.
Ko te tikanga o tēnei tauira ko ngā wāhi motuhake o te rahunga: ko RabbitMQ me te pātengi raraunga. Heoi, ka wehea a RabbitMQ i roto i te ratonga kotahi, ā, i roto i te ariā, ka taea te whakarite motuhake ki ia ratonga. Nō reira, i MCS, ka wehea e mātou ēnei ratonga kia rite ki te taea, ka hangaia he pātengi raraunga motuhake me te RabbitMQ motuhake mō ia kaupapa takitahi. He pai tēnei huarahi nā te mea ki te puta he rahunga i tētahi wāhi ngoikore, ko tētahi wāhanga anake o te ratonga ka pāngia, ehara i te ratonga katoa.
Kāore he rohe ki te maha o ngā tono a ngā kaimahi, nō reira ka taea te whakawhāiti i te API ki muri i ngā taurite hei whakanui ake i te mahi me te manawanui ki ngā hapa.
Ko ētahi ratonga e hiahia ana ki te whakarite i roto i te ratonga—ina puta ngā mahi raupapa matatini i waenga i ngā API me ngā kaimahi. I tēnei wā, ka whakamahia he pokapū whakarite kotahi, he pūnaha rōpū pēnei i a Redis, Memcache, etcd, e āhei ai tētahi kaimahi ki te kī atu ki tētahi atu kua tohaina he mahi ki a rātou ("kaua e tangohia"). Ka whakamahia e mātou a etcd. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngā kaimahi ki te pātengi raraunga, ka tuhi me te pānui i ngā mōhiohio mai i reira. Ka whakamahia e mātou a mariadb hei pātengi raraunga mā mātou, kei roto i tā mātou rōpū maha-matua.
Kua whakaritea tēnei ratonga takitahi tawhito i runga i te tikanga e whakaaetia whānuitia ana mō OpenStack. Ka taea te tiro hei pūnaha kati, me ngā kōwhiringa tauine me te manawanui-hapa tino māmā. Hei tauira, hei whakarite i te manawanui-hapa o te API, me whakanoho noa he taurite kawenga ki mua i te API. Ka tutuki te tauine kaimahi mā te whakanui ake i te maha o rātou.
Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o te kaupapa katoa ko RabbitMQ me MariaDB. Me tuhi tētahi atu tuhinga mō tō rāua hoahoa. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka arotahi ahau ki te manawanui hapa API.
Te Hanganga Taupānga OpenStack: Te Taurite me te Manawanui Hapa mō te Pūhara Kapua
Te Hanga i te HAProxy Load Balancer kia Ātete ki ngā Hapa me te ExaBGP
Hei whakarite kia tere, kia taurite hoki ā mātou API, kia manawanui hoki ki ngā hapa, i tāutahia e mātou he taurite kawenga. I whiriwhiria e mātou a HAProxy. Ki taku whakaaro, kei a ia ngā āhuatanga katoa e tika ana mō ā mātou hiahia: te taurite kawenga i ngā paparanga OSI maha, he atanga whakahaere, he ngāwari me te taurite, he whānuitanga o ngā tikanga taurite kawenga, me te tautoko ripanga wātū.
Ko te raruraru tuatahi i tika kia whakatauhia ko te ātete hapa o te taurite kawenga tonu. Mā te tāuta noa i te taurite kawenga ka puta he pūwāhi kotahi o te rahunga: ki te rahunga te taurite kawenga, ka hinga te ratonga. Hei ārai i tēnei, i whakamahia e mātou a HAProxy me ExaBGP.
Mā te ExaBGP ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga tirotiro hauora ratonga. I whakamahia e mātou tēnei tikanga hei tirotiro i te hauora o HAProxy, ā, mēnā ka puta he raruraru, hei whakakore i te ratonga HAProxy mai i te BGP.
Kaupapa ExaBGP+HAProxy
- Ka tāutahia e mātou ngā pūmanawa e tika ana, arā, a ExaBGP me HAProxy, ki runga i ngā tūmau e toru.
- Ka waihangahia e mātou he atanga takahurihuri i runga i ia tūmau.
- I runga i ngā tūmau e toru, ka rēhitahia e mātou te wāhitau IP mā kotahi i runga i tēnei atanga.
