ProHoster > blog > Amministrazzjoni > Is-settings tan-netwerk minn FreeRadius permezz tad-DHCP

Is-settings tan-netwerk minn FreeRadius permezz tad-DHCP

Is-settings tan-netwerk minn FreeRadius permezz tad-DHCP
Il-kompitu wasal biex jirranġa l-ħruġ ta 'indirizzi IP lill-abbonati. Kundizzjonijiet tal-problema:

  • Aħna mhux se nagħtuk server separat għall-awtorizzazzjoni - int tagħmel tajjeb 😉
  • L-abbonati jridu jirċievu s-settings tan-netwerk permezz tad-DHCP
  • In-netwerk huwa eteroġenju. Dan jinkludi tagħmir PON u swiċċijiet regolari b'Għażla 82 konfigurata u bażijiet WiFi b'hotspots
  • Jekk id-dejta ma taqax taħt l-ebda kundizzjoni għall-ħruġ ta' IP, trid toħroġ IP min-netwerk "mistieden"

Fuq in-naħa tajba: għad hemm server fuq FreeBSD li jista '"jaħdem", iżda huwa "bogħod" ;), mhux "dritt fuq dan in-netwerk".

Hemm ukoll apparat mill-isbaħ imsejjaħ Mikrotik. Id-dijagramma tan-netwerk ġenerali hija xi ħaġa bħal din:

Is-settings tan-netwerk minn FreeRadius permezz tad-DHCP

Wara xi ħsieb, ġie deċiż li tuża FreeRadius biex toħroġ settings tan-netwerk lill-abbonati. Fil-prinċipju, l-iskema hija tas-soltu: nippermettu s-server DHCP fuq Microtick, u Radius Client fuqu. Aħna kkonfigurat is-server DHCP -> Radius Client -> Radius server konnessjoni.

Ma jidhirx diffiċli. Imma! Ix-xitan jinsab fid-dettalji. Jiġifieri:

  • Meta tawtorizza PON OLT billi tuża din l-iskema, tintbagħat talba lil FreeRadius b'Isem tal-Utent ugwali għall-indirizz MAC tal-headend, Aġent-Circuit-Id ugwali għall-MAC PON Onu u password vojta.
  • Meta tawtorizza minn swiċċijiet bl-għażla 82, FreeRadius jirċievi talba b'Isem tal-Utent vojt ugwali għall-MAC tal-apparat tal-abbonat u mimli b'attributi addizzjonali Agent-Circuit-Id u Agent-Remote-Id li fihom, rispettivament, għal darb'oħra l-MAC ta' is-swiċċ tar-relay u l-port li miegħu huwa konness l-abbonat.
  • Xi abbonati b'punti WiFI huma awtorizzati permezz ta' protokolli PAP-CHAP
  • Xi abbonati minn punti WIFI huma awtorizzati b'Isem tal-Utent ugwali għall-indirizz MAC tal-punt WIFI, mingħajr password.

Sfond storiku: x'inhu "Option 82" fid-DHCP

Dawn huma għażliet addizzjonali għall-protokoll DHCP li jippermettulek tittrasferixxi informazzjoni addizzjonali, pereżempju fl-oqsma Agent-Circuit-Id u Agent-Remote-Id. Tipikament użat biex jittrasmetti l-indirizz MAC tas-swiċċ tar-relay u l-port li miegħu huwa konness l-abbonat. Fil-każ ta 'tagħmir PON jew stazzjonijiet bażi WIFI, il-qasam Agent-Circuit-Id ma fihx informazzjoni utli (m'hemm l-ebda port tal-abbonat). L-iskema ġenerali tal-operat tad-DHCP f'dan il-każ hija kif ġej:

Is-settings tan-netwerk minn FreeRadius permezz tad-DHCP

Pass pass din l-iskema taħdem hekk:

  1. It-tagħmir tal-utent jagħmel talba ta' xandir DHCP biex jikseb is-settings tan-netwerk
  2. L-apparat (per eżempju, swiċċ, WiFi jew stazzjon bażi PON) li miegħu t-tagħmir tal-abbonat huwa konness direttament "jinterċetta" dan il-pakkett u jibdel, u jintroduċi għażliet addizzjonali Għażla 82 u l-indirizz IP tal-aġent Relay fih, u jittrażmettih aktar fuq in-netwerk.
  3. Is-server DHCP jaċċetta t-talba, jiġġenera tweġiba u jibgħatha lill-apparat relay
  4. Il-mezz relay jgħaddi l-pakkett ta 'rispons lill-apparat abbonat

Naturalment, dan kollu ma jaħdimx daqshekk faċilment; trid tikkonfigura t-tagħmir tan-netwerk tiegħek kif xieraq.

