Ko Tā Tim Berners-Lee te kaituhi, te kaihanga o ngā URI, ngā URL, te HTTP, te HTML, me te Tukutuku Ao Whānui, ā, ko ia te tumuaki o te W3C i tēnei wā. I tuhia tēnei tuhinga i te tau 1998.

Ko tēhea URI e kiia ana he "tino pai"?
Kotahi e kore e rerekē.
Me pēhea te hurihanga o ngā URI?
Kāore ngā URI e rerekē: ka whakarerekētia e te tangata.

I roto i te ariā, kāore he take e taea ai e te tangata te whakarerekē i ngā URI (me te whakamutu rānei i ngā tuhinga tautoko), engari i roto i te mahi he miriona o aua URI.

I roto i te ariā, ko te rangatira ingoa o tētahi wāhi ingoa rohe te rangatira o te wāhi ingoa rohe, nō reira, ko ngā URI katoa kei roto. Haunga te korenga o te pūtea, kāore he mea e aukati ana i te rangatira ingoa rohe ki te pupuri i taua ingoa. Ā, i roto i te ariā, ko te wāhi URI i raro i tō ingoa rohe kei raro katoa i tō mana whakahaere, nō reira ka taea e koe te hanga kia pumau tonu. Ko te take tika anake mō te ngaro o tētahi tuhinga i te ipurangi ko te korenga o te pakihi a te kamupene nāna te ingoa rohe, kāore rānei e taea e ia te pupuri i tana tūmau. Nō reira, he aha i maha ai ngā hononga ngaro? I tētahi wāhanga, he kore noa iho o te tirohanga whakamua. Anei ētahi take ka rongo pea koe:

I whakarite anō mātou i te pae tukutuku kia pai ake ai.

Ki tō whakaaro, kāore e mahi ngā URI tawhito? Ki te pērā, he kōwhiringa tino hē tāu. Whakaarohia te pupuri i ngā mea hou i muri i te hoahoa hou e whai ake nei.

He nui rawa ā mātou rauemi, kāore e taea te aroturuki i ngā mea kua tawhito, ngā mea tairongo, me ngā mea kei te whai tikanga tonu, nō reira i whakaaro ai mātou he pai ake kia whakawetohia katoatia.

Aroha noa iho ahau. I pāngia te W3C e tētahi wā i tika ai kia ata tirotirohia ngā rauemi kua purangatia kia noho muna i mua i te whakapuakitanga ki te marea. Me whakaaroaro wawe te whakatau – kia tuhia te hunga whakarongo e whakaaetia ana, te rā i hangaia ai, me te rā paunga hoki mō ia tuhinga. Puritia ēnei raraunga.

Āe, i kitea e mātou me nuku ngā kōnae…

Koinei tētahi o ngā whakahē tino whakarihariha. He tokomaha te hunga kāore e mōhio ana ka taea e koe te whakahaere i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te URI o tētahi mea me tōna wāhi tūturu i roto i te pūnaha kōnae mā te whakamahi i ngā tūmau tukutuku. Whakaarohia te wāhi URI hei wāhi whakarāpopoto, he wāhi tino pai te whakaritenga. Kātahi ka maherehia ki tētahi mea tūturu e whakamahia ana e koe hei whakatinana. Kātahi ka kōrero ki te tūmau tukutuku mōna. Ka taea e koe te tuhi i tētahi wāhanga o tō ake tūmau hei mahi tika.

Kāore a Hoani e tiaki ana i tēnei kōnae, engari ko Hēni kei te tiaki i nāianei.

I roto i te URI te ingoa o Hōne? Kāo, i roto noa i tana kōpaki te kōnae? Āe, kua mārama ahau.

I mua i whakamahia e mātou he tuhinga CGI mō tēnei, engari i nāianei kua whakamahia e mātou he papatono rua.

He whakaaro porangi tēnei, me noho ngā whārangi i hangaia e ngā tuhinga ki te rohe "cgibin" me "cgi" rānei. Mā tēnei ka kitea te tikanga whakahaere o tō tūmau tukutuku. Hurihia te tikanga (ahakoa kei te tiaki tonu i ngā ihirangi), āe—ka huri katoa ō URI.

