Windows 10 + Linux. Te whakatu i te KDE Plasma GUI mo Ubuntu 20.04 i WSL2. Whakawhitiwhiti

Whakataki

Ko tenei tuhinga he whakaaro mo nga kaiwhakahaere punaha e whakarite ana i nga waahi mahi i runga i nga rorohiko e whakahaere ana Windows 10, tae atu ki nga kaihanga rorohiko.

Me tohu ko tetahi raruraru e pa ana ki te kore e taea te whakauru i nga rorohiko i whiwhihia mai i te toa ipurangi a Microsoft Store mo te whakamahi i roto i te ahua ritenga Windows 10. Ma te kore e uru ki nga taipitopito, ka whakamaramahia e au ko tenei raruraru e pa ana ki te meka e Ko nga papatono i whakauruhia mai i te Toa Microsoft ka korero ki te putea ratonga Kaiwhakahaere, a ka oti te hanga whakaahua ritenga e te taputapu sysprep ka puta nga hapa na tenei ahuatanga.

Ko te tikanga i korerohia i roto i tenei tuhinga ka karo i tenei raruraru i te wa e whakarite ana i te ahua o te Windows 10 OS me te punaha WSL2 kua oti te whakarite, me te ahua o te Ubuntu 20.04 OS kua oti te whakarite me te whirihora me te KDE Plasma GUI, ka taea e ia te whai ake. huinga o te pūmanawa ritenga.

He maha nga tauira me nga akoranga i runga i te Ipurangi mo te whakatu i nga punaha WSL (arā, ko te WSL1 me te WSL2 hou), me te whakarite i tetahi atanga GUI mo nga punaha OS i runga i te linux mai i te Ubuntu 16.04 ki te Ubuntu 20.04, engari ko te nuinga o tenei ko nga papamahi e pa ana. i runga i te mea e kiia ana. "Maamaa" xfce4, he herenga marama ki nga tautuhinga kaiwhakamahi. Engari mo te KDE Plasma GUI mo Ubuntu 20.04 e pa ana, kaore he maha o nga korero i kitea i runga i te kupenga. Engari ko tenei kowhiringa e whakarato ana ki te kaiwhakamahi mutunga he huinga huinga tata kore mutunga mo te ahua o te punaha me nga taputapu taputapu, ma te whai whakaaro ki nga kaha whakauru o naianei o nga punaha linux kua whakauruhia ki roto i te punaha WSL2.

Te whakauru i te huinga rorohiko e hiahiatia ana me te whirihora i te WSL2

Ka tirohia e matou te putanga o naianei o Windows, mo tenei, i te pae rapu Windows, whakauruhia te whakahau winver a ka whiwhi tatou i tetahi mea penei:

He mea nui kia 1903, 1909 ranei te putanga OS (me whakauru nga putanga OS kua tohua me te whakahou taapiri KB4566116 kua whakauruhia), 2004 ranei (tau hanga kia iti iho i te 19041), ko te toenga o nga korero kare he aha. Mena he iti ake te tau putanga, e taunaki ana kia whakahou koe ki te putanga hou o Windows kia tika ai te whakaputa i nga hua o tenei tuhinga.

Mo te pai o etahi atu mahi, whakauruhia te Windows Terminal koreutu ma te whakamahi i te Toa Microsoft (kei kona ano te tango mai i etahi atu puna):

Ka whakauruhia e matou te X Server X410 ma te Toa Microsoft ano, ka utua tenei rorohiko, engari he wa kore utu mo nga ra 15, he nui mo nga momo whakamatautau.

Hei utu kore utu ki te X410 tango ka tāuta i te tūmau VcXsrv X.

I tetahi waahi watea i runga i te kōpae, ka hangaia e matou he raarangi hei penapena i a maatau konae. Hei tauira, me hanga he whaiaronga C:wsl.

Tikiake me te whakauru i te Ubuntu 20.04 te whakaurunga tuuturu, wetewete i te konae ka puta ma te whakamahi i te purongo (hei tauira, 7-zip). Whakaingoa ano te whaiaronga kua wetewetehia me te ingoa roa Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 ki tetahi mea pai ake, penei Ubuntu-20.04 ka kape ki te whaiaronga C:wsl (i muri nei noa wsl).

Tikiake ka wetewete ki roto i te whaiaronga wsl te tūmau oro whakawhiti-whakawhiti PulseAudio v.1.1., ka whakatikahia ano e matou ana konae whirihoranga.

