Ko te akoranga ataata o te rā nei mō ngā kawa ara o te Distance Vector me te Link State e whakaatu ana i tētahi o ngā kaupapa nui o te akoranga CCNA: ko ngā kawa ara OSPF me EIGRP. E whā, e ono rānei ngā akoranga ataata e whai ake nei ka tangohia e tēnei kaupapa. Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrero poto ahau mō ētahi ariā me mōhio koe i mua i te ako i te OSPF me te EIGRP.
I te akoranga o mua i tirohia e tātou te wāhanga 2.1 o te kaupapa ICND2, ā, i tēnei rā ka ako tātou i ngā wāhanga 2.2 "Ngā āhuatanga ōrite me ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kawa Distance Vector (DV) me ngā kawa Link State (LS)" me te 2.3 "Ngā āhuatanga ōrite me ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kawa ara ā-roto me ā-waho".
E ai ki taku kōrero, i roto i ngā ataata e 4, e 6 rānei e whai ake nei ka hipokina e mātou ngā kaupapa matua o te akoranga katoa: OSPFv2 mō IPv4, OSPFv3 mō IPv6, EIGRP mō IPv4, me EIGRP mō IPv6. He maha ngā pātai a ngā ākonga ki ahau he aha te Routing Protocol, me pēhea tōna rerekētanga mai i te Routed/Routable Protocol.
Ka whakamahia he kawa ara e te pouara, pērā i te RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, me ētahi atu. Ko te kawa ara te huarahi e kōrero ai ngā pouara tetahi ki tetahi, e whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ana mō te whatunga me te whakakī i ā rātou ripanga ara ki ēnei mōhiohio. I runga i ēnei ripanga, ka whakatauhia e rātou ngā whakatau ara.
I muri i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a ngā pouara tetahi ki tetahi, me te whakakī i ā rātou ripanga ara mā te whakamahi i tētahi kawa ara, ka whakatau rātou mō te tuku waka ki ētahi atu whatunga. Ka mahia tēnei mā te whakamahi i tētahi kawa ara, e āhei ai ngā pouara ki te tuku whakamua, ki te arahi rānei i ngā waka. Kei roto i ēnei kawa ko IPv4 me IPv6.
Nō reira, mā te kawa ara ka whakakīia ngā ripanga ara ki ngā mōhiohio, ā, mā te kawa ara ka whakapūmau ka arahia ngā waka e ai ki ngā mōhiohio kei roto i ēnei ripanga. Mēnā he IPv4, he IPv6 rānei, ka whakakīia ngā raraunga kua tukuna, ā, ka whakaratohia ki ngā pane IP, e ai ki ngā ingoa o ēnei kawa—IP.
Ko te pātai e whai ake nei e pā ana ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā Kawa o te Kūaha o Roto me ngā Kawa o te Kūaha o Waho. Kaua e pōhēhē ki te kupu "kūaha". Ko ngā pouara e whakamahia ana i roto i tētahi pūnaha motuhake. Me kī tātou e 50 ngā pouara a tō kamupene, ia pouara e whakamahi ana i tētahi kawa IP. He pūnaha motuhake katoa ēnei, arā, e whakamahia ana, e whakahaerehia ana hoki e tētahi kamupene kotahi, e tētahi whakahaere kotahi.
Nō reira, ko ngā kawa e whakamahia ana hei whakarato ara i roto i tētahi pūnaha motuhake pēnei ka kiia he kawa kuwaha o roto, ko ngā kawa e whakamahia ana hei whakarato ara i waho o te pūnaha ka kiia he kawa kuwaha o waho. Ka whakaratohia e te kawa kuwaha o waho he ara i waenga i ngā pūnaha motuhake rerekē. Ko tētahi o aua pūnaha ko tō ISP, ā, ko tana pūnaha pea he 200 ngā pouara. Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha motuhake he kawa kuwaha o waho hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tetahi ki tetahi.
Ko ngā kawa kuwaha ā-roto ko RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, ā, ko te kawa kuwaha o waho anake e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā ko te BGP.
Ko ngā whakamāramatanga e rua e whai ake nei me mārama koe ko te Distance Vector me te Link State. Ko ēnei ngā momo kawa ara o roto o te kuwaha.