Hei tauira, tirohia te National Science Foundation (NSF):

Ngā Tuhinga Ipurangi a te NSF

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/pubsys/browser/odbrowse.pl

E mārama ana kāore te whārangi tuatahi hei tīmata tirotiro i ngā tuhinga e noho rite tonu i roto i ētahi tau. cgi-bin, oldbrowse и pl — kei roto i ēnei katoa ētahi kōrero mō te āhua o tā tātou mahi i nāianei. Ki te whakamahi koe i te whārangi hei rapu i tētahi tuhinga, ka puta he hua kino anō i te tuatahi:

Pūrongo a te Rōpū Mahi mō te Cryptology me te Coding Theory

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/getpub?nsf9814

mō te whārangi taupū o te tuhinga, ahakoa he pai ake te āhua o te tuhinga HTML:

http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1998/nsf9814/nsf9814.htm

I konei, ka hoatu e te pane o te pubs/1998 he tohu pai ki tētahi ratonga pūranga ā muri ake nei kei te whai mana te kaupapa whakarōpūtanga tuhinga tawhito o te tau 1998. Ahakoa he rerekē te āhua o ngā tau tuhinga i te tau 2098, ka taea e au te whakaaro ka mau tonu tēnei URI, ā, e kore e arai i te NSF, i tētahi atu whakahaere rānei e pupuri ana i te pūranga.

Ki taku whakaaro kāore e tika kia tūturu ngā URL - i reira ngā URN.

Koinei pea tētahi o ngā pānga kino rawa atu o te tautohetohe mō te URN. E whakaaro ana ētahi tāngata mā te rangahau i ngā mokowā ingoa pumau ake ka taea e rātou te noho mangere ki te pupuri i ngā tohutoro, nā te mea "mā ngā URN e whakatika ngā mea katoa." Mēnā ko koe tētahi o aua tāngata, me pouri koe.

Ko te nuinga o ngā kaupapa URN kua kitea e au he rite ki tētahi tohu mana, ā, whai muri ko tētahi rā me tētahi aho o tāu e pai ai, he aho rānei o tāu e pai ai. He tino rite tēnei ki ngā URI HTTP. Arā, ki te whakaaro koe ka taea e tō whakahaere te hanga i ngā URN roa, whakamātauria inaianei mā te whakamahi i aua mea mō ō URI HTTP. Kāore he mea i roto i te HTTP tonu e kore ai e pumau tō URI. Ko tō whakahaere anake. Waihangahia he pātengi raraunga e hono ana i te URN o tētahi tuhinga ki te ingoa kōnae o nāianei, ā, tukua te tūmau tukutuku kia whakamahi hei tiki i ngā kōnae.

Mena kua tae koe ki tēnei wāhi, ā, ki te kore he wā, he moni, he hononga rānei āu hei whakawhanake i ētahi pūmanawa, ka taea e koe te kī i te whakamārama e whai ake nei:

I hiahia mātou, engari kāore i a mātou ngā taputapu tika.

Ināianei, ka taea e au te aroha ki tēnei. E tino whakaae ana ahau. Ko tāu e hiahia ana ko te akiaki i te tūmau tukutuku ki te tukatuka tonu i tētahi URI pumau me te whakahoki i te kōnae, ahakoa kei hea e rongoatia ana i roto i tō pūnaha kōnae porangi o nāianei. Me rongoa e koe ngā URI katoa ki roto i te kōnae hei tirotiro, me te pupuri tonu i te pātengi raraunga kia hou tonu. Me tiaki ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā putanga rerekē me ngā whakamāoritanga o te tuhinga kotahi, me te pupuri hoki i tētahi rekoata tirotiro motuhake hei tiaki i te pirau o ngā kōnae nā te hapa matapōkere. Ā, kāore ngā tūmau tukutuku e haere mai me ēnei āhuatanga. Ina hiahia koe ki te waihanga i tētahi tuhinga hou, ka tono tō ētita kia tohua e koe he URI.

Me āhei koe ki te whakarerekē i te mana pupuri, te urunga tuhinga, te taumata haumarutanga o te pūranga, me ētahi atu mea i roto i te wāhi URI me te kore e whakarerekē i te URI.