- Ka pānuitia te wāhitau IP mā ki te Ipurangi mā ExaBGP.
Ka tutuki te manawanui hapa mā te pānuitanga i te wāhitau IP kotahi mai i ngā tūmau e toru. Mai i te tirohanga a te whatunga, ka taea te uru atu ki te wāhitau kotahi mai i ngā pekepeke e toru e whai ake nei. Ka kite te pouara i ngā ara ōrite e toru, ka tīpako i te ara matua rawa atu i runga i tana ake inenga (ko te ara kotahi tonu te tikanga), ā, ka tukuna te waka ki tētahi o ngā tūmau anake.
Mēnā ka puta he raruraru ki a HAProxy, ka rahua rānei te tūmau, ka mutu te pānuitanga a ExaBGP i te huarahi, ā, ka nekehia ngā waka ki tētahi atu tūmau mā te ngāwari.
Mā tēnei, i tutuki i a mātou te manawanui hapa o te taurite.
Ātete Hapa o te HAProxy Load Balancer
Kāore i tino tika te tatūnga: i ako mātou ki te tārua i a HAProxy, engari kāore mātou i ako ki te tohatoha i te kawenga puta noa i ngā ratonga. Nō reira i whakawhānui ake mātou i te tatūnga, me te huri ki te taurite kawenga puta noa i ngā wāhitau IP tūmatanui maha.
Te taurite kawenga e hangai ana ki te DNS me te BGP
Kāore anō kia whakatauhia te take o te taurite kawenga i mua i tā mātou HAProxy. Heoi, ka taea te whakatau ngāwari, pērā i tā mātou i mahi ai mō tā mātou ake.
Hei whakataurite i ngā tūmau e toru, me toru ngā wāhitau IP tūmatanui me te DNS tawhito. Ka tohaina ia o ēnei wāhitau ki te atanga whakahoki-muri o ia HAProxy, ā, ka pānuitia ki te ipurangi.
Ka whakamahia e OpenStack tētahi rārangi ratonga hei whakahaere rauemi, e tautuhi ana i te pūwāhi API mō ia ratonga. I roto i tēnei rārangi, ka tohua e mātou he ingoa rohe—public.infra.mail.ru—e whakatau ana mā te DNS ki ngā wāhitau IP rerekē e toru. Ko te hua o tēnei he taurite kawenga puta noa i ngā wāhitau e toru mā te whakamahi i te DNS.
Heoi, nā te mea kāore mātou e whakahaere i ngā kaupapa matua o te kōwhiringa tūmau ina panuitia ngā wāhitau IP kua rārangi mā, kāore anō tēnei kia taurite. I te nuinga o te wā, kotahi anake te tūmau ka tīpakohia i runga i te wāhitau IP teitei rawa, ko ētahi atu e rua ka noho mangere nā te mea kāore he inenga kua tohua i roto i te BGP.
Kua tīmata mātou ki te tohatoha i ngā ara mā ExaBGP me ngā inenga rerekē. Ka pānuitia e ia taurite kawenga ngā wāhitau IP e toru kua rārangi mā, engari ko tētahi o aua wāhitau, ko te wāhitau IP matua mō taua taurite kawenga, ka pānuitia me te inenga iti rawa. Nō reira, i te wā e mahi ana ngā taurite kawenga e toru, ka haere ngā tono ki te wāhitau IP tuatahi ki te taurite kawenga tuatahi, ngā tono ki te tuarua ki te tuarua, ā, ko ngā tono ki te tuatoru ki te tuatoru.
Ka aha mēnā ka rahua tētahi o ngā taurite kawenga? Mēnā ka rahua tētahi taurite kawenga, ka pānuitia tonutia tōna wāhitau matua e ngā mea e rua, ā, ka tohatohahia anō te rere o ngā raraunga ki waenganui i a rātou. Mā tēnei, ka whakaratohia e mātou ki te kaiwhakamahi he maha ngā wāhitau IP mā te DNS. Mā te taurite mā te DNS me ngā inenga rerekē, ka tutuki i a mātou te tohatoha kawenga ōrite puta noa i ngā taurite kawenga e toru, me te pupuri tonu i te manawanui hapa.
