{"id":37278,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/nl\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","title":{"rendered":"Uitgave van de packetfilter nftables 0.9.2.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=156621590113089&#038;w=2\">Heeft plaatsgevonden<\/a><\/noindex> pakketfilterrelease <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.2<\/a><\/noindex>, dat zich ontwikkelt als vervanging voor iptables, ip6tables, arptables en ebtables door de interfaces voor pakketfiltering te unify voor IPv4, IPv6, ARP en netwerkmopoly. Het nftables-pakket bevat componenten van de pakketfilter die werken in de gebruikersruimte, terwijl op kernniveau het nf_tables-subsysteem zorgt, dat deel uitmaakt van de Linux-kern sinds versie 3.13. De vereiste wijzigingen voor de uitgave van nftables 0.9.2 zijn opgenomen in de Linux-kern 5.3.<\/p>\n<p>Op kernniveau wordt slechts een algemene interface geleverd, onafhankelijk van het specifieke protocol, en biedt deze de basisfuncties voor het extraheren van gegevens uit pakketten, het uitvoeren van gegevensbewerkingen en het beheren van de stroom. De filtering logica en protocol-specifieke handlers worden in bytecode gecompileerd in de gebruikersruimte, waarna deze bytecode via de Netlink-interface in de kern wordt geladen en wordt uitgevoerd in een speciale virtuele machine, vergelijkbaar met BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Deze aanpak maakt het mogelijk om de grootte van de filtering code die op kernniveau draait, aanzienlijk te verkleinen en alle functies voor het parseren van regels en de logica voor het werken met protocollen naar de gebruikersruimte te verplaatsen.<\/p>\n<p>Belangrijkste vernieuwingen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> De mogelijkheid om het poortnummer uit de transportlaag-header te controleren, ongeacht het type protocol op laag 4:\n<p>   add rule x y ip protocol { tcp, udp } th dport 53<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ondersteuning voor het herstellen van de levensduur van een set elementen:\n<p>   add element ip x y { 1.1.1.1 timeout 30s expires 15s }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> De mogelijkheid om afzonderlijke opties (lsrr, rr, ssrr en ra) uit IPv4-pakketten te controleren:\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr exists drop<\/p>\n<p>Voor routeringsopties kan de controle worden uitgevoerd op de velden type, ptr, length en addr:<\/p>\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr type 1 drop<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> In uitdrukkingen is het nu toegestaan om netwerkvoorkeuren en IP-bereiken op te geven:\n<p>   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.0\/28<br \/>\n   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.15<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ondersteuning voor het gebruik van variabelen in ketendefinities:\n<p>    define default_policy = accept<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority filter; policy $default_policy }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> De prioriteit van een keten kan nu zowel in numerieke als in symbolische vorm worden aangegeven:\n<p>    define prio = filter<br \/>\n    define prionum = 10<br \/>\n    definieer prioffset = \u00abfilter \u2014 150\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>    add table ip foo<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority $prio; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo ber { type filter hook input priority $prionum; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bor { type filter hook input priority $prioffset; }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ondersteuning voor de synproxy-module is ge\u00efmplementeerd. Bijvoorbeeld, om TCP-poort 8888 te beschermen met synproxy, kunnen de volgende regels worden gebruikt:\n<p>    table ip x {<br \/>\n            chain y {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain z {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 ct staat ongeldig, niet gevolgd synproxy mss 1460 \\<br \/>\n                       wscale 7 timestamp sack-perm  ct state invalid drop<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Om in de conntrack-tabel gerelateerde verwachte extra verbindingen voor de huidige verbinding te defini\u00ebren, die worden toegepast in protocollen en scenario's waarbij meerdere verbindingen moeten worden opgezet, kunnen nu beleidsregels worden gedefinieerd via de standaardregels. Bijvoorbeeld, om verwachte verbindingen naar TCP-poort 5432 te defini\u00ebren na verbindingen naar TCP-poort 8888, kunnen de volgende regels worden opgegeven:\n<p>        table x {<br \/>\n                ct expectation myexpect {<br \/>\n                        protocol tcp<br \/>\n                        dport 5432<br \/>\n                        timeout 1h<br \/>\n                        size 12<br \/>\n                        l3proto ip<br \/>\n                }<\/p>\n<p>                chain input {<br \/>\n                        type filter hook input priority 0;<br \/>\n                        ct state new tcp dport 8888 ct expectation set myexpect<br \/>\n                        ct state established,related counter accept<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Bron: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51312\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.2, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/nl\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 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