He hononga tonu te mahi kaiwhakahaere pūnaha ki tētahi tirohanga tuku iho. Ko te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha he momo tohunga hangarau mōhiohio whānui i roto i tētahi kamupene e whakatika ana i ngā rorohiko, e whakarite ana i te ipurangi, e whakahaere ana i ngā taputapu tari, e whirihora ana i ngā kaupapa, me ērā atu mea. Kua tae ki te wā i whakatūria ai te Rā Whakahaere Pūnaha—te Paraire whakamutunga o Hūrae, arā, i tēnei rā.
Heoi anō, ko te rā nei te huritau o te hararei: i whakanuia te Rā SysAdmin tuatahi i te tau 2000 i Chicago e tētahi "tangata hangarau mōhiohio whānui" o Amerika, ko Ted Kekatos tōna ingoa. He pikiniki i te whenua i tae atu ai ngā kaimahi o tētahi kamupene pūmanawa iti.
I tae mai te hararei ki Rūhia i te tau 2006, i te wā i tū ai te Huihuinga a ngā Kaiwhakahaere Pūnaha Katoa-Rūhia tata ki Kaluga, ā, i muri mai ka whai ake tētahi huihuinga rite ki Novosibirsk.
Kei te ora tonu te umanga, ā, he wā pai rawa atu tēnei i ēnei rā ki te tirotiro i tōna whanaketanga, tōna āhua o nāianei, me ngā tūmanakohanga e tukuna ana mai i te mahi hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha i te ao o "te hangarau mōhiohio nui".
Kaiwhakahaere Pūnaha: inanahi me tēnei rā
I ēnei rā, he maha ngā momo rerekētanga o ngā mahi a te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha.
I roto i tētahi kamupene iti tae atu ki te 100 ngā kaimahi, ka taea e te tangata kotahi te mahi i ngā mahi a te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha, te kaiwhakahaere, ka whakahaere hoki ia i ngā raihana pūmanawa, ā, ka whai kawenga ia mō te mahi tiaki i ngā taputapu tari, te whakatū i te Wi-Fi, te whakautu i ngā tono a ngā kaiwhakamahi, me te whai kawenga mō ngā tūmauMena kei te kamupene te 1C, ka mōhio anō hoki tēnei tangata ki taua mea. Koinei te mahi a te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha i roto i tētahi pakihi iti.
Mō ngā kamupene nunui – ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga, ngā kaiwhakarato kapua, ngā kaiwhakawhanake pūmanawa, me ētahi atu – he pono he hohonu ake ngā horopaki mō te whanaketanga o te umanga kaiwhakahaere pūnaha.
Hei tauira, i roto i aua kamupene, tera pea he tūranga kaiwhakahaere Unix motuhake, Windows He tino tohunga haumarutanga tō te kaiwhakahaere, me ētahi atu miihini whatunga anō hoki. Tērā pea he kaiwhakahaere tari IT, he kaiwhakahaere IT rānei kei a rātou katoa hei kawenga mō te whakahaere hanganga me ngā kaupapa IT i roto i te tari. Me whai kaiwhakahaere IT ngā kamupene nui he tohunga ki te whakamahere rautaki, ā, he whakaaro pai te whiwhi MBA hei tāpiri atu ki ō rātou wheako hangarau o nāianei. Kāore he otinga tika kotahi; kei te kamupene te katoa.
Ko te nuinga o ngā hoa mahi taitamariki e tīmata ana hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha ka tīmata i te tautoko hangarau raina tuatahi me te tuarua, e whakautu ana i ngā pātai kuware a ngā kaiwhakamahi, e whiwhi wheako ana, e whakawhanake ana i ngā pūkenga ātete ki te ahotea. Ka whakangungua rātou e ngā kaiwhakahaere pūnaha mātau ake, e whakawhanake ana i ngā rauropi mō ngā āhuatanga rapurongoā noa, te whirihoranga, me ērā atu mea. Ka āta ako haere rātou, ā, ki te angitu rātou, ā, ka pai ki te tukanga, ka āta ahu whakamua rātou ki te taumata e whai ake nei.
