Ko te kaupapa WorldSkills e whai ana kia whiwhi nga kaiuru i nga pukenga mahi e hiahiatia ana i roto i te maakete mahi hou. E toru nga waahanga o te matataunga Whakahaere Whatunga me te Whakahaere: Whatunga, Matapihi, Linux. Ka huri nga mahi mai i te toa ki te whakataetae toa, ka huri nga tikanga o te whakataetae, engari ko te hanganga o nga mahi mo te nuinga ka mau tonu.
Ko te motu Whatunga te tuatahi na runga i tona ngawari ki nga moutere Linux me Windows.
Ko nga mahi e whai ake nei ka whakaarohia i roto i te tuhinga:
- Whakaingoatia nga taputapu KATOA kia rite ki te topology
- Whakaritea te ingoa rohe wsrvuz19.ru mo nga taputapu KATOA
- Waihangahia te kaiwhakamahi wsrvuz19 ki nga taputapu KATOA me te cisco kupuhipa
- Me penapena te kupuhipa kaiwhakamahi i roto i te whirihoranga hei hua o te mahi hash.
- Me whiwhi te kaiwhakamahi i te taumata mana nui rawa atu.
- Mo nga taputapu KATOA, whakatinanahia te tauira AAA.
- Me mahi motuhēhēnga i runga i te papatohu mamao mā te whakamahi i te pātengi raraunga ā-rohe (haunga ngā pūrere RTR1 me RTR2)
- Whai muri i te whakamotuhēhēnga angitu, ka takiuru mai i te papatohu mamao, me uru tonu te kaiwhakamahi ki te aratau me te taumata mana nui.
- Whakaritehia te hiahia mo te motuhēhēnga ki te papatohu paetata.
- Ki te motuhēhēnga angitu ki te papatohu paetata, me uru te kaiwhakamahi ki te aratau iti rawa.
- I runga i te BR1, i runga i te whakamotuhēhēnga angitu i runga i te papatohu paetata, me uru te kaiwhakamahi ki te aratau whai mana nui rawa atu.
- I runga i nga taputapu KATOA, tautuhia te kupuhipa wsr kia uru ki te aratau whaimana.
- Me penapena te kupuhipa i roto i te whirihoranga KORE na te hua o te mahi hash.
- Tautuhia te aratau e penapena ai nga kupuhipa katoa i roto i te whirihoranga ki te puka whakamunatia.
Ko te topology whatunga i te paparanga tinana e whakaatuhia ana i te hoahoa e whai ake nei:
1. Whakaingoatia nga taputapu KATOA kia rite ki te topology
Hei tautuhi i te ingoa taputapu (ingoa kaihautū) me whakauru koe i te whakahau mai i te aratau whirihoranga o te ao hostname SW1, kei hea hei utu mo SW1 me tuhi koe i te ingoa o nga taputapu kua hoatu ki roto i nga mahi.
Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i te tautuhinga - hei utu mo te tatūkē Whakawhiti kua riro SW1:
Switch(config)# hostname SW1
SW1(config)#
Ko te mahi matua i muri i te hanga i tetahi tautuhinga ko te tiaki i te whirihoranga.
Ka taea tenei mai i te aratau whirihoranga o te ao me te whakahau do write:
SW1(config)# do write
Building configuration...
Compressed configuration from 2142 bytes to 1161 bytes[OK]
Mai i te aratau whaimana me te whakahau write:
SW1# write
Building configuration...
Compressed configuration from 2142 bytes to 1161 bytes[OK]
2. Whakaritea te ingoa rohe wsrvuz19.ru mo nga taputapu KATOA
Ka taea e koe te tautuhi i te ingoa rohe wsrvuz19.ru ma te taunoa mai i te aratau whirihoranga o te ao me te whakahau ip domain-name wsrvuz19.ru.
