Kia ora katoa. I te ahiahi o te timatanga o te roopu akoranga hou Kei te whakaputahia e matou nga korero whai hua i tuhia e to maatau akonga, me te kaitohutohu akoranga, te tohunga tautoko hangarau mo nga hua umanga REG.RU - Roman Travin.
Ka whakaarohia e tenei tuhinga nga keehi e 2 mo te whakakapi i nga kopae me te whakawhiti korero ki nga kopae hou he nui ake te kaha me te roha atu o te raupapa me te punaha konae. Ko te keehi tuatahi ka pa ki te whakakapinga o nga kopae me te MBR/MBR, GPT/GPT ranei, ko te keehi tuarua ko te whakakapinga o nga kōpae me te wehewehenga MBR me nga kōpae neke atu i te 2 TB te kaha, me whakauru e koe. he wehewehenga GPT me te wehenga biosboot. I roto i nga take e rua, ko nga kopae ka whakawhitia e matou nga raraunga kua whakauruhia ki runga i te tūmau. Ko te punaha konae e whakamahia ana mo te wehenga pakiaka he ext4.
Take 1: Whakakapi i nga kōpae iti ake ki nga kōpae rahi ake (tae atu ki te 2TB)
He mahi: Whakakapihia nga kōpae o naianei ki nga kopae rahi ake (tae atu ki te 2 TB) me te whakawhiti korero. I tenei take, he 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) nga kōpae me te punaha kua whakauruhia me te 2 x 1 TB SATA kōpae me whakawhiti te punaha.
Kia titiro tatou ki te whakatakotoranga kōpae o naianei.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Kia tirohia te mokowā pūnaha kōnae e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
Ko te rahi o te punaha konae i mua i te whakakapi i nga kopae ko te 204 GB, 2 md126 raupaparorohiko e whakamahia ana, ka whakauruhia ki roto. /boot и md127, e whakamahia ana hei rōrahi tinana mo te roopu VG vg0.
1. Te tango i nga wehewehenga kōpae mai i nga raupapa
Te tirotiro i te ahua o te huinga
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Ka whakamahia e te punaha nga raupapa e 2: md126 (pae maunga /boot) - kei roto he waahanga /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM mo Huri me te putake o te punaha konae) - kei roto /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Ka tohuhia he kino nga wehewehenga o te kōpae tuatahi e whakamahia ana i ia huinga.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Ka tangohia e matou nga wehenga taputapu poraka /dev/sda mai i nga raupapa.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2I muri i te tango i te kōpae mai i te raupapa, ka penei te ahua o nga korero taputapu poraka.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Te ahua o nga raupapa i muri i te tango i nga kōpae.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Tāruatia te ripanga wehewehe ki tētahi kōpae hōu
Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i te ripanga wehewehe i whakamahia i runga i te kōpae me te whakahau e whai ake nei.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
Ko te putanga mo MBR ko:
Disk label type: dosmo GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Kei te tārua i te ripanga wehewehenga mo MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcI roto i tenei kapa tuatahi kua tohua te kōpae с Tuhinga o mua kua kapehia te tohu, tuarua - kei hea kape.
Tuhinga: Mo te GPT tuatahi kua tohua te kōpae kei runga nei kape tohu, tuarua kopae tohu te kōpae mai nei kape tohu. Mena ka whakaranuhia e koe nga kopae, ka tuhiruatia te wehewehenga pai i te tuatahi ka ngaro.
Kei te tārua i te ripanga tahora mō GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbWhai muri, tautapa he UUID matapōkere ki te kōpae (mo te GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Ka oti te whakahau, me puta nga wehewehenga ki runga i te kōpae /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Mena, i muri i te mahi, ko nga wehewehenga i roto i te punaha i runga i te kōpae /dev/sdc kare i whakatau, ka mahia e matou te whakahau kia panui ano te ripanga wehewehe.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcMena kei te whakamahi nga kōpae o naianei i te ripanga MBR me te whakawhiti i nga korero ki nga kopae nui ake i te 2 TB, na i runga i nga kōpae hou ka hiahia koe ki te hanga a-ringa i te wehenga GPT ma te whakamahi i te wehenga biosboot. Ka korerohia tenei keehi i te Wahanga 2 o tenei tuhinga.