Ka tae tātou ki te pātai, mehemea rānei ka taea te tiro i te whakahaere pūnaha hei tomokanga ki tētahi mahi hangarau mōhiohio nui ake, he taumata kati rānei e taea ai e te tangata te whanake whakapae anake?
Ko te rangi te rohe
Tuatahi, e hiahia ana ahau ki te tohu, i tēnei ao hou, i runga i ngā āhuatanga matua katoa o te whanaketanga hangarau mōhiohio, he whai wāhitanga nui tō te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha ki te whakawhanake me te tipu ngaio i roto i tētahi mara kua whiriwhiria.
Ka tīmata koe hei tohunga tautoko hangarau mōhiohio, kātahi hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha, kātahi ka whiriwhiri koe i tētahi tohungatanga. Ka taea e koe te noho hei kaihōtaka, hei kaiwhakahaere Unix, hei miihini whatunga, hei kaihoahoa hangarau mōhiohio pūnaha, hei tohunga haumarutanga, hei kaiwhakahaere kaupapa rānei.
Ae, ehara i te mea ngāwari – tuatahi, me whiwhi koe i te wheako, me paahi i ngā whakamātautau i roto i ngā kaupapa whakangungu maha, me whiwhi tiwhikete, me whakaatu tonu i tō kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā hua me te whakamahi i ō mātauranga me ō wheako kua riro mai, me te ako tonu. Mena ka whiriwhiri te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha ki te whanake hei kaihoahoa pūnaha, ka taea e rātou te tumanako he utu e rite ana ki te utu o ngā kaiwhakahaere IT.
Heoi anō, ka taea hoki e koe te huri mai i te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha ki te whakahaere hangarau mōhiohio. Mena he pai ki a koe te whakahaere, te mahi tahi, me te ārahi, he mea tino pai te whakahaere kaupapa māu.
Heoi anō, ka taea e koe te noho hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha i te taumata ngaio tino teitei, me te whakawhanake i roto i tētahi mara tino motuhake, hei tauira, i tētahi kaiwhakarato kapua, e arotahi ana ki ngā hanganga kapua me ngā mahi mariko.
He waimarie mō ngā kaiwhakahaere pūnaha, kāore he whai wāhitanga i ēnei rā kāore e tuwhera ana ki ngā hoa mahi—mā te katoa e whiriwhiri ko tēhea te wāhi hei tipu me te wāhi hei whanaketanga i muri mai.
He nui rawa te whakanui i te mātauranga?
Ko te rongo pai, he tika te kī, kāore e hiahiatia he mātauranga motuhake, pērā i te pāngarau, hei whakauru atu ki te ao hangarau mōhiohio hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha.
Kua tūtaki ahau ki ētahi tohunga mātauranga tangata i hanga mahi angitu mā te tīmata ki te tautoko hangarau mōhiohio, kātahi ka whai i te ara kua whakamāramahia i runga ake nei. Kei te huri te whakahaere pūnaha i konei hei "whare wānanga hangarau mōhiohio" tino pai.
Ae, kāore he kino o te mātauranga hangarau, ā, he tino whai hua anō hoki, engari ahakoa i tēnei wā, me haere koe ki ētahi akoranga i roto i tōu tohungatanga, me te whiwhi wheako mai i ngā take o te ao tūturu.
I te nuinga o te wā, ki te hiahia tetahi ki te noho hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha, ehara i te mea he mahi kati i ēnei rā, pērā i te mahi pailate rererangi whawhai. Ka taea e koe te tīmata ki te whakatutuki i tō moemoeā mai i te whakamarie o tō kāinga mā te ako tuhinga, mā te tango akoranga rānei i runga i tō waea atamai. He nui ngā mōhiohio mō ngā mara katoa e wātea ana i roto i te ahua o ngā akoranga me ngā tuhinga kore utu, utu rānei.
Ka taea e koe te whakarite mō tāu mahi hangarau mōhiohio tuatahi mai i te kāinga, kātahi ka neke ki te tautoko hangarau mōhiohio me te marino katoa o te hinengaro.