Ka mahia te haki e te do show hosts summary command from the world configuration mode:
SW1(config)# ip domain-name wsrvuz19.ru
SW1(config)# do show hosts summary
Name lookup view: Global
Default domain is wsrvuz19.ru
...
3. Waihangahia te kaiwhakamahi wsrvuz19 i runga i nga taputapu KATOA me te cisco kupuhipa
He mea tika ki te hanga i tetahi kaiwhakamahi penei kia whiwhi ia i te taumata teitei o nga mana, ka penapenahia te kupuhipa i roto i te ahua o te mahi hash. Ko enei tikanga katoa ka whakaarohia e te kapa username wsrvuz19 privilege 15 secret cisco.
Here:
username wsrvuz19 - Ingoa Kaiwhakamahi;
privilege 15 - taumata mana (0 - taumata iti, 15 - taumata teitei);
secret cisco — te penapena i te kupuhipa hei mahi MD5 hash.
whakaatu whakahau running-config ka taea e koe te tirotiro i nga tautuhinga whirihoranga o naianei, ka kitea e koe te raina me te kaiwhakamahi taapiri me te mohio kei te rongoa te kupuhipa ki te puka whakamunatia:
SW1(config)# username wsrvuz19 privilege 15 secret cisco
SW1(config)# do show running-config
...
username wsrvuz19 privilege 15 secret 5 $1$EFRK$RNvRqTPt5wbB9sCjlBaf4.
...
4. Mo nga taputapu KATOA, whakatinanahia te tauira AAA
Ko te tauira AAA he punaha motuhēhēnga, whakamana me te kaute o ngā kaupapa. Hei whakaoti i tenei mahi, ko te mahi tuatahi ko te whakaahei i te tauira AAA me te whakarite ka mahia te motuhēhēnga mā te pātengi raraunga ā-rohe:
SW1(config)# aaa new-model
SW1(config)# aaa authentication login default local
a. Me mahi motuhēhēnga i runga i te papatohu mamao mā te whakamahi i te pātengi raraunga ā-rohe (haunga ngā pūrere RTR1 me RTR2)
Ka tautuhia e Jobs nga momo papatohu e rua: paetata me te mamao. Ko te papatohu mamao ka taea e koe te whakauru hononga mamao, hei tauira, ma nga tikanga SSH, Telnet ranei.
Hei whakaoti i tenei mahi, whakauruhia nga whakahau e whai ake nei:
SW1(config)# line vty 0 4
SW1(config-line)# login authentication default
SW1(config-line)# exit
SW1(config)#
kapa line vty 0 4 ka mahia te whakawhiti ki te whakatu i nga raina kapeka mariko mai i te 0 ki te 4.
rōpū login authentication default ka whakahurihia te aratau motuhēhēnga taunoa i runga i te papatohu mariko, a i whakaritea te aratau taunoa i te mahi whakamutunga me te whakahau aaa authentication login default local.
Ka puta atu i te aratau whirihoranga papatohu mamao ma te whakamahi i te whakahau exit.
Ko te haki pono he hononga whakamatautau ma te kawa Telnet mai i tetahi taputapu ki tetahi atu. Me mahara tonu me whirihora te whakawhiti taketake me te korero-ip i runga i nga taputapu kua tohua mo tenei.
SW3#telnet 2001:100::10
User Access Verification
Username: wsrvuz19
Password:
SW1>
b. Whai muri i te whakamotuhēhēnga angitu, ina takiuru mai i te papatohu mamao, me uru tonu te kaiwhakamahi ki te aratau me te taumata mana nui.
