{"id":36589,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-napisat-muzyku-ispolzuya-oop\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:30","slug":"kak-napisat-muzyku-ispolzuya-oop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/nl\/blog\/news\/kak-napisat-muzyku-ispolzuya-oop","title":{"rendered":"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We discuss the history of the OpenMusic (OM) software tool, analyze its features, and talk about the first users. Additionally, we provide some analogs.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/audiomania\/blog\/461403\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/03527608aa7542c035cfe9897deaa5d0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>Foto <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/J6WmcJrvlLI\"> James Baldwin<\/a><\/noindex> \/ Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>What is OpenMusic<\/h2>\n<p>\nIt is an object-oriented <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\">visual programming environment<\/a><\/noindex> for digital sound synthesis. The utility is based on a dialect of the LISP language \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_Lisp\">Common Lisp<\/a><\/noindex>. It is worth noting that OpenMusic can be used as a universal graphical interface for this programming language.<\/p>\n<p>The tool was developed in the 90s by engineers from the French Institute for Research and Coordination in Acoustics and Music (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRCAM\">IRCAM<\/a><\/noindex>). A total of seven versions of OpenMusic were presented \u2014 the last one was released in 2013. At that time, an engineer from IRCAM, Jean Bresson (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/j-bresson\">Jean Bresson<\/a><\/noindex>), rewrote the utility from scratch, taking as <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/openmusic-project\/OM6\/\">the basis the original code<\/a><\/noindex> of the sixth version (OM6). Today, OM7 is distributed under a license \u2014 its source code can be <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_General_Public_License#GPL_v3\">GPLv3<\/a><\/noindex> found on GitHub <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/openmusic-project\/om7\">How to work with it<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h2>Programs in OpenMusic are created by manipulating graphical objects instead of writing code. The result is something similar to a flowchart, referred to as a 'patch'. Similar to modular synthesizers, where patch cables were used for connections.<\/h2>\n<p>\nan example of a program<\/p>\n<p>Hier is <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/openmusic-project.github.io\/om7\/\">OpenMusic, taken from the repository on GitHub:<\/a><\/noindex> OpenMusic has two types of objects: basic and score (Score Object). The former consist of various mathematical operations for working with matrices, columns, and text forms.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6785fe87af24c7509172239adc6b2d09.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nScore objects are necessary for sound work. They can also be divided into two groups:<\/p>\n<p>Harmonic \u2014 notes, chords, and<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>harmonic sequences <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C\">Rhythmic \u2014 voices and bars.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li>Score objects are controlled using score functions, for example, combining several components into one to create polyphonic sound. Additional functions can be found in plug-in libraries \u2014 a complete list<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nis available on the official website <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/openmusic-project.github.io\/om7\/\">An example of a melody generated by OpenMusic can be listened to<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>in this video <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YA0azFm29ts\">To get acquainted with the tool and its capabilities, we recommend referring to the documentation.<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"YA0azFm29ts\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/YA0azFm29ts\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Video afspelen\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\nThe manual for OM7 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/openmusic-project.github.io\/om7\/\">is currently under development. However, you can view the manual for OM6 \u2014 just<\/a><\/noindex> follow the link <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/support.ircam.fr\/docs\/om\/om6-manual\/co\/OM-Documentation.html\">and expand the User Manual section on the left.<\/a><\/noindex> Who uses<\/p>\n<h2>Wie gebruikt<\/h2>\n<p>\nVolgens de ontwikkelaars kan OpenMusic worden gebruikt voor het cre\u00ebren en bewerken van audiobestanden, het genereren van wiskundige modellen van composities en de analyse van opgenomen muzikale fragmenten. Ingenieurs van ITCAM hebben de tool in verschillende wetenschappelijke onderzoeken toegepast. Bijvoorbeeld voor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-01839050\/document\">cre\u00ebren<\/a><\/noindex> een kunstmatige intelligentiesysteem dat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Musical_gesture\">muzikale gebaren<\/a><\/noindex> herkent op audiobestanden.<\/p>\n<p>Professionele uitvoerders werken ook met OpenMusic; zij gebruiken de tool om harmonische spectrums te bestuderen. Een voorbeeld is de Zwitserse componist <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C\">Mika\u00ebl Jarrell<\/a><\/noindex>, die de Beethovenprijs heeft gewonnen. Zijn werken, uitgevoerd door het Hong Kong Symphony Orchestra, zijn <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2by3aXXd6Pg\">hier te beluisteren.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ook is het vermeldenswaard <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9,_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD\">Tristan Murail<\/a><\/noindex>. Hij is een van de grootste componisten die werken in de richting van <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0\">spectrale muziek.