He ra pai ki te katoa! E hiahia ana ahau ki te whakatapu i taku tuhinga tuatahi mo te habr ki tetahi kaupapa tino pai - te punaha whakahaere kounga Ipurangi RIPE Atlas. Ko tetahi waahanga o taku kaupapa e aro atu ana ki te ako i te Ipurangi, i te mokowhiti ipurangi ranei (he kupu e tere haere ana te rongonui, ina koa i roto i nga porowhita pūtaiao). He maha nga rauemi kei runga i te RIPE Atlas i runga i te Ipurangi, tae atu ki runga i te habr, engari he ahua koretake ki ahau. Mo te nuinga, i whakamahia e te tuhinga nga korero mai i te paetukutuku mana me oku ake whakaaro.
Engari i te timatanga
Ko te kairēhita ipurangi ā-rohe (RIR), ko ana kawenga kei runga i a Europe, Central Asia me te Middle East, ko te RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Center). Ko te RIPE NCC he whakahaere kore-moni e noho ana i Netherlands. Ka tautoko i te Ipurangi. Ka whakarato i nga wahitau IP me nga nama punaha motuhake ki nga kaiwhakarato Ipurangi me nga whakahaere nui.
Ko tetahi o nga kaupapa matua a te RIPE NCC e whai ana ki te rangahau i te ahua o te Ipurangi ko RIPE Atlas (i timata i te mutunga o te tau 2010), he whanaketanga o te Ratonga Inenga Whakamaatau, i whakamutua te mahi i te tau 2014.
Ko te RIPE Atlas he kupenga o te ao o nga puoro e kaha ana te ine i te ahua o te Ipurangi. I tenei wa he mano nga pukoro i roto i te whatunga RIPE Atlas a kei te tipu haere tonu to raatau. Ka whakahiatohia e RIPE NCC nga raraunga kua kohia, ka waatea noa ki nga kaiwhakamahi i runga i te ahua ngawari.
Ko te whakawhanaketanga o te whatunga ka puta i runga i te kaupapa o te whakaurunga tuuao o nga kaitoro e nga kaiwhakamahi i roto i o raatau hanganga, e tukuna ana "nga nama", ka taea te whakapau ki te kawe i nga inenga o te paanga ma te whakamahi i etahi atu puoro.
Ko te tikanga ka whakamahia te RIPE Atlas:
- ki te aroturuki i te waatea o to whatunga mai i nga waahi rereke i runga i te Ipurangi;
- ki te tirotiro me te rapu raruraru i to whatunga me nga whakamatautau honohono tere, ngawari;
- i roto i te punaha aroturuki o to ake whatunga;
- ki te aroturuki i te wātea o te hanganga DNS;
- Taki hononga IPv6.
RIPE Atlas
Ka rite ki taku korero, ko te RIPE Atlas he punaha o nga pukoro kei runga i te Ipurangi kei raro i te mana whakahaere kotahi. I tua atu i nga pukoro tikanga (Probes), he mea matatau ake - he punga (Anchors).
I waenganui o 2020, ko te punaha RIPE Atlas he neke atu i te 11 mano nga pūoko hohe me te neke atu i te 650 nga punga kaha, ka nui ake i te 25 mano nga inenga me te whiwhi neke atu i te 10 mano nga hua mo ia hēkona.
Ko nga kauwhata i raro nei e whakaatu ana i te tipu o te maha o nga pukoro me nga punga.
A ko nga whika e whai ake nei e whakaatu ana i te mapi o te Ao e tohu ana i te waahi o nga pukoro me nga punga.
Ahakoa te mana o te rohe o te RIPE NCC, ko te whatunga RIPE Atlas e tata ana ki te ao katoa, ko Russia kei roto i te 5 o runga mo te maha o nga pukoro kua whakauruhia (568), me Tiamana (1562), USA (1440), France. (925) me te UK (610).
Mana whakahaere
I te wa e ako ana i te mahi o te pukoro, ka kitea he wa (ia 4 meneti) te tirotiro i te whakawhitiwhiti korero me etahi mea kei runga i te whatunga, kei roto ko nga kaiwhakarato DNS pakiaka me nga node me nga ingoa rohe penei i te "ctr-sin02.atlas.ripe.net" , E whakapono ana ahau, ko nga kaiwhakahaere mana o te whatunga RIPE Atlas.
Kaore i kitea e au nga korero mo nga kaitoro whakahaere i runga i te paetukutuku mana, engari ka taea te whakaaro ko o raatau mahi ko te whakahaere i nga puoro, me te whakahiato me te tukatuka raraunga. Mena kei te tika taku whakaaro, e 6 neke atu nga kaitoha whakahaere, e 2 kei Amerika, 2 i Netherlands, 1 i Tiamana, 1 i Singapore. Kei te tuwhera a Port 443 ki nga kaitoro katoa.