He mea pōuri. Engari mā mātou e whakatika. I te W3C, ka whakamahia e mātou a Jigedit (he tūmau Jigsaw mō te whakatika) hei aroturuki i ngā putanga, ā, kei te whakamātautau mātou i ngā tuhinga whakaputa tuhinga. Mena kei te whakawhanake koe i ngā taputapu, i ngā tūmau, me ngā kiritaki, tēnā aro mai ki tēnei take!

E pā ana hoki tēnei whakamārama ki ngā whārangi W3C maha, tae atu ki tēnei: nō reira, me mahi i taku e kī nei, kaua i taku e mahi nei.

He aha tēnei me whakararuraru i ahau?

Ina hurihia e koe te URI i runga i tō tūmau, kāore rawa koe e tino mōhio ko wai ka hono atu ki te URI tawhito. Tērā pea he hononga mai i ngā whārangi tukutuku noa, he tohuwāhi ki tō whārangi, he mea tuhituhi rānei te URI ki ngā taha o tētahi reta ki tētahi hoa.

Ina pāwhiritia e te tangata tētahi hononga, ā, kua pakaru, ka ngaro te whakawhirinaki ki te rangatira o te tūmau. Ka pouri hoki rātou—i te taha hinengaro, i te taha tinana hoki—nā te korenga e taea te whakatutuki i tā rātou whāinga.

He tokomaha te hunga e amuamu tonu ana mō ngā hononga pakaru, ā, ko tāku tumanako kia kitea te kino. Ko tāku tumanako kia kitea anō hoki te kino o te ingoa o te kaiwhakahaere o te tūmau i ngaro ai te tuhinga.

Nā, me aha ahau? Hoahoa URI

Ko te kawenga a te kaiwhakahaere tukutuku te tohatoha i ngā URI ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā tau e rua, i roto i ngā tau 20, i roto i ngā tau 200. Me whai whakaaro, me whakarite, me whai ngākau nui hoki tēnei.

Ka huri ngā URI ina huri tetahi mōhiohio kei roto. He mea nui te āhua o tō hoahoa i a rātou. (He aha, te hoahoa URI? Me hoahoa e au ngā URI? Āe, me whakaaro koe ki tēnā.) Ko te tikanga o te hoahoa ko te waiho i tetahi mōhiohio ki waho o te URI.

Ko te rā waihanga tuhinga—te rā tuku URI—he mea e kore e rerekē. He tino whai hua mō te wehewehe i ngā tono e whakamahi ana i te pūnaha hou mai i ērā e whakamahi ana i te pūnaha tawhito. He tīmatanga pai tēnei mō te URI. Mena he rā kua tāia ki runga i te tuhinga, ahakoa he mea nui te tuhinga ā muri ake nei, he tīmatanga pai tēnā.

Ko te mea anake e rerekē ana ko tētahi whārangi e āta whakaarohia ana ko te putanga "hou", pērā i te whakahaere katoa, i tētahi wāhanga nui rānei o taua whakahaere.

http://www.pathfinder.com/money/moneydaily/latest/

Koinei te pou whakamutunga o Money Daily i roto i te maheni Money. Ko te take matua kāore e hiahiatia he rā mō tēnei URI, he kore take hei pupuri i tētahi URI ka roa ake te ora o te maheni. Ka ngaro te ariā o Money Daily ina ngaro te Money. Ki te hiahia koe ki te hono atu ki ngā ihirangi, me hono motuhake koe ki roto i ngā pūranga:

http://www.pathfinder.com/money/moneydaily/1998/981212.moneyonline.html

(He pai te āhua. E whakaaro ana ko te tikanga o te kupu "moni" he rite tonu i te roanga o te noho o pathfinder.com. He "98" tāruarua me te ".html" kāore e hiahiatia, engari he rite ki te URI kaha.

He aha hei waiho ki tahaki

Koia kē! Haunga te rā i hangaia ai, he raru anō hoki te whakauru i tētahi mōhiohio ki roto i tētahi URI.