Installazzjoni ta' FreeRadius

Naturalment, dan jista 'jinkiseb bis-settings tal-konfigurazzjoni FreeRadius, iżda huwa diffiċli u mhux ċar... speċjalment meta tmur hemm wara N xhur u "kollox jaħdem." Għalhekk, iddeċidejna li niktbu l-modulu ta 'awtorizzazzjoni tagħna stess għal FreeRadius f'Python. Aħna se nieħdu data ta 'awtorizzazzjoni mid-database MySQL. M'hemm l-ebda skop li tiddeskrivi l-istruttura tagħha; xorta waħda, kulħadd se jagħmilha "għalih innifsu." B'mod partikolari, ħadt l-istruttura li hija offruta mal-modulu sql għal FreeRadius, u biddiltha kemmxejn billi żidt qasam mac u port għal kull abbonat, minbarra l-login-password.

Allura, l-ewwel, installa FreeRadius:

cd /usr/ports/net/freeradius3
make config
make
install clean

Fis-settings, agħżel biex tinstalla:

Is-settings tan-netwerk minn FreeRadius permezz tad-DHCP

Nagħmlu symlink għall-modulu python (jiġifieri "ixgħelha"):

ln -s /usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-available/python /usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-enabled

Ejja ninstallaw modulu addizzjonali għal python:

pip install mysql-connector

Fis-settings tal-modulu python għal FreeRadius, għandek bżonn tispeċifika l-mogħdijiet tat-tfittxija tal-modulu fil-varjabbli python_path. Per eżempju għandi dan:

python_path="/usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-config/python:/usr/local/lib/python2.7:/usr/local/lib/python27.zip:/usr/local/lib/python2.7:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-freebsd12:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages"

Tista' ssib il-mogħdijiet billi tniedi l-interpretu python u ddaħħal il-kmandi:

root@phaeton:/usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-enabled# python
Python 2.7.15 (default, Dec  8 2018, 01:22:25) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible FreeBSD Clang 6.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_601/final 335540)] on freebsd12
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/local/lib/python27.zip', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-freebsd12', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages']
>

Jekk ma tieħux dan il-pass, allura skripts miktuba f'python u mnedija minn FreeRadius ma jsibux il-moduli li huma elenkati fl-importazzjoni. Barra minn hekk, trid tneħħi l-kumment tal-funzjonijiet għall-awtorizzazzjoni tas-sejħa u l-kontabilità fis-settings tal-modulu. Pereżempju, dan il-modulu jidher bħal dan:

python {
    python_path="/usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-config/python:/usr/local/lib/python2.7:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages:/usr/local/lib/python27.zip:/usr/local/lib/python2.7:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-freebsd12:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages"
    module = work
    mod_instantiate = ${.module}
    mod_detach = ${.module}

    mod_authorize = ${.module}
    func_authorize = authorize

    mod_authenticate = ${.module}
    func_authenticate = authenticate

    mod_preacct = ${.module}
    func_preacct = preacct

    mod_accounting = ${.module}
    func_accounting = accounting

    mod_checksimul = ${.module}
    mod_pre_proxy = ${.module}
    mod_post_proxy = ${.module}
    mod_post_auth = ${.module}
    mod_recv_coa = ${.module}
    mod_send_coa = ${.module}

}

L-iskript work.py (u l-oħrajn kollha) għandu jitqiegħed f'/usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-config/python Għandi tliet skripts b'kollox.

work.py:

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# coding=utf-8
import radiusd
import func
import sys
from pprint import pprint
mysql_host="localhost"
mysql_username="укацук"
mysql_password="ыукаыукаыук"
mysql_base="ыукаыкуаыу"
def instantiate(p):
print ("*** instantiate ***")
print (p)
# return 0 for success or -1 for failure
def authenticate(p):
print ("*** Аутенфикация!!***")
print (p)
def authorize(p):
radiusd.radlog(radiusd.L_INFO, '*** radlog call in authorize ***')    
conn=func.GetConnectionMysql(mysql_host, mysql_username, mysql_password, mysql_base);
param=func.ConvertArrayToNames(p);
pprint(param)
print ("*** Авторизация ***")
reply = ()
conf = ()
cnt=0
username="";mac="";
# сначала проверяем "как положено", по связке логин/пароль
if ("User-Name" in param) and ("User-Password" in param) :
print ("Вариант авторизации (1): есть логин-пароль")
pprint(param["User-Name"])
pprint(param["User-Password"])
pprint(conn)
print(sys.version_info)
print (radiusd.config)
sql="select radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where radcheck.username=%s and radcheck.value=%s"
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql,[param["User-Name"], param["User-Password"]]);
row = cursor.fetchone()	
while row is not None:    
cnt=cnt+1
username=row["username"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()	          
# вариант, что User-Name - это МАС адрес БС,пароля и порта нет                
if ("User-Name" in param)  and ("User-Password" in param) and (cnt==0):
if param["User-Password"] =='':
if ":" in param["User-Name"]:
pprint(param["User-Name"])            
print ("Вариант авторизации (2): User-Name - это MAC адрес базовой станции, порта и пароля нет")
sql="select radreply.username,radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where REPLACE(radcheck.mac,':','') = REPLACE(REPLACE('"+str(param["User-Name"])+"','0x',''),':','') and radcheck.sw_port=''"
print (sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()	
while row is not None:                  
cnt=cnt+1
username=row["username"]
mac=param["User-Name"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()	          
if ("Agent-Remote-Id" in param)  and ("User-Password" in param) and (cnt==0):
if param["User-Password"] =='':
pprint(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])            
print ("Вариант авторизации (2.5): Agent-Remote-Id - это MAC адрес PON оборудования")
sql="select radreply.username,radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where REPLACE(radcheck.mac,':','') = REPLACE(REPLACE('"+str(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])+"','0x',''),':','') and radcheck.sw_port=''"
print (sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()	
while row is not None:                  
cnt=cnt+1
username=row["username"]
mac=param["User-Name"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()	          
#Вариант, что Agent-Remote-Id - это МАС адрес БС,пароля и порта нет и предыдущие варианты поиска IP результата не дали                
if ("Agent-Remote-Id" in param)  and ("User-Password" not in param) and (cnt==0):
pprint(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])            
print ("Вариант авторизации (3): Agent-Remote-Id - МАС базовой станции/пон. Порта в биллинге нет")
sql="select radreply.username,radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where REPLACE(radcheck.mac,':','') = REPLACE(REPLACE('"+str(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])+"','0x',''),':','') and radcheck.sw_port=''"
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()	
while row is not None:    
cnt=cnt+1
mac=param["Agent-Remote-Id"]
username=row["username"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()	          
#Вариант, что предыдущие попытки результата не дали, но есть Agent-Remote-Id и Agent-Circuit-Id
if ("Agent-Remote-Id" in param)  and ("Agent-Circuit-Id" in param) and (cnt==0):
pprint(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])            
pprint(param["Agent-Circuit-Id"])            
print ("Вариант авторизации (4): авторизация по Agent-Remote-Id и Agent-Circuit-Id, в биллинге есть порт/мак")
sql="select radreply.username,radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where upper(radcheck.sw_mac)=upper(REPLACE('"+str(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])+"','0x','')) and upper(radcheck.sw_port)=upper(RIGHT('"+str(param["Agent-Circuit-Id"])+"',2)) and radcheck.sw_port<>''"
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()	
while row is not None:    
cnt=cnt+1
mac=param["Agent-Remote-Id"]
username=row["username"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()	          
# если так до сих пор IP не получен, то выдаю иего из гостевой сети..
if cnt==0:      
print ("Ни один из вариантов авторизации не сработал, получаю IP из гостевой сети..")
ip=func.GetGuestNet(conn)      
if ip!="": 
cnt=cnt+1;
reply = reply+(("Framed-IP-Address",str(ip)), )
# если совсем всё плохо, то Reject
if cnt==0:
conf = ( ("Auth-Type", "Reject"), ) 
else:
#если авторизация успешная (есть такой абонент), то запишем историю авторизации
if username!="":
func.InsertToHistory(conn,username,mac, reply);
conf = ( ("Auth-Type", "Accept"), )             
pprint (reply)
conn=None;
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK, reply, conf
def preacct(p):
print ("*** preacct ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def accounting(p):
print ("*** Аккаунтинг ***")
radiusd.radlog(radiusd.L_INFO, '*** radlog call in accounting (0) ***')  
print (p)
conn=func.GetConnectionMysql(mysql_host, mysql_username, mysql_password, mysql_base);
param=func.ConvertArrayToNames(p);
pprint(param)  
print("Удалим старые сессии (более 20 минут нет аккаунтинга)");
sql="delete from radacct where TIMESTAMPDIFF(minute,acctupdatetime,now())>20"
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
conn.commit()
print("Обновим/добавим информацию о сессии")
if (("Acct-Unique-Session-Id" in param) and ("User-Name" in param) and ("Framed-IP-Address" in param)):
sql='insert into radacct (radacctid,acctuniqueid,username,framedipaddress,acctstarttime) values (null,"'+str(param['Acct-Unique-Session-Id'])+'","'+str(param['User-Name'])+'","'+str(param['Framed-IP-Address'])+'",now()) ON DUPLICATE KEY update acctupdatetime=now()'
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql)
conn.commit()
conn=None;
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def pre_proxy(p):
print ("*** pre_proxy ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def post_proxy(p):
print ("*** post_proxy ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def post_auth(p):
print ("*** post_auth ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def recv_coa(p):
print ("*** recv_coa ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def send_coa(p):
print ("*** send_coa ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def detach():
print ("*** На этом всё детишечки ***")
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK

func.py:

#!/usr/bin/python2.7
# coding=utf-8
import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import Error
# Функция возвращает соединение с MySQL
def GetConnectionMysql(mysql_host, mysql_username, mysql_password, mysql_base):    
try:
conn = mysql.connector.connect(host=mysql_host,database=mysql_base,user=mysql_username,password=mysql_password)
if conn.is_connected(): print('---cоединение с БД '+mysql_base+' установлено')
except Error as e:
print("Ошибка: ",e);
exit(1);       
return conn
def ConvertArrayToNames(p):
mass={};
for z in p:
mass[z[0]]=z[1]
return mass
# Функция записывает историю соединения по известным данным
def InsertToHistory(conn,username,mac, reply):
print("--записываю для истории")
repl=ConvertArrayToNames(reply)
if "Framed-IP-Address" in repl:
sql='insert into radpostauth (username,reply,authdate,ip,mac,session_id,comment) values ("'+username+'","Access-Accept",now(),"'+str(repl["Framed-IP-Address"])+'","'+str(mac)+'","","")'
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)          
cursor.execute(sql);
conn.commit()
# Функция выдает последний по дате выдачи IP адрес из гостевой сети        
def GetGuestNet(conn):
ip="";id=0
sql="select * from guestnet order by dt limit 1"
print (sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)          
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()	
while row is not None:    
ip=row["ip"]
id=row["id"]
row = cursor.fetchone()	          
if id>0:
sql="update guestnet set dt=now() where id="+str(id)
print (sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)          
cursor.execute(sql);
conn.commit()
return ip

radiusd.py:

#!/usr/bin/python2.7
# coding=utf-8
# from modules.h
RLM_MODULE_REJECT = 0
RLM_MODULE_FAIL = 1
RLM_MODULE_OK = 2
RLM_MODULE_HANDLED = 3
RLM_MODULE_INVALID = 4
RLM_MODULE_USERLOCK = 5
RLM_MODULE_NOTFOUND = 6
RLM_MODULE_NOOP = 7
RLM_MODULE_UPDATED = 8
RLM_MODULE_NUMCODES = 9
# from log.h
L_AUTH = 2
L_INFO = 3
L_ERR = 4
L_WARN = 5
L_PROXY = 6
L_ACCT = 7
L_DBG = 16
L_DBG_WARN = 17
L_DBG_ERR = 18
L_DBG_WARN_REQ = 19
L_DBG_ERR_REQ = 20
# log function
def radlog(level, msg):
import sys
sys.stdout.write(msg + 'n')
level = level

Kif tistgħu taraw mill-kodiċi, qed nippruvaw nidentifikaw l-abbonat bl-użu tal-metodi kollha disponibbli bl-indirizzi MAC tal-abbonat magħruf tiegħu jew il-kombinazzjoni tal-Għażla 82, u jekk dan ma jaħdimx, allura noħorġu l-eqdem indirizz IP li qatt intuża mill-"mistieden ” netwerk. Dak kollu li jibqa 'huwa li jiġi kkonfigurat l-iskrittura default fil-folder attivat mis-siti, sabiex il-funzjonijiet meħtieġa mill-iskrittura python se twitch fil-mumenti magħżula. Fil-fatt, huwa biżżejjed li tressaq il-fajl fil-forma:

inadempjenza

server default {
listen {
type = auth
ipaddr = *
port = 0
limit {
max_connections = 16
lifetime = 0
idle_timeout = 30
}
}
listen {
ipaddr = *
port = 0
type = acct
limit {
}
}
listen {
type = auth
port = 0
limit {
max_connections = 1600
lifetime = 0
idle_timeout = 30
}
}
listen {
ipv6addr = ::
port = 0
type = acct
limit {
}
}
authorize {
python
filter_username
preprocess
expiration
logintime
}
authenticate {
Auth-Type PAP {
pap
python
}
Auth-Type CHAP {
chap
python
}
Auth-Type MS-CHAP {
mschap
python
}
eap
}
preacct {
preprocess
acct_unique
suffix
files
}
accounting {
python
exec
attr_filter.accounting_response
}
session {
}
post-auth {
update {
&reply: += &session-state:
}
exec
remove_reply_message_if_eap
Post-Auth-Type REJECT {
attr_filter.access_reject
eap
remove_reply_message_if_eap
}
Post-Auth-Type Challenge {
}
}
pre-proxy {
}
post-proxy {
eap
}
}

Ejja nippruvaw inħaddmu u naraw x'jidħol fil-log tad-debug:

/usr/local/etc/rc.d/radiusd debug

X'iktar. Meta twaqqaf FreeRadius, huwa konvenjenti li tittestja l-operat tagħha billi tuża l-utilità radclient. Per eżempju awtorizzazzjoni:

echo "User-Name=4C:5E:0C:2E:7F:15,Agent-Remote-Id=0x9845623a8c98,Agent-Circuit-Id=0x00010006" | radclient -x  127.0.0.1:1812 auth testing123

Jew kont:

echo "User-Name=4C:5E:0C:2E:7F:15,Agent-Remote-Id=0x00030f26054a,Agent-Circuit-Id=0x00010002" | radclient -x  127.0.0.1:1813 acct testing123

Irrid inwissik li huwa assolutament impossibbli li tuża skema u skripts bħal dawn "mingħajr bidliet" fuq skala "industrijali". Mill-inqas notevoli:

  • huwa possibbli li "falz" l-indirizz MAC. Huwa biżżejjed li l-abbonat jirreġistra l-MAC ta 'xi ħadd ieħor u jkun hemm problemi
  • il-loġika tal-ħruġ ta 'netwerks mistiedna hija lil hinn mill-kritika. Lanqas ma hemm verifika "forsi diġà hemm klijenti bl-istess indirizz IP?"

Din hija biss "soluzzjoni ta 'cookie-cutter" iddisinjata biex taħdem speċifikament fil-kundizzjonijiet tiegħi, xejn aktar. Tiġġudikax strettament 😉

Sors: www.habr.com

Żid kumment