Te Whakataurite Utaina HAProxy me te DNS me te BGP
Te taunekeneke i waenga i te ExaBGP me te HAProxy
Nō reira, kua whakatinanahia e mātou te parenga rahua mō te wā kore mahi o te tūmau mā te whakamutu i ngā pānuitanga ara. Engari ka taea e HAProxy te hinga mō ētahi atu take ehara i te rahunga o te tūmau: ngā hapa whakahaere, ngā rahunga ratonga ā-roto. E hiahia ana mātou ki te tango i te taurite kawenga kua hinga mai i te taurite kawenga i ēnei wā, nō reira me whai tikanga rerekē mātou.
Nō reira, i te whakawhānui ake i te kaupapa o mua, i whakatinanahia e mātou he hononga manawa i waenga i a ExaBGP me HAProxy. He whakatinanatanga pūmanawa tēnei o te taunekeneke i waenga i a ExaBGP me HAProxy, e whakamahi ana a ExaBGP i ngā tuhinga ritenga hei tirotiro i te tūnga o ngā tono.
Hei mahi i tēnei, me whirihora e koe tētahi tirotiro hauora i roto i te whirihoranga ExaBGP ka taea te tirotiro i te tūnga o HAProxy. I roto i tā mātou take, i whirihorahia e mātou tētahi papamuri hauora i roto i te HAProxy, ā, i te taha ExaBGP, ka tirohia e mātou mā te tono GET māmā noa iho. Mena ka mutu te pānuitanga, tera pea kua hinga a HAProxy, ā, kāore e hiahiatia kia pānuitia.
Tirotiro Hauora HAProxy
Ngā Hoa HAProxy: Te Tukutahitanga o te Wātū
Ko te mahi whai muri ko te tukutahi i ngā wātū. Ina mahi ana me ngā taurite kawenga tohatoha, he uaua te penapena i ngā mōhiohio wātū kiritaki. Engari ko HAProxy tētahi o ngā taurite kawenga torutoru ka taea te mahi i tēnei nā te āhuatanga o ngā Hoa, e āhei ai te tiritiri i te ripanga wātū i waenga i ngā tukanga HAProxy rerekē.
He rerekē ngā tikanga taurite: ngā mea māmā, pērā i te , me ngā mea kua roa ake, e maumaharatia ai te wātū o te kiritaki, ā, ka tukuna atu rātou ki te tūmau kotahi i ia wā. I hiahia mātou ki te whakatinana i te kōwhiringa tuarua.
Ka whakamahia e HAProxy ngā ripanga rākau hei penapena i ngā wātū kiritaki. Ka penapenahia e rātou te wāhitau IP pūtake o te kiritaki, te wāhitau ūnga kua tīpakohia (te pito o muri), me ētahi mōhiohio ratonga. Ko ngā ripanga rākau te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei penapena i ngā takirua pūtake-IP me ngā takirua ūnga-IP, he mea tino whai hua mō ngā tono kāore e taea te whakawhiti i te horopaki wātū kaiwhakamahi ina huri ki tētahi atu taurite kawenga, pērā i te aratau taurite kawenga RoundRobin.
Mā te whakaako i te ripanga rakau ki te neke i waenga i ngā tukanga HAProxy rerekē (i waenganui i ēnei ka puta te taurite kawenga), ka taea e ā mātou taurite kawenga te mahi me te puna kotahi o ngā ripanga rakau. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakakore i te whatunga kiritaki mena ka rahua tetahi taurite kawenga, ā, ka haere tonu te mahi a ngā wātū kiritaki i runga i ngā pito o muri i tīpakohia i mua.
Kia tika ai te mahi, me whakatau te raruraru ki te wāhitau IP pūtake o te taurite kawenga i whakatūria ai te wātū. I roto i tā mātou take, he wāhitau hihiri tēnei i runga i te atanga whakahoki-muri.
Ka mahi tika noa ngā hoa i raro i ētahi tikanga. Ina koa, me roa te wā whakamutu o te TCP, me tere rānei te whakawhiti kia kore ai e mutu te wātū TCP. Heoi anō, ka taea te whakawhiti maeneene.
He ratonga IaaS tā mātou i hangaia mā te whakamahi i taua hangarau anō. , e kiia nei ko Octavia. E rua ngā tukanga HAProxy e hangai ana ki tēnei, ā, he tautoko taketake anō hoki mō ngā hoa mahi. Kua whakamātauhia e rātou tō rātou hiranga mō tēnei ratonga.