Ingoa o te kaituhiKa rerekē pea te mana kaituhi i te putanga mai o ngā putanga hou. Ka wehe atu te tangata i ngā whakahaere ka tuku atu i ngā mea ki ētahi atu.
KaupapaHe tino uaua. He ātaahua tonu te āhua i te tīmatanga, engari ka tere te huri. Ka kōrerohia tēnei e au i raro nei.
TūngaKo ngā whaiaronga pēnei i te "tawhito," te "tauira," me ērā atu mea, me te kore e whakahua i te "hou" me te "nui," ka puta i roto i ngā pūnaha kōnae katoa. Ka rerekē te tūnga o ngā tuhinga—ki te kore, kāore he take ki te waihanga tauira. Ko te putanga hou o tētahi tuhinga me whai tohu pumau, ahakoa tōna tūnga. Kia wehea te tūnga mai i te ingoa.
WhakauruI te W3C, kua wehea e mātou te pae tukutuku kia maha ngā wāhanga mā ngā kaimahi, ngā mema, me te marea. He pai te tangi o tēnei, engari ko te tikanga, ka tīmata ngā tuhinga hei whakaaro tīma mai i ngā kaimahi, ka kōrerohia ki ngā mema, kātahi ka wātea ki te marea. He mea whakamā rawa mēnā i ia wā ka whakatuwheratia he tuhinga hei kōrero whānui, ka pakaru katoa ngā hononga tawhito ki reira! Kei te neke mātou inaianei ki tētahi waehere rā māmā.
Toronga kōnaeHe mea tino noa tēnei. Ka rerekē te "cgi," tae atu ki te ".html," ā muri ake nei. Tērā pea kāore koe e whakamahi i te HTML mō tēnei whārangi i roto i ngā tau 20, engari me mahi tonu ngā hononga ki reira i ēnei rā. Kāore ngā hononga ā-ture i runga i te pae W3C e whakamahi i te toronga ().te āhua o te mahi).
Ngā tikanga pūmanawaRapua te "cgi," "exec," me ētahi atu kupu i roto i te URI e karanga ana "tirohia te pūmanawa e whakamahia ana e mātou." Kei te hiahia tetahi ki te whakatapua i tōna oranga katoa ki ngā tuhinga Perl CGI? Kāore? Tangohia te toronga .pl. Pānuihia te pukapuka ā-ringa a te tūmau mō ngā tohutohu.
Ko te ingoa o te kōpae. Haere mai! Engari kua kite ahau i ngā mea pēnei.

Nō reira, ko te tauira pai rawa atu i tā mātou pae tukutuku ko

http://www.w3.org/1998/12/01/chairs

…pūrongo mō ngā meneti o te hui a ngā Heamana o te W3C.

Ngā kaupapa me te whakarōpūtanga mā ngā kaupapa

Ka whakamāramahia e au tēnei tūponotanga, nā te mea koinei tētahi o ngā mea tino uaua ki te karo. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakaurua ngā kaupapa ki roto i ngā URI ina whakarōpūtia ō tuhinga mā te mahi e mahia ana e rātou. Engari ka rerekē tēnei wehewehenga i roto i te wā. Ka rerekē ngā ingoa o ngā rohe. I te W3C, i hiahia mātou ki te huri i te MarkUP ki te Markup, kātahi ki te HTML, kia whakaata i te ihirangi tuturu o te wāhanga. Waihoki, he maha ngā wā he mokowā ingoa papatahi. I roto i te 100 tau, kei te tino mohio koe kāore koe e hiahia ki te whakamahi anō i tetahi mea? I roto i tō mātou oranga poto, kua hiahia kē mātou ki te whakamahi anō i te "Hītori" me te "Ngā Pepa Kāhua," hei tauira.

He huarahi whakamīharo tēnei ki te whakarite i tētahi paetukutuku—ā, he huarahi tino whakamīharo hoki ki te whakarite i ngā mea katoa, tae atu ki te tukutuku katoa. He otinga pai mō te wā waenga, engari he nui ngā ngoikoretanga i roto i te wā roa.