3. Te taapiri i nga waahanga o te kōpae hou ki te huinga
Me taapiri nga wehewehenga kopae ki nga rarangi e rite ana.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Ka tirohia e maatau kua taapirihia nga waahanga.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk I muri i tenei, tatari tatou mo nga raupapa ki te tukutahi.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Ka taea e koe te aroturuki tonu i te tukanga tukutahi ma te whakamahi i te whaipainga watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
Taumahi -n ka tohu he aha nga waahi i roto i nga hēkona me mahi te whakahau ki te tirotiro i te ahunga whakamua.
Whakahokia nga taahiraa 1 - 3 mo te kōpae whakakapinga e whai ake nei.
Ka tohuhia he kino nga wehewehenga o te kōpae tuarua e whakamahia ana i ia huinga.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Te tango i nga wahanga taputapu poraka /dev/sdb mai i nga rarangi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2I muri i te tango i te kōpae mai i te raupapa, ka penei te ahua o nga korero taputapu poraka.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Te ahua o nga raupapa i muri i te tango i nga kōpae.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Kei te tārua i te ripanga wehewehe MBR mai i te kōpae /dev/sdс ki te kōpae /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Ka oti te whakahau, me puta nga wehewehenga ki runga i te kōpae /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Te taapiri i nga wehewehenga kōpae ki nga huānga.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Ka tirohia e maatau kua taapirihia nga waahanga.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]I muri i tenei, tatari tatou mo nga raupapa ki te tukutahi.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Te whakauru i te GRUB ki nga puku hou
Mo CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXMo Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
te wahi X — reta o te taputapu poraka. I tenei keehi, me whakauru koe i te GRUB ki runga /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Toronga pūnaha kōnae (ext4) o te arai pakiaka
I runga i nga kōpae hou /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB e waatea ana. Na te mea i kapehia te ripanga wehewehenga mai i nga kopae iti, ko nga wehewehenga /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB e waatea ana.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]He mea tika:
- Whakaroahia te wehenga 2 ki ia kōpae,
- Roha huānga md127,
- Whakaroha PV (te rōrahi tinana),
- Roha LV (arorau-rōrahi) vg0-pakiaka,
- Roha te pūnaha kōnae.
Te whakamahi i te whaipainga wehe kia whakawhānuihia te waahanga /dev/sdc2 ki te uara teitei. Whakahaerehia te whakahau parted /dev/sdc (1) ka tirohia te ripanga wehewehenga o naianei me te whakahau p (2).
Ka kite koe, ka mutu te mutunga o te wehewehenga 2 ki te 240 GB. Kia whakawhānuihia te wehewehenga me te whakahau resizepart 2, ko te 2 te nama o te wahanga (3). Ka tohuhia e matou te uara i roto i te whakatakotoranga mamati, hei tauira 1000 GB, ka whakamahi ranei i te tohu o te wahanga kōpae - 100%. Ka tirohia ano he rahi hou te wehewehenga (4).
Whakahokia nga taahiraa o runga mo te kōpae /dev/sdd. I muri i te whakawhānui i nga waahanga /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 ka rite ki te 930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]I muri i tenei ka whakawhānuihia e matou te huinga Md127 ki te mōrahi.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxKa tirohia e matou kua whakawhānuihia te huinga. Inaianei kua 930.4 GB tona rahi.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Te whakaroa i te toronga rōrahi tinana. I mua i te whakawhänui, me tirotirohia te ahua o te PV o naianei.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Ka kitea, ko PV /dev/md127 whakamahi 222.4 GB o te mokowā.
Ka whakawhānuihia e matou te PV me te whakahau e whai ake nei.
pvresize /dev/md127Te tirotiro i te hua o te roha PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Te whakawhānui rōrahi arorau. I mua i te whakawhänui, me tirotirohia te ahua o te LV (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root whakamahi 206.41 GB.
Ka whakawhānuihia e matou te LV me te whakahau e whai ake nei (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootKa tirohia te mahi kua oti (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
Ka taea e koe te kite, i muri i te whakawhānui ake i te LV, ko te nui o te mokowā kōpae kua noho ki te 914.39 GB.
Kua piki ake te rōrahi LV (4), engari kei te noho tonu te punaha konae ki te 204 GB (5).