Me kī tātou e toru ā tātou pouara e hono ana tetahi ki tetahi, ki te whatunga 192.168.10.0/24. Me tapa e tātou ko A, B, me C. Mai i te akoranga ICND1, e mōhio ana tātou ki ngā mea ka puta ina whakamahia te RIP.
Nā te mea ko te Pouara B te mea e tata rawa ana ki te whatunga 192.168.10.0/24, koia te tuatahi ki te pānui i tēnei whatunga ki te Pouara A me te Pouara C. Ka tukuna anō hoki e te Pouara C tēnei pānuitanga ki te Pouara A. Ka whiwhi a Pouara A i ngā mōhiohio mō te whatunga 192.168.10.0/24 mā roto i ōna atanga e rua, arā, ko te f0/0 me te f0/1. Nā te mea e whakamahi ana a RIPv2 i te ine Hop Count, ka kī atu ki a Pouara A ko te huarahi tino pai ki tēnei whatunga ko te Pouara B, nā te mea ka taea te toro atu ki te whatunga i roto i te hop kotahi. Mena ka whakamahia te atanga f0/1 hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te whatunga 192.168.10.0/24, e rua ngā hop e hiahiatia ana. Nō reira, mai i te tirohanga a te Pouara A, ko te atanga f0/0 te mea tino pai. Ka whakatau a A i tēnei nā te mea e whakamahi ana i te RIP, he kawa tawhiti.
E ai ki te hoahoa, ka kite tātou koinei te otinga tika nā te mea ko te tawhiti i waenganui i a A me B te mea poto rawa. Engari, me pēhea mēnā ka kī atu ahau he rārangi 64 kbps i waenganui i a A me B, he rārangi 100 Mbps i waenganui i a C me B, ā, ko te rārangi kotahi i waenganui i a C me A?
Ko tēhea ara te mea tino pai i raro i ēnei āhuatanga?
He pono, he pai ake te aho 100-megabit-ia-hekona i te aho 64-kirobit-ia-hekona, ahakoa e rua ngā pekepeketanga o te ara i roto i taua ara, kaua ko te kotahi. Heoi, kāore te kawa tawhiti (RIP) e whai whakaaro ki te tere o te waka, nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te iti rawa o ngā pekepeketanga ina whiriwhiria te ara tino pai. I tēnei wā, he pai ake te whakamahi i te kawa hononga-āhua, pērā i te OSPF. Ka tirohia e tēnei kawa te utu o ngā ara, ā, i muri i te kitenga i te mea iti rawa te utu, ka tukuna ngā waka i te ara Pouara A - Pouara C - Pouara B.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te RIP, he tino uaua ake te kawa OSPF, e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha i te wā e whakatau ana i te ara tino pai me te kimi i te ara poto rawa atu e ai ki ngā inenga.
I mua, he kawa ara Cisco motuhake a EIGRP, ā, inaianei he paerewa tuwhera. Ka whakakotahi i ngā āhuatanga pai rawa atu o te kawa tawhiti me te kawa āhua whatunga. Ka whakaarohia te whānui o te whatunga me te whakaroa. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana, ko te roa o te ara (arā, ko te nui o ngā hops), ko te roa o te whakaroa. Nō reira, ka tīpakohia e EIGRP te ara me te whānui teitei me te whakaroa katoa iti rawa mā te whakataurite i ngā inenga ara. Ko te whānui me te whakaroa he wāhanga o te tātai e whakamahia ana hei whakatau ara.
Koinei te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kawa tawhiti me ngā kawa āhua hono. Ka whakaarohia e ngā kawa tawhiti te tawhiti o te ara anake, ko ngā kawa āhua hono ia ka whakaarohia e ngā tikanga whatunga i te taha o te ara, pērā i te tere me te putanga.
He kawa ara ranu a EIGRP, e whakakotahi ana i ngā āhuatanga o ngā kawa e rua kua whakahuatia ake nei. E whakaaro ana a Cisco koinei te kawa ara pai rawa atu, koia te take e pai ake ai ki ana kaihanga katoa. Heoi, ko te OSPF te kawa e whakamahia whānuitia ana puta noa i te ao. Nā te mea kua tata nei te noho a EIGRP hei paerewa tuwhera, nō reira kāore ngā kaihoko tuatoru i te tino mōhio ki tōna hototahitanga ki ā rātou taputapu whatunga.