Ko tētahi wāhanga o te take kei roto i te rapunga whakaaro mō te tikanga. He mea pea te whakarōpū i ia kupu i roto i te reo, ā, he rerekē pea ngā whakaaro o ia tangata mō tōna tikanga. Nā te mea he rite ake ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā mea ki te tukutuku, kaua ki te rākau, ahakoa te hunga e whakaae ana ki te tukutuku, ka taea e rātou te whiriwhiri i tētahi whakaaturanga rerekē o te rākau. Koinei aku kitenga whānui (e whakahuatia ana) mō ngā tūponotanga o te whakarōpūtanga hierarki hei otinga whānui.

Ko te tikanga, ina whakamahia e koe tētahi ingoa kaupapa i roto i tētahi URI, kei te herea koe ki tētahi whakarōpūtanga. Tērā pea ka whiriwhiri koe i tētahi atu kōwhiringa ā muri ake nei, ā, ka noho ngoikore te URI ki te pirau.

Ko te take i whakamahia ai te kaupapa kaupapa hei wāhanga o te URI, he mea tuku noa te kawenga mō ngā wāhanga iti o te wāhi URI, kātahi ka hiahiatia te ingoa o te wāhanga whakahaere—te wehenga, te rōpū, te aha atu rānei—e kawenga ana mō taua wāhi iti. Mā tēnei ka herea te URI ki te hanganga whakahaere. He mea haumaru noa iho ina waihotia te URI ki tua atu, e tiakina ana e te rā: 1998/pics pea te tikanga ki tō tūmau "ko tā mātou i kī ai ko ngā pics i te tau 1998," ehara i te "ko tā mātou i mahi ai i te tau 1998 me tā mātou e kī nei ko ngā pics."

Kaua e wareware ki te ingoa rohe

Kia maumahara, ehara i te mea ko te ara anake i roto i te URI tēnei, engari ko te ingoa tūmau anō hoki. Mena he tūmau motuhake āu mō ngā mea rerekē, kia maumahara kāore e taea te whakarerekē i tēnei wehenga me te kore e pakaru ngā hononga maha. Ko ētahi o ngā hapa tawhito o te "tirohia te pūmanawa e whakamahia ana e tātou i ēnei rā" ko ngā ingoa rohe pēnei i te "cgi.pathfinder.com," "secure," me te "lists.w3.org." Kua hangaia ēnei hei whakahaere i te tūmau. Ahakoa he rohe e tohu ana i tētahi tari i roto i tō kamupene, he tūnga tuhinga, he taumata urunga, he taumata haumarutanga rānei, kia tino tupato i mua i te whakamahi i te neke atu i te kotahi ingoa rohe mō ngā momo tuhinga maha. Kia maumahara ka taea e koe te huna i ngā tūmau tukutuku maha i roto i tētahi tūmau tukutuku kotahi e kitea ana mā te whakamahi i te whakawhiti me te takawaenga.

Ā, whakaarohia hoki tō ingoa rohe. Kāore koe e hiahia kia honoa koe ki te soap.com i muri i tō whakarerekētanga i tō raina hua me te mutu o te hanga hopi (mihi atu ki te tangata nāna te soap.com i tēnei wā).

mutunga

Ehara i te mea ngāwari te pupuri i ngā URI mō ngā tau e 2, 20, 200, tae noa ki te 2000. Heoi, puta noa i te ipurangi, ka whakatau ngā kaiwhakahaere tukutuku ka tino uaua ai tēnei mahi mō rātou anō ā muri ake nei. He maha ngā wā, nā te mea ka whakamahia e rātou ngā taputapu kua hangaia hei whakaatu i te pae pai rawa atu i tēnei wā tonu - me te kore e whakaaro ki ngā mea ka pā ki ngā hononga ina huri ngā mea. Heoi, ko te whakaaro nui, he nui ngā mea ka taea te huri, ā, ka taea tonu ō URI te noho rite tonu, ā, me noho tonu. Ka taea anake tēnei mēnā ka ata whakaarohia e koe te āhua o te waihanga i a rātou.

Tirohia hoki:

Ko te whakahē a Jakob Nielsen mō taua kaupapa anō

Ngā whakawhitinga

Me pēhea te tango i ngā toronga kōnae…

…mai i tētahi URI i roto i te tūmau tukutuku e hangai ana ki te kōnae o nāianei?