He pono, ko te hunga i ako i ngā mara e pā ana ki te whare wānanga he pai ake te tīmatanga, engari i tētahi atu taha, ko te tangata whai mātauranga pāngarau pakari, kāore pea ia e whakaaro ki te mahi i roto i te tautoko, i te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha rānei; tera pea ka whiriwhiria e ia tētahi atu ara—hei tauira, ko te Raraunga Nui. Ka tino whakaitihia te whakataetae i te taumata whakaurunga.
Ngā Pūkenga: Ngā Pūkenga Whakahaere Pūnaha Matua e 5 o te tau 2020
Heoi anō, me whai pūkenga tonu hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha angitu i te tau 2020. Anei rā.
Ko te mea tuatahi, ko te hiahia ki te mahi me te tipu i roto i tēnei umanga, te hihiri, te mahi uaua, me te ngākau nui ki te ako tonu. Koinei te kī.
Ki te rongo tetahi i tētahi wāhi he rawe te noho hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha, engari i muri i tana whakamātautau, ka kite kāore ia e pai ki te umanga, he pai ake kia kaua e moumou taima, kia huri rānei i ngā tohungatanga. Me whakapau kaha, me whakapau kaha hoki te umanga mō te wā roa. Kei te huri haere tonu te hangarau mōhiohio. Kāore e taea te ako kotahi noa i tētahi mea, kātahi ka noho mō ngā tau 10, kāore he mahi, kāore he ako hou. "Ako, ako, ako anō." /V.I. Lenin/
Ko te tuarua o ngā āhuatanga nui o tētahi pūkenga ko te maumahara pai me ngā pūkenga tātari. Me pupuri tonu e koe he nui o ngā mātauranga i roto i tōu mahunga, me tāpiri atu he pukapuka hou me ngā kaupapa hou ki roto, me āhei ki te mārama auaha, me te huri hei mahi ngaio whai hua. Me āhei hoki ki te whakamahi i ngā mātauranga me ngā wheako i te wā tika.
Ko te wāhanga tuatoru he huinga iti rawa o ngā mōhiotanga ngaio. Mō ngā tauira kua puta i ngā whare wānanga hangarau motuhake, e rawaka ana ēnei e whai ake nei: te mōhiotanga ki ngā kaupapa matua o te pātengi raraunga, ngā mātāpono hoahoa pūnaha whakahaere (ehara i te taumata hōhonu, ehara i te taumata kaihoahoa), te māramatanga ki te taunekeneke a te pūmanawa me te taputapu, te māramatanga ki ngā mātāpono whatunga, me ngā pūkenga hōtaka taketake. TCP/IP, Unix, Windows Ngā Pūnaha. Ki te mōhio koe ki te tāuta anō i te Windows me te hanga i tō ake rorohiko, kua tata rite koe ki te noho hei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha.
Ko tētahi o ngā tohu o ēnei rā ko te aunoatanga. Kei te mōhio ngā kaiwhakahaere pūnaha katoa he māmā ake te tuhi i ētahi tukanga ki roto i ngā tuhinga, ā, ka whakaitihia te mahi ā-ringa hoha.
Ko te tuawhā o ngā kōrero ko te mōhio ki te reo Pākehā, he pūkenga tino nui tēnei. He pai ake te whakawhānui ake i tō ake pūtake mātauranga mai i ngā puna tuatahi; ko te reo o te hangarau mōhiohio i ēnei rā ko te reo Pākehā.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te tuarima o ngā āhuatanga o te pūkenga kaiwhakahaere pūnaha 2020 ko te maha o ngā mahi. Kua honoa ngā mea katoa inaianei, hei tauira, ā, Windows me Unix i te nuinga o te wā ka konatunatua ki te hanganga kotahi mō ngā poraka mahi rerekē.
E whakamahia ana a Unix i ngā wāhi katoa ināianei, i roto i ngā hanganga hangarau mōhiohio umanga me ngā kapua; kei te whakahaerehia kētia a 1C me MS SQL i runga i a Unix, tae atu ki te kapua. tūmau Ngā kapua o Microsoft me Amazon.