Me whakaaro tātou ki te taumata whakawhirinaki o tētahi kawa. Ina whiwhi te pouara A i ngā mōhiohio ara mai i ngā pūtake rerekē e rua, ka whakamahia e ia tētahi tātai hei whakatau ko tēhea o ngā ara e rua hei whakanoho ki tana ripanga ara. He māmā noa iho tēnei nā te mea ka tirohia ngā tawhā o ngā ara B-A me A-C-B, ka whakataurite i a rāua, ā, ka whakatau i te whakatau tino pai. Ko te tikanga, ka mahi anō a OSPF i te taurite kawenga, arā, mēnā he rite te utu o ngā ara e rua, ka mahi ia i te taurite kawenga. Ka hipokina e mātou tēnei i roto i ngā ataata a muri ake nei, engari i tēnei rā e hiahia ana ahau kia mōhio koe mōna.
Me titiro tātou ki te ripanga e whai ake nei. Kei raro nei, ka tuhia anō e au ngā pouara A, B, me C, e hanga ana i tētahi pūnaha whatunga motuhake i roto i tō kamupene. Me kī tātou kua riro mai i tō kamupene tētahi atu kamupene, he pūnaha kei a ia me ngā pouara A1, B1, me C1. Nō reira, e rua āu kamupene inaianei, he whatunga motuhake tā ia kamupene. Me kī tātou ko te tuatahi e whakamahi ana i te EIGRP, ā, ko te tuarua e whakamahi ana i te OSPF.
Ae, ka taea e koe te whirihora anō i tō whatunga kia whakamahi i te OSPF, te neke rānei i te whatunga o tētahi kamupene kua riro mai ki te EIGRP, engari he nui te mahi whakahaere e hiahiatia ana. Tērā pea ka taea tēnei mō tētahi kamupene iti, engari mō tētahi kamupene nui ake, he nui te mahi. I tēnei wā, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tohatoha anō, arā, te tango i ngā ara EIGRP me te tohatoha i a rātou mā te OSPF, kātahi ka tohatoha anō i ngā ara OSPF mā te EIGRP. He tino taea tēnei. Hei mahi i tēnei, me whakamahi tētahi o ngā pouara o tō kamupene i te EIGRP me te OSPF—me kī, ko te Pouara B. Ka whai ripanga ara kei roto ko ētahi ara i ahu mai i te EIGRP me ētahi mai i te OSPF. Me kī he whatunga anō tā tātou me ngā hononga ki ngā kamupene e rua. Ka whakamahia e te kamupene tuatahi ngā ara EIGRP hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki a ia, ko te kamupene tuarua ia ka whakamahia ngā ara OSPF. Ka tino uaua te whakataurite i ēnei ara, i ahu mai i ngā pūtake rerekē, nā te mea ka whiriwhiria e ia pouara te ara tino pai i runga i ōna ake inenga.
I tēnei wā, ka whakamahia te ariā o te Tawhiti Whakahaere. Ka āwhina i te pouara ki te whiriwhiri i te ara tino pai mai i ngā ara maha i whiwhi mai i ngā kawa ara rerekē. Hei tauira, ki te hono tika a Pouara B ki a Pouara C, ko te tawhiti whakahaere ka 0, koinei te ara tino pono. Me kī atu a Pouara A ki a Pouara B kei a ia anō te urunga ki a Pouara C. I tēnei wā, ka whakautu a Pouara B: "Ngā mihi mō ō mōhiohio, engari kua hono tika a Pouara C ki ahau, nō reira ka whiriwhiria e au te kōwhiringa me te tawhiti whakahaere iti iho i te hono atu māu."
Ko te tawhiti whakahaere e tohu ana i te pono o tētahi kawa. Ko te iti o te tawhiti whakahaere, ko te nui ake o te pono. Ko te kōwhiringa pono e whai ake nei i muri i te hononga tika ko te hononga tūmau me te tawhiti whakahaere o te 1. Ko te pono o te kawa EIGRP e tohuhia ana e te tawhiti whakahaere o te 90, o te OSPF ki te 110, me te RIP ki te 120.
Nō reira, mēnā ko EIGRP me OSPF te whatunga kotahi, ka whakawhirinaki te pouara ki ngā mōhiohio ara i akohia mai i EIGRP nā te mea he 90 tōna tawhiti whakahaere, he iti iho i te OSPF.
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Source: will.com