Hei tauira, ki te mea kei te whakamahi koe i a Apache, ka taea e koe te whirihora kia whiriwhiria ngā ihirangi. Ka rongoa e koe te toronga kōnae (hei tauira, .png) ki roto i te kōnae (hei tauira, mydog.png), engari ka taea e koe te hono atu ki tētahi rauemi tukutuku me te kore. Kātahi ka tirohia e Apache te whaiaronga mō ngā kōnae katoa me taua ingoa me tētahi toronga, ā, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te mea pai rawa atu i roto i tētahi huinga (hei tauira, GIF me PNG). Ā, kāore he take ki te whakanoho i ngā momo kōnae rerekē ki ngā whaiaronga rerekē; inaa, kāore e mahi te whiriwhiringa ihirangi mēnā ka pērā koe.

Whirihorahia tō tūmau mō te whiriwhiringa ihirangi
Hono atu ki ngā URI me te kore he toronga.

Ka mahi tonu ngā hononga me ngā toronga, engari ka ārai i tō tūmau ki te whiriwhiri i te hōputu pai rawa atu mai i ngā hōputu e wātea ana i nāianei me ngā hōputu e wātea ana i te heke mai.

(Ina hoki, mydog, mydog.png и mydog.gif - ngā rauemi tukutuku whai mana, mydog — he rauemi o te momo ihirangi whānui, ā, mydog.png и mydog.gif — ngā rauemi o tētahi momo ihirangi motuhake).

Ae, ki te mea kei te tuhi koe i tāu ake tūmau tukutuku, he mea pai te whakamahi i tētahi pātengi raraunga hei mahere i ngā tohu tuakiri pumau ki tō rātou āhua o nāianei, engari kia tūpato ki te tipu mutunga kore o te pātengi raraunga.

Whare Whakamā - Kōrero 1: Hongere 7

I te tau 1999, i aroturukihia e au ngā katinga o ngā kura nā te hukarere i runga i te whārangi http://www.whdh.com/stormforce/closings.shtmlKāore i taea e au te tatari kia puta mai ngā kōrero ki raro i te mata o te pouaka whakaata! I hono atu ahau ki reira mai i taku whārangi kāinga. I pā mai te hukarere nui tuatahi o te tau 2000, ā, i tirohia e au te whārangi. I mea ia:

— Mai i te wā.
Kāore he kati i tēnei wā. Tena koa hoki mai mēnā ka puta he whakatūpato mō te huarere.

Kāore e taea, he tino kaha te awha. He mea whakakatakata te korenga o te rā. Engari ki te haere koe ki te whārangi matua o te pae, he pātene nui kei reira ko "Ngā Kura Kua Kati," e arahi ana ki tētahi whārangi. http://www.whdh.com/stormforce/ me te rārangi roa o ngā kura kua kati.

Tērā pea kua hurihia e rātou te pūnaha mō te tiki i te rārangi - engari kāore i hiahiatia kia hurihia te URI.

Whare Whakamā - Kōrero 2: Huihuinga Ipurangi a Microsoft

I te mea e piki haere ana te whakawhirinaki ki te ipurangi, kua puta ake tētahi whakaaro mohio: te whakauru i ngā hononga ki te paetukutuku a te kaihanga ki roto i ngā tono. He maha ngā whakamahinga o tēnei, ā, he nui te tukinotanga, engari kāore e taea te whakarerekē i te URL. I tētahi atu rā noa nei, i whakamātau ahau i tētahi hononga mai i te kiritaki Microsoft Netmeeting 2 i raro i te Āwhina/Microsoft i runga i te Tukutuku/Ngā mea Koreutu, ā, i puta mai he hapa 404—he urupare tūmau kāore i kitea. Kua whakatikahia pea e rātou i nāianei...

Tuhipoka hītori: I te mutunga o te rautau 20, i te wā i tuhia ai tēnei, ko te kupu "hauhautanga" he kupu whakaae, inā koa i waenga i te hunga rangatahi, e tohu ana i te āhua hou, te kounga, te hiranga rānei. I te rapu huarahi, i te nuinga o te wā i akiakihia te URI e te "hauhautanga" kaua ki te whai huatanga, te roa rānei o te ora. He ngana tēnei tuhipoka ki te huri i te kaha kei muri i te rapunga mō te hauhautanga.

Source: will.com