I runga anō i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te mahi a tētahi kamupene, me mārama wawe pea te kaiwhakahaere pūnaha ki ngā mea tino ohorere, me te whakauru wawe i tētahi tono kapua kua oti te hanga, i tana API rānei ki roto i ngā tukanga a te kamupene.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, me uru koe ki te momo āhua #youareajobster, ā, me taea hoki e koe te mahi kia puta ai ngā hua i roto i tētahi mahi.
Kāore e kitea te DevOps
Ko tētahi o ngā ara mahi tino kitea mō ngā kaiwhakahaere pūnaha o ēnei rā ko DevOps; koinei te momo āhua.
Ko te mea pono, ehara i te mea ngāwari: he kaiawhina te tohunga DevOps i roto i te hangarau mōhiohio o ēnei rā ki te kaihōtaka, e whakarerekē tonu ana, e whakatika ana i te hanganga, e rapu ana he aha i mahi ai te waehere i runga i tētahi putanga whare pukapuka engari kāore i runga i tētahi atu. Ka whakahaere aunoa hoki a DevOps i ngā momo rauropi hei whakatinana me te whakamātautau i tētahi hua i runga i ā rātou ake tūmau kapua, ā, ka āwhina i te tīpako me te whirihora i te hoahoanga o ngā wāhanga hangarau mōhiohio. Ahakoa ka taea e rātou te hōtaka i tētahi mea me te pānui i te waehere a tētahi atu, ehara tēnā i tā rātou mahi matua.
He kaiwhakahaere pūnaha motuhake ake a DevOps. Koinā te ingoa, engari kāore i tino whakarerekē i te umanga, i ōna kawenga rānei. Kei te rongonui haere tēnei umanga i nāianei, engari ko te hunga kāore anō kia uru ki tēnei mara ka whai wāhi ki te mahi pera i roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei.
I ēnei rā, ko te ia o ngā mahi hangarau mōhiohio e piki haere ana mai i te taumata kaiwhakahaere pūnaha ko te hangarau karetao me te aunoatanga (RPA), te AI me te Raraunga Nui, te DevOps, me te kaiwhakahaere kapua.
Kei te wāhi e tūtaki ai ngā kaupapa maha o te umanga kaiwhakahaere pūnaha, he momo kaihanga pūkenga me ngā pūkenga mō te whakakotahi i a ia anō. Kāore he kino ki te whiwhi pūkenga pēnei i te manawanui ki te ahotea me te māramatanga taketake ki te hinengaro. Kia maumahara kei te mahi koe ehara i te mea me te hangarau mōhiohio anake engari me te hunga hoki, he maha ngā āhua me ngā rahi. Me whakamārama anō hoki e koe he aha i pai ake ai tō otinga hangarau mōhiohio i ētahi atu, me te aha hoki i tika ai te kōwhiringa.
Ka tāpiri atu ahau, ka noho tonu tēnei umanga hei mea e hiahiatia ana mō ake tonu atu. Nā te mea kāore anō kia tutuki i roto i te mahi ngā kupu whakaari katoa a ngā kaihoko hangarau mōhiohio nui e kī ana i te tukunga o ngā "pūnaha me ngā pūnaha e tino whai mana ana, e kore e pakaru, e pupuri, e whakatika hoki i a rātou anō". Kei te kōrero tonu a Oracle, a Microsoft, me ētahi atu kamupene nui mō tēnei. Engari kāore he mea pēnei e tupu ana nā te mea he tino kanorau, he rerekē hoki ngā pūnaha mōhiohio i runga i ngā pūhara, ngā reo, ngā kawa, me ērā atu mea. Kāore anō kia taea e te matauranga horihori te whirihora i te whakahaere maeneene o ngā hoahoa hangarau mōhiohio uaua me te kore he hapa, me te kore he wawaotanga tangata.
Ko te tikanga tēnei ka roa te wā e hiahiatia ana ngā kaiwhakahaere pūnaha, ā, ka tino tutukihia ngā tono nui mō tō rātou ngaiotanga.
Ilya Ilyichev, kaiwhakahaere hangarau mōhiohio i Linxdatacenter
Source: will.com