I roto i te kōnae wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa wāhanga Load audio drivers statically whakatika te raina:

load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0

me te wahanga Network access whakatika te raina:

load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1

I roto i te kōnae wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf whakakorehia te korero me te huri i te raina

exit-idle-time = -1

Ka whirihorahia e matou te punaha WSL2 kia rite ki tuhinga Microsoft. Ko te korero anake kua oti i a matou te tango i te tohatoha Ubuntu, a ka whakauruhia e matou i te waahanga e whai ake nei. Ko te tikanga, ka heke te whirihoranga ki te whakaahei i nga waahanga taapiri "Windows Subsystem for Linux" me "Virtual Machine Platform", ka whakaara ano ki te tono huringa ki nga tautuhinga rorohiko:

Ki te tika tango me te whakauru i te kete ratonga kernel Linux ki WSL2.
Ka whakarewahia e matou a Windows Terminal ka kowhiri i te aratau Whakatairanga Whakatairanga ma te pehi i nga taviri Ctrl+Shift+2.

Ko te tuatahi, ka tautuhia e matou te aratau mahi WSL2, mo tenei ka uru matou ki te whakahau:

wsl  --set-default-version 2

Hurihia ki te raarangi bootloader tuuturu Ubuntu 20.04, i taku keehi ko tenei wslUbuntu-20.04 ka whakahaere i te kōnae ubuntu2004.exe. Ina tonohia he ingoa kaiwhakamahi, whakauruhia te ingoa kaiwhakamahi engineer (ka taea e koe te whakauru i tetahi atu ingoa), whakauruhia to kupuhipa me te whakaū i te kupuhipa kua whakauruhia mo te kaute kua tohua:

Ka puta mai he tohu tere, ka whakauruhia te kaarai Ubuntu 20.04. Kia tirohia te tika o nga tautuhinga aratau WSL2, mo tenei, i te Matapihi Matapihi, tohua te ripa Windows PowerShell ka uru ki te whakahau:

wsl -l -v

me penei te hua o te mahi:

Ka whirihorahia e matou te papaahi Microsoft Defender, i.e. mono mo te whatunga tūmatanui:

Te whakatu i te Ubuntu 20.04

I roto i te Matapihi Matapihi, tohua ano te ripa Whakatairanga Whakatairanga me te whakauru i nga whakahoutanga mo Ubuntu 20.04. Ki te mahi i tenei, i runga i te raina whakahau, tomo:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y

Tāutahia te papamahi KDE Plasma:

sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y

30 meneti te roa o te whakaurunga, i runga ano i te mahinga o te rorohiko me te bandwidth o te hongere uru Ipurangi, ina akiakihia e te kaiwhakauru, ka whakau matou OK.
Tāutahia te roherohe a Ruhia me nga papakupu Ubuntu 20.04. Ki te mahi i tenei, i runga i te raina whakahau, tomo:

sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales

Tāpirihia te putanga hou o te papamahi KDE Plasma:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

Ka taapirihia a maatau ake huinga tono papatohu, hei tauira mc и neofetch:

sudo apt install mc neofetch -y

Ka tirohia e matou te mea i tupu, tomo ki te raina whakahau neofetch, tirohia te whakaahua:

Te whakatika i te kōnae whirihora WSL /etc/wsl.conf:

sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf

tāruahia te kuputuhi ki te matapihi ētita kuputuhi kau ka tūwhera:

[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true

tiaki huringa (Ctrl+O), whakaū i te mahi ka puta atu i te ētita kuputuhi (Ctrl+X).

Te kaweake i te ahua Ubuntu-20.04 kua whakaritea ki te raarangi i hanga e matou wsl. Hei mahi i tenei, i te Matapihi Matapihi, tohua ano te ripa Windows PowerShell ka uru ki te whakahau:

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop

Ko te ahua i hangaia ka awhina i a maatau ki te whakahaere aunoa i nga mahi o te whakarewatanga / whakauru ano i te Ubuntu 20.04 kua whirihorahia, ki te tika, ka taea e maatau te whakawhiti ngawari ki tetahi atu rorohiko.

Te whakarite i nga konae pekapeka me nga pokatata ki te papamahi Windows

Ma te whakamahi i te ētita Notepad ++, hangahia nga konae pekapeka (e hiahiatia ana i roto i te whakawaehere OEM-866 mo te whakaputanga tika o nga tohu Cyrillic):
kōnae Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - i hangaia hei whakaaunoa i te whakaurunga tuatahi o te ahua hanga o Ubuntu 20.04 ki runga rorohiko me te punaha WSL2 kua oti te whirihora me te tūmau X. Mena he rereke te ingoa kaiwhakamahi me te kupuhipa mai i nga mea kua tohua i roto i te tauira, me whakarereke e koe ki tenei konae pekapeka:

@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause

kōnae Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - i hangaia hei whakauru ano i te ahua kua rite o Ubuntu 20.04 i runga i te rorohiko.

@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause

kōnae Set-default-user.bat - ki te tautuhi i te kaiwhakamahi taunoa.