1. Kia whakawhānuihia te punaha konae.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootKa oti te whakahau, ka tirohia te rahi o te punaha konae.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Ka piki ake te rahi o te punaha konae ki te 900 GB. I muri i te whakaoti i nga taahiraa, ka taea e koe te tango i nga kopae tawhito.
Take 2: Whakakapi i nga kōpae iti ake ki nga kōpae rahi ake (neke atu i te 2TB)
Kohikohiko: Whakakapia nga kopae o naianei ki nga kopae rahi ake (2 x 3TB) me te pupuri i nga korero. I tenei keehi, he 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) nga kōpae me te punaha kua whakauruhia me te 2 x 3 TB SATA kōpae me whakawhiti te punaha. Ka whakamahia e nga kōpae o naianei te ripanga wehewehe MBR. I te mea he nui ake te kaha o nga kōpae hou i te 2 TB, me whakamahi he ripanga GPT, i te mea kaore e taea e MBR te mahi me nga kōpae nui ake i te 2 TB.
Kia titiro tatou ki te whakatakotoranga kōpae o naianei.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Kia tirohia te ripanga wehewehe i whakamahia i runga i te kōpae /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
I runga i te kōpae /dev/sdb ka whakamahia he ripanga wehewehenga rite. Kia tirohia te mokowā kōpae kua whakamahia i runga i te punaha.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Ka taea e koe te kite, ko te pakiaka o te punaha konae ka 204 GB. Kia tirohia te ahua o naianei o te raupapa raupaparorohiko RAID.
1. Te whakauru i te ripanga wehewehe GPT me te wehewehe kōpae
Kia tirohia te whakatakotoranga kōpae ma te waahanga.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
I runga i te kōpae 3TB hou ka hiahia matou ki te hanga 3 wehewehenga:
- Wāhanga
bios_grub2MiB rahi mo te GPT BIOS hototahi, - Ko te wehewehenga mo te raupapa RAID ka whakauruhia ki roto
/boot. - Ko te wehewehenga mo te raupapa RAID kei reira LV pakiaka и Huri LV.
Te whakauru i te taputapu wehe kapa yum install -y parted (mo CentOS), apt install -y parted (mo Debian/Ubuntu).
Te whakamahi wehe Me whakahaere nga whakahau e whai ake nei hei wehewehe i te kōpae.
Whakahaerehia te whakahau parted /dev/sdc ka haere ki te aratau whakatika tahora kōpae.
Waihangahia he ripanga wehewehe GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Waihanga 1 waahanga bios_grub te wahanga me te whakanoho haki mo taua mea.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Waihangatia te wehewehenga 2 ka whakanohohia he haki mo taua mea. Ka whakamahia te wehewehenga hei poraka mo te raupapa RAID ka whakauruhia ki roto /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onKa waihangahia e matou he waahanga tuatoru, ka whakamahia ano he poraka hurangi ka tu ai a LVM.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% I roto i tenei take, kaore e tika ki te tautuhi i te haki, engari ki te tika, ka taea te whakarite me te whakahau e whai ake nei.
(parted) set 3 raid onKa tirohia e matou te ripanga i hangaia.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Ka tautapahia he GUID tupurangi hou ki te kōpae.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Te tango i nga wahanga o te kōpae tuatahi mai i nga rarangi
Te tirotiro i te ahua o te huinga
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Ka whakamahia e te punaha nga raupapa e 2: md126 (mount point /boot) - kei roto /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM mo swap me te putake o te punaha konae) - kei roto /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Ka tohuhia he kino nga wehewehenga o te kōpae tuatahi e whakamahia ana i ia huinga.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Te tango i nga wahanga taputapu poraka /dev/sda mai i nga rarangi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Te tirotiro i te ahua o te huinga i muri i te tango i te kōpae.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Te taapiri i nga waahanga o te kōpae hou ki te huinga
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te taapiri i nga waahanga o te kōpae hou ki nga raupapa mo te tukutahi. Kia titiro tatou ki te ahua o te whakatakotoranga kōpae o naianei.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Wāhanga /dev/sdc1 ko te reira bios_grub te waahanga me te kore e uru ki te hanga i nga raupapa. Ka whakamahia noa nga raupapa /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Ka taapirihia e matou enei waahanga ki nga rarangi e pa ana.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Na ka tatari tatou kia tukutahi te huinga.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Te wehewehe kopae i muri i te taapiri i nga waahanga ki te huinga.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Te tango i nga wahanga o te kōpae tuarua mai i nga raupapa
Ka tohuhia he kino nga wehewehenga o te kōpae tuarua e whakamahia ana i ia huinga.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Te tango i nga wahanga taputapu poraka /dev/sda mai i nga rarangi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Tāruatia te ripanga tahora GPT ka tukutahi i te huānga
Hei kape i te ripanga tohu GPT ka whakamahia e matou te whaipainga sgdisk, kei roto i te kete mo te mahi me nga wehewehenga kōpae me te tepu GPT - gdisk.
