I muri i te tau o te whanaketanga tuku , he reo whakahiato-a-ahanoa hihiri e tino pai ana ki te whakawhanake i te kaupapa me te whakauru i nga ahuatanga pai o Perl, Java, Python, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada me Lisp. Ka tohatohahia te waehere kaupapa i raro i nga raihana BSD ("2-rara BSDL") me "Ruby", e tohu ana ki te putanga hou o te raihana GPL me te tino hototahi ki te GPLv3. Ko Ruby 2.7 te tuawhitu o te tukunga nui ka puta hei waahanga o te kaupapa whanaketanga kua whakamaheretia e uru ana ki te wehe i te tau mo te whakapai ake i nga ahuatanga me te tuku papaki 2-3 marama.
Main :
- whakamātau taurite tauira () ki te huri i runga i te ahanoa kua hoatu me te tautapa i tetahi uara mena he taurite tauira.
take [0, [1, 2, 3]] i [a, [b, *c]] pa # => 0
pb # => 1
pc # => [2, 3] mutungatake {a: 0, b: 1}
i roto i{a:0,x:1}
:kare e taea te toro atu
i roto i te {a: 0, b: var}
p var # => 1
mutunga - Ko te anga o nga tatauranga tauwhitiwhiti irb (REPL, Read-Eval-Print-Loop) inaianei ka taea te whakatika raina-maha, ka whakatinanahia ma te whakamahi i te whare pukapuka hototahi-raina panui. tuhia ki Ruby. Kua whakauruhia te tautoko mo te rdoc, e taea ai te maataki korero tohutoro mo nga karaehe kua tohua, nga waahanga me nga tikanga i roto i te irb. Ko te miramira tae o nga raina me te tohu e whakaatuhia ana ma te Binding#irb me nga hua o te tirotiro i nga taonga o te karaehe turanga.
- I taapirihia he kaikohi paru kiato (Compaction GC) ka taea te whakakore i tetahi rohe o te mahara, te whakaoti rapanga o te puhoi o te mahi me te piki ake o te kai mahara na te wehenga mahara ka puta i te wa e mahi ana etahi tono Ruby miro maha. Ki te kohikohi taonga ki runga i te puranga Tikanga GC.compact hei whakaiti i te maha o nga wharangi mahara i whakamahia me te arotau i te puranga mo nga mahi
CoW (tārua-tuhi-tuhi). - e whakareri ana ki te wehe i nga tautohetohe i runga i te tuunga rarangi (“def foo(a,b,c)”) me nga kupu matua (“def foo(key: val)”). Ko te hurihanga tohenga aunoa i runga i nga kupumatua me te tuunga kua whakakorehia, kaore e tautokohia i te peka Ruby 3.0. Inaa, kua whakakorea te whakamahi i te tohenga whakamutunga hei tawhā kupu matua, ka tukuna nga tohenga-a-matua hei tawhā hash whakamutunga, me te wehe i te tohenga whakamutunga ki nga tawhā tūnga me te kupu matua.
def foo(kī: 42); mutunga; foo({key: 42}) #whakatupato
def foo(**kw); mutunga; foo({key: 42}) #whakatupato
def foo(kī: 42); mutunga; foo(**{key: 42}) # ĀE
def foo(**kw); mutunga; foo(**{key: 42}) # ĀEdef foo(h, **kw); mutunga; foo(key: 42) #whakatupato
def foo(h, kī: 42); mutunga; foo(key: 42) # whakatupato
def foo(h, **kw); mutunga; foo({key: 42}) # ĀE
def foo(h, kī: 42); mutunga; foo({key: 42}) # ĀEdef foo(h={}, kī: 42); mutunga; foo("key" => 43, kī: 42) #warned
def foo(h={}, kī: 42); mutunga; foo({"key" => 43, kī: 42}) # whakatupato
def foo(h={}, kī: 42); mutunga; foo({"key" => 43}, kī: 42) # OKdef foo(kōwhiri={}); mutunga; foo( kī: 42 ) # ĀE
def foo(h, **nil); mutunga; foo(kī: 1) # Hapa Tohenga
def foo(h, **nil); mutunga; foo(**{key: 1}) # Hapa Tohenga
def foo(h, **nil); mutunga; foo("str" => 1) # Hapa Tohenga
def foo(h, **nil); mutunga; foo({key: 1}) # OK
def foo(h, **nil); mutunga; foo({"str" => 1}) # OKh = {}; def foo(*a) mutunga; foo(**h) # [] h = {}; def foo(a) mutunga; foo(**h) # {} me te whakatupato
h = {}; def foo(*a) mutunga; foo(h) # [{}] h = {}; def foo(a) mutunga; foo(h) # {} - te whakamahi i nga ingoa taurangi taunoa tau mo nga tawhā poraka.