Mena kei a koe etahi atu korero mo nga kaiwhakarato whakahaere o te whatunga RIPE Atlas, tena koa whakamaramatia tenei take.
Pūpara
Ko te RIPE Atlas sensor he taputapu iti (TP-Link 3020) e whakakahangia ana e te USB me te hono atu ki te tauranga Ethernet o te pouara ma te whakamahi i te taura whatunga. I runga i te tauira, ka whai pea te pukoro he maramara Atheros AR9331, 400 MHz, 4 MB flash me te 32 MB RAM ranei he maramara MediaNek MT7628NN, 575 MHz, 8 MB flash me te 64 MB RAM.
Anga
Ko te armature he pukoro pai ake me te kaha ake o te mahi me te kaha ine. He taputapu kei roto i te putanga 19-inihi paerewa i runga i te papaaa taputapu APU2C2, APU2E2 ranei me te 4-matua 1 GHz tukatuka, 2 GB RAM, 3 Gigabit Ethernet tauranga me te puku SSD 250 GB. .
Te whakaurunga me te whakahaere o te pukoro
Ka rite ki taku korero, ka tohatohahia nga puoro mo te kore utu mo te whakauru ki roto i to hanganga. Ina tono he pukoro, tohuhia te whenua, te taone me te nama o te punaha mana motuhake ka tu ai. Hei whakautu i taku tono, ka tukuna e te RIPE NCC te karere e whai ake nei.
Kia aroha mai, kaore to tono e tutuki i o maatau paearu mo te whiwhi i te pukoro taputapu i tenei wa. Ahakoa ko ta matou whainga ko te tohatoha i nga pukoro RIPE Atlas i nga wa katoa ka taea, ko te ahua kua nui kee nga taputapu e hono ana i roto i te ASN i tohua e koe, i te whatunga i tono koe, i te whenua ranei i tono tono koe.
Kaore he raruraru. I tenei keehi, ka taea e koe te whakauru i tetahi puoro rorohiko, hei tauira, i runga i te miihini mariko, i te kaitoro kaainga, i te pouara ranei - kaore he here mo te waahi me te punaha motuhake. Kei te tautokohia a CentOS, Debian, Raspbian me Turris OS. Hei tohatoha, me tango me te whakauru i te rorohiko e tika ana, hei tauira mai i .
He tino ngawari te whakauru i tetahi puoko rorohiko. Hei tauira, ki te whakauru ki runga CentOS 8 me whakahaere e koe nga whakahau e whai ake nei:
curl -O 'https://ftp.ripe.net/ripe/atlas/software-probe/centos8/noarch/ripe-atlas-repo-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm'yum install ripe-atlas-repo-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm
ka rēhitatia te pūoko, i roto i tenei take me whakarato e koe te kī SSH, kei roto /var/atlas-probe/etc/probe_key.pub, me te tohu ano i te nama punaha motuhake me to taone. I whakamaumahara te reta ki a maatau me tohu tika te waahi o te puoro.
He iti te whakahaere o te sensor ki te kaha ki te tiri i te rauemi ine ki etahi atu kaiwhakamahi, te whirihora i nga whakamohiotanga mo te wa heke, me nga tautuhinga whatunga paerewa (te wahitau, te kuaha taunoa, me etahi atu).
Ngā ine
I te mutunga ka haere matou ki te inenga. Ko te whakarite i nga mahi ine ka mahia mai i to putea whaiaro. Ka taea hoki e koe te kite i nga hua i reira.
Ko te hanga i tetahi mahi ine e toru nga waahanga: te kowhiri i te momo ine, te kowhiri i te pukoro, te kowhiri i te waa ine.
Ko nga momo ine e whai ake nei: ping, traceroute, DNS, SSL, HTTP, NTP. Ko nga tautuhinga taipitopito mo te momo inenga motuhake, haunga nga mea motuhake ki tetahi kawa, whaipainga motuhake ranei, kei roto ko: te wahitau whainga, te kawa paparanga whatunga, te maha o nga paatete i roto i te ine me te wa i waenga i nga inenga, te rahi o te paatete me te wa i waenga i nga paatete, te tohu o te nekehanga matapōkere ki roto. te wa timata ki te tuku kete.
Ka taea te kowhiri i nga pukoro ma o raatau tohu, whenua ranei o te waahi, rohe, punaha motuhake, tohu, aha atu.
Ko te wa inenga ka whakaritea e te timatanga me te wa mutunga.
Kei te waatea nga hua ine i runga i te paetukutuku i roto i to putea whaiaro, ka taea hoki te tiki i te whakatakotoranga json. I te nuinga o te waa, ko nga hua ine he tohu ine e whakaatu ana i te waatea o tetahi node, ratonga ranei.
