Ahakoa i roto i te pūtaiao pakiwaitara, kāore e taea e te whai huatanga o te pūtake pūngao te neke ake i te 100%—koinā te āhua ahupūngao o tō tātou ao. Kei reira tonu ngā mate. Ko te whāinga a ngā kaipūtaiao he whakaiti i ngā mate, ka uaua haere ina tata atu rātou ki te rohe ariā. Mō te pūtau hiko pūngao p-n tawhito, ko te rohe he 33% te whai huatanga. Engari he uaua ake te āhua ahupūngao o te rā. Ā, ko ngā kaipūtaiao nō Hapani i kitea he whai wāhitanga haere ki tua atu i tēnei ariā.
I whakawhanakehia te whakaaro e ngā kairangahau o Te Whare Wānanga o Kyushu me te mahi tahi me Te Whare Wānanga o Johannes Gutenberg i Tiamana. I roto i tētahi pūtau rā tawhito, ka hangaia e te photon kotahi te exciton (he irahiko me te kōhao) i roto i te semiconductor. Ko te photon he kotahi te kuantum o te mārama (te waeine iti rawa o te pūngao o te irahiko hikohiko o tētahi roangaru kua hoatu). Kāore e taea te hanga i te neke atu i te kotahi te irahiko. Ka mimitihia tēnei pūngao e te irahiko, ā, ka waiho ki te āhua whakahihiri, ka tukuna kia haere i roto i te rauemi hei iahiko hiko.
Ka tauhohe noa ngā irahiko ki te mārama (ngā photon) o tētahi roangaru motuhake. Kāore e mimiti i te nui o te pūngao i ngā awhe o raro me o runga o te irahiko. Kāore noa iho ēnei rauemi i te taiao, kāore anō rānei kia mōhio ngā kaipūtaiao ki te hanga i aua mea. I taua wā anō, ka pā ēnei photon "whakaata" ki tētahi panera rā engari kāore e hanga he rere irahiko i roto; ka marara noa atu hei wera. Koinei te rahui i taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te whakamahi hei whakaputa hiko. Ina koa, i taea e rātou te whakamahi pai i ngā photon pūngao-tiketike mai i te wāhanga kikorangi o te whānuitanga.
E rua ngā tukanga matua o te hangarau nei. Ka wehea ngā photon pūngao-nui (kikorangi) i roto i te rauemi: ka wehea tētahi exciton kia rua, he iti ake te pūngao, ā, ka hopukina ia o ēnei exciton e te "matatini molybdenum" kua whakauruhia ki roto i te pūtau rā me te hono atu ki tētahi rauemi motuhake. Nō reira, hei utu mō te irahiko kotahi, ka whakaoho te photon "kikorangi" i ngā irahiko e rua i roto i te rauemi hei whakaputa i te iahiko. Ka pehia hoki e te whakakotahitanga o ngā rauemi te mea e kiia nei Te whakawhiti pūngao a Förster, e aukati ana i te whakaoho o tētahi maha o ngā irahiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ā, ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga.
I whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau he hua whakamiharo, arā, he hua matūriki tata ki te 130% (1,3 ngā excitons mō ia photon). E whakatau ana ngā kairangahau ka taea e tēnei hangarau te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga ariā o ngā pūtau hiko hiko kotahi-hononga ki te 35–45%, he nui ake tēnei. Te rohe o Shockley–Queisser (33%) mō ngā panera silicon tuku iho me te mahi tuturu mō ngā waeine arumoni (20–25%). He tohu tonu tēnei whakatutukitanga, ā, i whakatinanahia i roto i tētahi otinga ngota, engari ka whakatakoto i te turanga mō tētahi whanaketanga nui i roto i te whakaputanga pūngao o te rā.
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Source: 3dnews.ru