@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause

kōnae Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - te whakarewatanga o te papamahi KDE Plasma.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

kōnae Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - ka whakarewahia he tauranga kauwhata kaore he papamahi KDE Plasma.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Ano hoki mo te ngawari ki te whakamahi i roto i te raarangi wsl ka whakarite tatou i nga pokatata e tohu ana ki nga konae pekapeka e pa ana. Na ko nga ihirangi o te whaiaronga wsl penei te ahua:

Te whakarewa i te Papamahi Plasma KDE

Ka tirohia e matou kua oti katoa nga mahi whakarite, ka ngana matou ki te whakarewa i te pokatata Plasma-desktop. Ka puta he tono kupuhipa, whakauruhia te kupuhipa mo te kaute ka ... ka kati te matapihi. He pai te wa tuatahi. Ka ngana ano matou - ka kite matou i te paetaumahi KDE Plasma. Ka whakaritehia e matou te ahua o te paetaumahi, i roto i te tauira, mo te ngawari o te whakamahi, ka nukuhia te paewhiri ki te taha matau o te mata, ka noho ki waenganui. Ka tirohia e matou nga tautuhinga waahi, ki te tika, taapirihia te reo Ruhia:

Mena e tika ana, ka kawea mai he pokatata mo nga tono linux kua whakauruhia ki te paetaumahi KDE Plasma.

Mena ka hiahia koe ki te puta mai i to putea kaiwhakamahi ki te tono i nga huringa ki nga tautuhinga, ka hiahia ranei koe ki te whakaara ano i te OS, ki te mahi i tenei, i te Windows Terminal, whakauruhia te whakahau:

wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown

Me te tapanga Plasma-desktop ranei Konsole ka taea e koe te whakahaere i te KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Hei tauira, tāuta me Konsole Kaiwhakatika whakairoiro GIMP:

Ka oti te whakaurunga, rere mai Konsole Kaiwhakatika whakairoiro GIMP:

Kei te mahi a GIMP, koinei taku i hiahia ki te tirotiro.
Anei me pehea te mahi o nga tono linux i KDE Plasma i WSL2:

kei te taha matau o te mata te paetaumahi KDE Plasma kua whakaritea. a ko te ataata i roto i te matapihi Firefox ka takaro me te tangi.

Mena e tika ana, ka taea e koe te whirihora i te uru ki te Ubuntu20.04 na SSH и RDP, mo tenei me whakauru koe i nga ratonga e tika ana me te whakahau:

sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y

tuhipoka: kia taea ai te uru kupuhipa na SSH me whakatika koe i te konae /etc/ssh/sshd_config, ara te tawhā PasswordAuthentication no me tautuhi ki PasswordAuthentication yes, tiakina nga huringa ka whakaara ano i te Ubuntu20.04.

Ia wa ka timata koe i te Ubuntu20.04, ka huri te wahitau ip o roto, i mua i te whakatuu uru mamao, me tirotiro koe i te wahitau ip o naianei ma te whakamahi i te whakahau ip a:

Na reira, me whakauru tenei wahitau-ip ki nga tautuhinga hui SSH и RDP i mua i te tiimata.
Koinei te ahua o te uru mamao SSH whakamahi MobaXterm:

A koinei te ahua o te uru mamao RDP:

Ma te whakamahi i te x server vcxsrv hei utu mo te x410

Te whakarewa me te whakarite vcxsrv, āta whakarite i ngā pouakataki e tika ana:

Te tiaki i te whirihoranga kua whirihora ki te whaiaronga wslvcxsrv me te ingoa paerewa config.xlaunch.

Te whakatika i nga konae pekapeka Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat kia rite ki o ratou tohutohu.

Te whakarewa i te pokatata Plasma-desktop, a koinei te mea ka whiwhi tatou:

Ko te papamahi KDE Plasma ka kati katoa i te papamahi Windows, ki te huri i waenga i nga matapihi o te linux me nga tono windows ka whakamahia e matou te huinga matua rongonui. Alt+Tab, e kore e tino watea.
I tua atu, i whakaatuhia he ahuatanga kino o te tūmau X vcxsrv - ka pakaru i te wa e whakahaere ana koe i etahi tono, ina koa ko taua GIMP, ko te Kaituhi LibreOffice ranei. Tena pea me tatari tatou kia tangohia e nga kaiwhakawhanake nga "pi" kua kitea, engari kaore tenei i te tino mohio ... Na, ki te whiwhi hua e manakohia ana, he pai ake te whakamahi i te X Server Microsoft x410.

mutunga

Heoi ano, me mihi taatau ki a Microsoft, ko te hua WSL2 he tino mahi, a, ki taku whakaaro kore mohio, he tino angitu. A, ki taku mohio, kei te kaha tonu nga kaiwhakawhanake ki te "whakaoti" i a ia, a pea - i roto i te tau, e rua ranei, ka puta mai tenei punaha iti i roto i ona mahi katoa.

Source: will.com