Mo te kaiwhakamahi, ka whakaatuhia nga waahanga inenga i roto i te whanui whanui engari he iti rawa te awhe. Heoi, e kitea ana ko nga kaha o te punaha ka uru ki te whakaputa i nga paatete o nga momo whirihoranga, e whakatuwhera ana i nga huarahi whanui mo te ine i te ahua o te Ipurangi.
Kei raro nei he tauira o nga hua mata mai i te inenga kotahi ma te whakamahi i nga tautuhinga taunoa. I roto i nga inenga penei i te ping, traceroute me SSL, ko te IP IP o habr.com i tohua hei whaainga, ko DNS te IP IP o te Google DNS server, ko NTP te IP IP o te NTP server ntp1.stratum2.ru. I whakamahia nga inenga katoa i tetahi pukoro kei Vladivostok.
Ping
[{"fw":4790,"lts":18,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","af":4,"dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"ICMP","ttl":55,"size":48,"result":[{"rtt":122.062873},{"rtt":121.775641},{"rtt":121.807897}],"dup":0,"rcvd":3,"sent":3,"min":121.775641,"max":122.062873,"avg":121.882137,"msm_id":26273241,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594622562,"msm_name":"Ping","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"ping","group_id":26273241,"step":null,"stored_timestamp":1594622562}]Traceroute
[{"fw":4790,"lts":19,"endtime":1594622643,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"ICMP","af":4,"size":48,"paris_id":1,"result":[{"hop":1,"result":[{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":7.49},{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":1.216},{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":1.169}]},{"hop":2,"result":[{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.719},{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.507},{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.48}]},---DATA OMITED---,{"hop":10,"result":[{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.891},{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.873},{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.923}]}],"msm_id":26273246,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594622637,"msm_name":"Traceroute","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"traceroute","group_id":26273246,"stored_timestamp":1594622649}]DNS
[{"fw":4790,"lts":146,"dst_addr":"8.8.8.8","af":4,"src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"UDP","result":{"rt":174.552,"size":42,"abuf":"5BGAgAABAAEAAAAABGhhYnIDY29tAAABAAHADAABAAEAAAcmAASy+O1E","ID":58385,"ANCOUNT":1,"QDCOUNT":1,"NSCOUNT":0,"ARCOUNT":0},"msm_id":26289620,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594747880,"msm_name":"Tdig","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"dns","group_id":26289620,"stored_timestamp":1594747883}]SSL
[{"fw":4790,"lts":63,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","dst_port":"443","method":"TLS","ver":"1.2","dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","af":4,"src_addr":"192.168.0.10","ttc":106.920213,"rt":219.948332,"cert":["-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----nMIIGJzCCBQ+gAwIBAg ---DATA OMITED--- yd/teRCBaho1+Vn-----END CERTIFICATE-----"],"msm_id":26289611,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594747349,"msm_name":"SSLCert","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"sslcert","group_id":26289611,"stored_timestamp":1594747352}]NTP
[{"fw":4790,"lts":72,"dst_name":"88.147.254.230","dst_addr":"88.147.254.230","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"UDP","af":4,"li":"no","version":4,"mode":"server","stratum":2,"poll":8,"precision":0.0000076294,"root-delay":0.000518799,"root-dispersion":0.0203094,"ref-id":"5893fee5","ref-ts":3803732581.5476198196,"result":[{"origin-ts":3803733082.3982748985,"receive-ts":3803733082.6698465347,"transmit-ts":3803733082.6698560715,"final-ts":3803733082.5099263191,"rtt":0.111643,"offset":-0.21575},{"origin-ts":3803733082.5133042336,"receive-ts":3803733082.7847337723,"transmit-ts":3803733082.7847442627,"final-ts":3803733082.6246700287,"rtt":0.111355,"offset":-0.215752},{"origin-ts":3803733082.6279149055,"receive-ts":3803733082.899283886,"transmit-ts":3803733082.8992962837,"final-ts":3803733082.7392635345,"rtt":0.111337,"offset":-0.2157}],"msm_id":26289266,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594744282,"msm_name":"Ntp","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"ntp","group_id":26289266,"stored_timestamp":1594744289}]mutunga
Ko te whatunga RIPE Atlas he taputapu watea e taea ai e koe te aro turuki i te waatea o nga taonga me nga ratonga i runga i te Ipurangi i roto i te waa tuuturu.
Ko nga raraunga i hangaia e te whatunga RIPE Atlas ka whai hua ki nga kaiwhakahaere waea, ki nga kairangahau, ki te hapori hangarau me te hunga e hiahia ana ki te hauora o te Ipurangi me te hiahia ki te ako atu mo nga hanganga whatunga me nga rerenga raraunga e tautoko ana i te Ipurangi i runga i te ao. .
Ko te PS RIPE Atlas ehara i te mea ko ia anake i roto i tona ahua, he tauira, hei tauira .
Source: will.com