<\/a><\/noindex>Bijvoorbeeld, op YouTube zijn zijn werken <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=q6WXzOIsBuQ\">Gondwana<\/a><\/noindex> en <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Oo_RyHTnERU\">Le partage des eaux<\/a><\/noindex>, gemaakt met behulp van OpenMusic.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"Oo_RyHTnERU\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/Oo_RyHTnERU\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Video afspelen\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\nDe Engelse componist en pedagoog <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A4%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%83,_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD\">Brian Ferneyhough<\/a><\/noindex> heeft OpenMusic gebruikt voor het werken met ritme. Tegenwoordig maakt zijn muziek deel uit van het repertoire van de grootste moderne ensembles en uitvoerders - <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8\">String Quartet Arditti<\/a><\/noindex> en <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE,_%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2\">Pierre-Yves Artaud<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h2>Er zijn verschillende systemen die vergelijkbaar zijn met OpenMusic. Wellicht is het meest bekende commerci\u00eble instrument<\/h2>\n<p>\nMax\/MSP. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max\/MSP\">Het werd ontwikkeld door Miller Puckette eind jaren '80, toen hij bij IRCAM werkte. Het systeem maakt het mogelijk om digitale geluiden en beelden in real-time te synthetiseren.<\/a><\/noindex>In de video hieronder wordt een installatie getoond op een van de gebouwen in de Italiaanse stad Cagliari. De kleuren van de schermen veranderen afhankelijk van het geluid van passerende auto's. De installatie wordt bestuurd met een combinatie van Max\/MSP en Arduino.<\/p>\n<p>Het is ook vermeldenswaard dat Max\/MSP een open-source alternatief heeft. Dit heet<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tlight\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/14085912\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><br \/>\nPure Data <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pure_Data\">, dat ook is ontwikkeld door Miller Puckette.<\/a><\/noindex>Verder moet de visuele systeem<\/p>\n<p>ChucK <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/chuck.cs.princeton.edu\/\">, dat in 2003 werd bedacht door Perry Cook met collega's van Princeton University, worden genoemd. Het ondersteunt de parallelle uitvoering van meerdere processen, plus de software kan tijdens de uitvoering worden gewijzigd. Het is beschikbaar onder de GNU GPL-licentie.<\/a><\/noindex>Dit is niet de enige tool voor het synthetiseren van digitale muziek. Er is ook<\/p>\n<p>Kyma <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyma_(sound_design_language)\">Overtone<\/a><\/noindex> en <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/overtone.github.io\/\">, waarmee mixen live op het podium kunnen worden geprogrammeerd. Hierover zullen we de volgende keer meer vertellen.<\/a><\/noindex>, waarmee je mixen rechtstreeks op het podium kunt programmeren. Daarover zullen we de volgende keer meer vertellen.<\/p>\n<p>\nAanvullende lectuur \u2014 uit onze 'Hi-Fi Wereld' en Telegram-kanaal:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/8913ea49c2bffe44416da575d424b9d7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/audiomania\/blog\/461299\/\">Hoe de pc de media-industrie veroverde met succesvolle software<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/cbc3b067a966ee35edcae6676ffa0a24.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.audiomania.ru\/content\/art-6670.html\">Waar je audio-samples voor je projecten kunt vinden: een selectie van negen bronnen<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/80d4d2bc14016e8226ce9f7122bdfd0e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.audiomania.ru\/content\/art-6638.html\">Muziek voor jouw projecten: 12 thematische bronnen met tracks onder CC-licentie<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/690399c643a5185387f4dfb44b6ab105.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.audiomania.ru\/content\/art-6637.html\">Innovation SSI-2001: het verhaal van een van de zeldzaamste geluidskaarten voor IBM PC<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/8f4e30a5e6719881ef1b97afdc73892d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.audiomania.ru\/content\/art-6552.html\">De geschiedenis van audiotechnologie: synthesizers en samplers<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1048b69feecb5ac7b66677e7a0df7cb8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.audiomania.ru\/content\/art-6499.html\">Een enthousiaste recre\u00eberde de geluidskaart Sound Blaster 1.0<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f2e6b9bd357392ee45c9e996a6c2224a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/audiomaniaRU\/783\">Hoe muziekformaten de afgelopen 100 jaar zijn veranderd<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hoe muziek te schrijven met behulp van OOP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1170b74cd464d1b6138511dafe6118dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/audiomaniaRU\/773\">Hoe een IT-bedrijf vocht voor het recht om muziek te verkopen<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Bron: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/audiomania\/blog\/461403\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 OpenMusic (OM), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445. \u041f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e James Baldwin \/ Unsplash \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 OpenMusic \u042d\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u0430. \u0423\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 LISP \u2014 Common Lisp. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e OpenMusic \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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