tāutanga gdisk mo CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
tāutanga gdisk mo Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskTuhinga: Mo te GPT tuatahi kua tohua te kōpae kei runga nei kape te tohu tohu, tuarua kopae tohu te kōpae mai nei kape te tohu tohu. Mena ka whakaranuhia e koe nga kopae, ka tuhiruatia te wehewehenga pai i te tuatahi ka ngaro.
Tāruatia te ripanga tohu GPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Te wehewehe kōpae i muri i te whakawhiti ripanga ki te kōpae /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part I muri mai, ka taapirihia e matou ia waahanga e uru ana ki nga raupapa RAID raupaparorohiko.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3Kei te tatari tatou kia tukutahi te huinga.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Whai muri i te kape i te wehenga GPT ki te kōpae hou tuarua, ka penei te ahua o te wehenga.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Muri iho, whakauruhia te GRUB ki nga kōpae hou.
Tāutatanga mō CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXTāutatanga mō Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
te wahi X — puku reta, i roto i to tatou puku take /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Ka whakahouhia e matou nga korero mo te raupapa.
Mo CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confMo Debian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Te whakahou i te ahua initrd:
Mo CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allMo Debian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allKa whakahouhia e matou te whirihoranga GRUB.
Mo CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Mo Debian/Ubuntu:
update-grubI muri i te whakaoti i nga taahiraa, ka taea te tango i nga kopae tawhito.
6. Toronga pūnaha kōnae (ext4) o te arai pakiaka
Wehewehenga kopae i mua i te roha o te punaha konae i muri i te hekenga o te punaha ki nga kōpae 2 x 3TB (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Inaianei nga waahanga /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 noho 2.7 TB. I te mea i hangaia e matou he tahora kōpae hou me te ripanga GPT, ko te rahi o te wehewehenga 3 i whakaritea tonu ki te mokowā mokowā mokowā mōrahi; i tenei take, kaore he take ki te whakawhānui i te wehewehenga.
He mea tika:
- Roha huānga md126,
- Whakaroha PV (te rōrahi tinana),
- Roha LV (arorau-rōrahi) vg0-pakiaka,
- Roha te pūnaha kōnae.
1. Roha te huinga md126 ki te mōrahi.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
I muri i te roha huinga md126 kua piki te rahi o te waahi noho ki te 2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Te whakawhānui rōrahi tinana.
I mua i te whakawhanui, tirohia te uara o naianei o te mokowā PV /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Ka whakawhānuihia e matou te PV me te whakahau e whai ake nei.
pvresize /dev/md126
Ka tirohia e matou te mahi kua oti.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tTe whakawhānui rōrahi arorau vg0-pakiaka.
I muri i te whakawhänui i te PV, me tirotirohia te waahi VG e nohoia ana.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tKia tirohia te waahi e nohoia ana e LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Ko te rōrahi vg0-pakiaka kei te 206.41 GB.
Ka whakawhānuihia te LV ki te mokowā kōpae mōrahi.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Te tirotiro i te waahi LV i muri i te roha.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gTe whakaroa i te punaha konae (ext4).
Kia tirohia te rahi o naianei o te punaha konae.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Ko te rōrahi /dev/mapper/vg0-root kei te 204 GB i muri i te roha LV.
Te whakawhānui i te punaha konae.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Te tirotiro i te rahi o te punaha konae i muri i te whakawhanui.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Kua whakanuia te rahi o te punaha konae kia kapi katoa te rōrahi.
Source: will.com