E whakaatu ana te ahua i te nekehanga o ngā ripanga hoa i waenga i ngā tauira HAProxy e toru, ā, kua whakaratohia he whirihoranga hei whakaatu me pēhea te whakarite i tēnei:
Ngā Hoa HAProxy (tukutahitanga wātū)
Ki te whakatinanahia e koe tētahi kaupapa ōrite, me whakamātau mārire koe. Kāore e taea te kī ka mahi 100% o te wā. Engari, i te iti rawa, kāore e ngaro ō ripanga piri ina hiahia koe ki te maumahara ki te IP pūtake o te kiritaki.
Te whakawhāiti i te maha o ngā tono tukutahi mai i te kiritaki kotahi
Ka taea e ngā ratonga katoa e wātea ana ki te marea, tae atu ki ā mātou API, te pāngia e te maha o ngā tono. Ka rerekē ngā take, mai i ngā hapa a te kaiwhakamahi ki ngā whakaekenga kua tohua. I ētahi wā ka pāngia mātou e ngā whakaekenga IP DDoS. He maha ngā wā ka hē ngā kiritaki i roto i ā rātou tuhinga, ka puta ai ngā whakaekenga mini-DDoS.
Ahakoa pēhea, me whai tikanga haumarutanga anō. Ko tētahi otinga mārama ko te whakawhāiti i te maha o ngā tono API me te karo i te moumou taima o te CPU ki te tukatuka i ngā tono kino.
Hei whakatinana i ēnei here, ka whakamahia e mātou ngā herenga tere i hangaia i runga i te HAProxy mā te whakamahi i ngā ripanga rakau kotahi. He tino ngāwari te whirihora i ngā herenga, ā, ka taea e koe te whakawhāiti i te maha o ngā tono API ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te tuku. Ka maumahara te pūnaha ki te IP pūtake e tukuna mai ana ngā tono, ā, ka whakawhāiti i te maha o ngā tono tukutahi mō ia kaiwhakamahi. I tatauhia e mātou te kōtaha kawenga API toharite mō ia ratonga, ā, ka whakatakotoria he herenga tata ki te 10 ngā wā teitei ake i tēnei uara. Kei te aro turuki tonu mātou i te āhuatanga, me te mataara tonu.
Me pēhea te mahi a tēnei i roto i te mahi? He kiritaki ā mātou e whakamahi tonu ana i ā mātou API mō te tauine aunoa. E rua ki te toru rau ngā mīhini mariko e hangaia ana e rātou i te ata, ā, e mukua ana i te ahiahi. Mō OpenStack, me hanga he mīhini mariko, inā koa me ngā ratonga PaaS, neke atu i te 1000 ngā tono API, nā te mea ka puta hoki ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā ratonga mā roto i ngā API.
He nui rawa te kawenga ka puta mai i ēnei whakawhiti mahi. I arotakehia e mātou tēnei kawenga, i kohia ngā tihi o ia rā, i whakanuia kia tekau ngā whakarea, ā, koinei te rohenga tere mō mātou. Kei te aro turuki tonu mātou. He maha ngā wā ka kite mātou i ngā karetao me ngā matawai e ngana ana ki te tirotiro mēnā kei a mātou ētahi tuhinga CGA ka taea te whakahaere, ā, ka tapahia e mātou.
Me pēhea te whakahou i tō turanga waehere kia pai ai te whakamahi mā ngā kaiwhakamahi
Ka whakatinanahia hoki e mātou te manawanui hapa i te taumata tukanga whakatinanatanga waehere. Ka puta ngā rahunga i te wā whakatinanatanga, engari ka taea te whakaiti i tōna pānga ki te wātea o te ratonga.
Ka whakahoutia tonutia e mātou ā mātou ratonga, ā, me whakarite kia whakahaerehia ngā whakahoutanga waehere me te kore e pā ki ngā kaiwhakamahi. I tutuki tēnei mā te whakamahi i ngā āheinga whakahaere a HAProxy me te whakatinana i te Graceful Shutdown i roto i ā mātou ratonga.
Hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, he mea tika kia whakarite i te whakahaere taurite me te "tika" o te kati ratonga:
- Ki te HAProxy, ka whakahaerehia te whakahaere mā te kōnae tatauranga, he pūrua kua tautuhia i roto i te kōnae whirihoranga HAProxy. Ka taea te tuku whakahau ki a ia mā te stdio. Heoi, ko tā mātou taputapu whakahaere whirihoranga matua ko Ansible, nō reira he kōwae kua hangaia mō te whakahaere i te HAProxy, e whakamahia ana e mātou.
- Ko te nuinga o ā mātou ratonga API me te Mīhini e tautoko ana i te whakaweto ngāwari: ina whakawetohia, ka tatari rātou kia oti te mahi o nāianei, ahakoa he tono HTTP, he mahi ratonga rānei. Pērā anō te mea ka tupu ki te kaimahi. E mōhio ana ia ki ngā mahi katoa e mahia ana e ia, ā, ka mutu ina oti pai katoa.
Nā ēnei āhuatanga e rua, ka pēnei te āhua o tā mātou raupapatanga whakatinanatanga haumaru.
- Ka hangaia e te kaiwhakawhanake tētahi mōkihi waehere hou (i tō mātou take, ko te RPM), ka whakamatautauria i roto i te taiao whakawhanake, ka whakamatautauria i roto i te taiao atamira, ā, ka waihotia ki te putunga atamira.
- Ka whakatakoto te kaiwhakawhanake i tētahi mahi whakatinanatanga me tētahi whakaahuatanga tino taipitopito o ngā "taonga": te putanga o te mōkihi hou, he whakaahuatanga o te mahi hou, me ētahi atu taipitopito whakatinanatanga, mēnā e tika ana.
- Ka tīmata te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha i te whakahōu. Ka whakahaerehia e rātou te pukapuka tākaro Ansible, ā, ko tā rātou mahi ko ēnei e whai ake nei:
- Ka tango i tētahi mōkihi mai i te putunga atamira, ka whakahōu i te putanga mōkihi i roto i te putunga whakaputa i runga i taua putanga.
- Ka whakaputa i tētahi rārangi o ngā papamuri mō te ratonga e whakahōuhia ana.
- Ka kati i te ratonga tuatahi e whakahoutia ana i roto i te HAProxy, ka tatari kia mutu ana tukanga. Nā te kati ngāwari, ka whakarite mātou kia oti pai ngā tono a ngā kiritaki katoa.
- Kia mutu katoa te API me ngā kaimahi, kia whakawetohia hoki te HAProxy, ka whakahoutia te waehere.
- Ka tīmata ngā ratonga a Ansible.
- Mō ia ratonga, ka toia ngā "kakau" motuhake hei whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau waeine ki tētahi raupapa o ngā whakamātautau kī kua tautuhia i mua. Ka puta te manatoko taketake o te waehere hou.
- Mena kāore i kitea he hapa i te taahiraa o mua, ka whakahohehia te papamuri.
- Me neke atu tātou ki te papamuri e whai ake nei.
- Kia oti ngā mahi whakamuri katoa te whakahōu, ka whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau mahi. Mēnā kei te ngaro, ka arotakehia e te kaiwhakawhanake ngā mahi hou kua whakatinanahia e rātou.
Ka oti i tēnei te whakatinanatanga.
Te huringa whakahōu ratonga
E kore tēnei pūnaha e mahi mēnā kāore he ture kotahi. Ka puritia e mātou ngā putanga tawhito me ngā putanga hou i te wā kotahi. Mai i te tīmatanga, i te wā e whakawhanake ana i ngā pūmanawa, ka whakarite mātou mai i te tīmatanga, ahakoa ka hurihia te pātengi raraunga o te ratonga, kāore e takahi i te waehere o mua. Nō reira, ka whakahoutia haeretia te pūtake waehere.
mutunga
Hei whakapuaki i ōku whakaaro mō te hoahoanga tukutuku e manawanui ana ki ngā hapa, e hiahia ana ahau ki te whakahua anō i ngā kōrero matua:
- te manawanui ki ngā hapa ā-tinana;
- te manawanui hapa whatunga (ngā kaitaurite, BGP);
- te manawanui ki ngā hapa o te pūmanawa i whakamahia me te whakawhanake.
Kia pumau te wā mahi a te katoa!
Source: will.com