Hei whakaoti i tenei raruraru, me hoki koe ki te whakarite i nga raina kapeka mariko me te whakarite i te taumata mana ki te whakahau privilege level 15, i te mea ko te 15 te taumata mana nui rawa atu, ko te 0 te taumata mana iti rawa:
SW1(config)# line vty 0 4
SW1(config-line)# privilege level 15
SW1(config-line)# exit
SW1(config)#
Ko te whakamatautau te otinga mai i te waahanga-roto o mua - hononga mamao ma Telnet:
SW3#telnet 2001:100::10
User Access Verification
Username: wsrvuz19
Password:
SW1#
Whai muri i te whakamotuhēhēnga, ka uru tonu te kaiwhakamahi ki te aratau whaimana, ka takahi i te mea kore, ko te tikanga kua oti tika te mahi.
cd. Whakatakotoria te hiahia ki te papatohu o te rohe, me te motuhēhēnga angitu, me uru te kaiwhakamahi ki te aratau mana iti
Ko te hanganga whakahau i roto i enei mahi he rite ki nga mahi kua oti i mua 4.a me 4.b. Kapa line vty 0 4 kua whakakapihia e console 0:
SW1(config)# line console 0
SW1(config-line)# login authentication default
SW1(config-line)# privilege level 0
SW1(config-line)# exit
SW1(config)#
Ka rite ki te korero kua korerohia, ko te taumata painga iti ka whakatauhia e te nama 0. Ka taea te mahi i te haki e whai ake nei:
SW1# exit
User Access Verification
Username: wsrvuz19
Password:
SW1>
I muri i te whakamotuhēhēnga, ka uru te kaiwhakamahi ki te aratau kore-whaimana, pera i te korero i roto i nga mahi.
e. I runga i te BR1, i runga i te whakamotuhēhēnga angitu i runga i te papatohu paetata, me uru te kaiwhakamahi ki te aratau whai mana nui rawa atu.
Ko te whakarite i tetahi papatohu paetata ki BR1 ka penei te ahua:
BR1(config)# line console 0
BR1(config-line)# login authentication default
BR1(config-line)# privilege level 15
BR1(config-line)# exit
BR1(config)#
He rite tonu te whakahaere o te haki ki te waahanga o mua:
BR1# exit
User Access Verification
Username: wsrvuz19
Password:
BR1#
Whai muri i te motuhēhēnga, ka puta ngā whakawhitinga ki te aratau whaimana.
5. I runga i nga taputapu KATOA, tautuhia te kupuhipa wsr kia uru ki te aratau whaimana
Ko nga mahi e kii ana ko te kupuhipa mo te aratau whaimana me penapena hei paerewa i roto i nga tuhinga maamaa, engari ko te aratau whakamunatanga o nga kupuhipa katoa e kore e taea e koe te kite i te kupuhipa i roto i nga tuhinga maamaa. Hei tautuhi kupuhipa kia uru ki te aratau whaimana, whakamahia te whakahau enable password wsr. Te whakamahi kupu matua password, ka whakatau i te momo e penapena ai te kupuhipa. Mena me whakamunatia te kupuhipa i te wa e hanga ana he kaiwhakamahi, ko te kupu matua ko te kupu secret, a mo te rokiroki i roto i te ahua tuwhera ka whakamahia password.
Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i nga tautuhinga mai i te tirohanga whirihoranga o naianei:
SW1(config)# enable password wsr
SW1(config)# do show running-config
...
enable password wsr
!
username wsrvuz19 privilege 15 secret 5 $1$5I66$TB48YmLoCk9be4jSAH85O0
...
Ka kitea ko te kupuhipa a te kaiwhakamahi kei te rongoa i roto i te ahua whakamunatia, a ko te kupuhipa ki te whakauru ki te aratau whaimana kei te rongoa i roto i nga tuhinga maamaa, pera i te korero i roto i nga mahi.
Kia penapena nga kupuhipa katoa ki te puka whakamunatia, me whakamahi koe i te whakahau service password-encryption. Ma te tiro i te whirihoranga o naianei ka penei te ahua:
SW1(config)# do show running-config
...
enable password 7 03134819
!
username wsrvuz19 privilege 15 secret 5 $1$5I66$TB48YmLoCk9be4jSAH85O0
...
Kua kore e kitea te kupuhipa i roto i te marama.
Source: will.com