[1, 2, 3].ia { ka hoatu @1 } # rite [1, 2, 3].ia { |i| hoatu i }
- Tautoko whakamatautau mo nga awhe kaore he uara tuatahi.
ary[..3] # rite tonu ki te ary[0..3] rel.where(hoko: ..100)
- Kua taapirihia te tikanga Enumerable#tally, e tatau ana e hia nga wa ka puta ia huānga.
["a", "b", "c", "b"].tally
# => {"a" =>1, "b" =>2, "c" =>1} - Whakaaetia ki te karanga i tetahi tikanga motuhake me te kupu "whaiaro"
deffoo
mutunga
tūmataiti :foo
whaiaro.foo - Kaitautoko kua tapirihia::Ko te tikanga mangere#hiahia ki te whakaputa i nga tatauranga mai i te rarangi mangere (Enumerator::Lazy).
a = %w(foo bar baz)
e = a.mangere.mapi {|x| x.upcase }.map {|x| x + "!" }. hiahia
p e.class # => Kaitautoko
e.mapi {|x| x + "?" } # => [“FOO!?”, “BAR!?”, “BAZ!?”] - Kei te haere tonu te whakawhanaketanga o te whakahiato JIT whakamatautau, ka tino pai ake te mahi o nga tono i roto i te reo Ruby. Ko te Kaihanga JIT i whakaarohia i Ruby ka tuhi tuatahi i te waehere C ki te kopae, katahi ka karangahia he kaikoipi C o waho ki te whakaputa tohutohu miihini (GCC, Clang me Microsoft VC ++ e tautokohia ana). Ko te putanga hou e whakatinana ana i tetahi tikanga mo te tuku-a-roto mena e tika ana, ma te whiriwhiri i nga tikanga arotautanga i te wa e whakahiato ana, ka piki te uara taunoa o "--jit-min-calls" mai i te 5 ki te 10000, me te "--jit-max-cache" mai i te 1000 ki te 100 .
- He pai ake te mahi a CGI.escapeHTML, Aroturuki me MonitorMixin.
- Kōwae#ingoa, true.to_s, false.to_s, and nil.to_s ka whakarite kia whakahokia mai he aho karekau i huri mo te ahanoa kua tohua.
- Kua whakaitihia te rahi o nga konae rua i hangaia e te RubyVM::InstructionSequence#to_binary;
- Ko nga putanga kua whakahouhia o nga waahanga whakauru, tae atu ki
Paihere 2.1.2, RubyGems 3.1.2,
Racc 1.4.15,
CSV 3.1.2, REXML 3.2.3,
RSS 0.2.8,
Matawai Aho 1.0.3; - Kua nukuhia nga whare pukapuka mai i te kete turanga ki nga kohinga kohatu o waho
CMath (kohatu cmath),
Scanf (kohatu scanf),
Anga (he anga kohatu),
Tukutahi (kohatu tukutahi),
ThreadsWait (te kohatu thwait),
E2MM (kohatu e2mmap). - Ko nga waahanga stdlib taunoa ka whakaputaina i runga rubygems.org:
tohu tohu,
cgi,
kaikawe,
kia roa,
pop kupenga,
smtp kupenga,
tuwhera3,
toa,
takakau. Aroturuki nga waahanga kaore i nekehia ki rubygems.org
kaitirotiro,
wā mutunga,
kaiwhaiwhai,
uri,
yaml, ka tukuna me te rupi-matua anake. - Ko te hanga Ruby inaianei e hiahia ana ki te whakahiato C hei tautoko i te paerewa C99.
Source: opennet.ru