{"id":54718,"date":"2020-01-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-01T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/unix-ispolnilos-50-let-chto-eto-znachit"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:46","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:46","slug":"unix-ispolnilos-50-let-chto-eto-znachit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/nl\/blog\/news\/unix-ispolnilos-50-let-chto-eto-znachit","title":{"rendered":"Unix viert zijn 50ste verjaardag. Wat betekent dit?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>2020 is a significant year for Unix: at the very beginning of the year, the original operating system turned 50 years old. Unix time, also known as the 'epoch time,' is the number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1, 1970. But what concerns kernel developers regarding the half-century anniversary of Unix?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unix viert zijn 50ste verjaardag. Wat betekent dit?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1b3a3bdeb0400f3b34d5cd6964a48010.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Although some early developments of Unix predate the official start of its 'epoch,' January 1, 1970, remains the zero point in POSIX time. Therefore, starting January 1, 2020, the platform officially turned exactly 50 years old.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tijd <\/strong><strong>Unix versus menselijke tijd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>From a human perspective, 50 years is a long period. From the standpoint of Unix time, there is nothing particularly special about 50 years, as 43 years would have been just as significant. Unix systems (including Linux) store date and time values as the number of seconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, recorded in 32 bits. To determine how many seconds have passed since that time and, consequently, the current value of Unix time, you can execute the command:<\/p>\n<p><center><\/center><\/p>\n<p>$ date +%s<\/p>\n<p>1576883876<\/p>\n<p>De %s-parameter na de date-opdracht geeft de weergave van de huidige datum en tijd weer als het aantal seconden sinds 1970-01-01.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unix viert zijn 50ste verjaardag. Wat betekent dit?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aba69e769edb987923b060b6e32f9a00.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Wat is de maximale datum die systemen <\/strong><strong>Unix kunnen opslaan?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Om te begrijpen hoeveel tijd een Unix-systeem kan bevatten, moet men de capaciteit van het 32-bits veld inschatten. Dit kan als volgt worden berekend:<\/p>\n<p>$ echo '2^32' | bc<\/p>\n<p>4294967296<\/p>\n<p>Echter, omdat Unix ook negatieve getallen ondersteunt, is er \u00e9\u00e9n bit gereserveerd voor het teken, waardoor de tijdwaarde wordt verlaagd tot:<\/p>\n<p>$ echo '2^31' | bc<\/p>\n<p>2147483648<\/p>\n<p>And since Unix numbering starts at 0, it means that we have 2,147,483,648 values, but the largest is 2,147,483 647 - the Unix date and time value cannot exceed this number. Just as a car's odometer cannot exceed 999,999 kilometers - add 1, and the value resets.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hoeveel seconden zijn er in een jaar?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Het aantal seconden in een jaar kan als volgt worden berekend:<\/p>\n<p>$ expr 24 * 60 * 60 * 365<\/p>\n<p>31536000<\/p>\n<p>In een schrikkeljaar wordt er nog een dag toegevoegd:<\/p>\n<p>$ expr 24 * 60 * 60 * 366<\/p>\n<p>31622400<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unix viert zijn 50ste verjaardag. Wat betekent dit?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/a720be1bfca58df09540785bf66f556d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hoe viert Unix zijn 50e verjaardag?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Op 1 januari 2020 om 12:00 uur 's nachts is de tijd 1577836800. De berekening wordt iets ingewikkelder omdat er rekening moet worden gehouden met schrikkeljaren. Sinds het begin van de Unix-epoch zijn er 12 van zulke jaren geweest, van 1972 tot 2016. Dat betekent dat er 38 gewone jaren zijn verstreken.<\/p>\n<p>Zo ziet het commando expr eruit voor het berekenen van seconden in de afgelopen 50 jaar:<\/p>\n<p>$ expr 24 * 60 * 60 * 365 * 38 + 24 * 60 * 60 * 366 * 12<\/p>\n<p>1577836800<\/p>\n<p>Of zo, rekening houdend met eerder gemaakte berekeningen:<\/p>\n<p>$ expr 31536000 * 38 + 31622400 * 12<\/p>\n<p>1577836800<\/p>\n<p>Deze manier van tijdsnotatie maakte Unix-systemen immuun voor het Y2K-probleem, waarvoor mensen eind 1999 bezorgd waren dat de overgang naar het jaar 2000 schade aan computersystemen kon toebrengen. De moeilijkheden bleken veel minder te zijn dan verwacht. In feite waren alleen applicaties die jaren in een tweecijferig formaat opsloegen, getroffen door de nulling van datums. Veel ontwikkelaars hebben extra werk verricht om ervoor te zorgen dat hun applicaties niet door het Y2K-probleem zouden worden be\u00efnvloed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wanneer zal de tijd <\/strong><strong>Unix problemen ondervinden?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vergelijkbare moeilijkheden worden niet eerder dan 2038 verwacht voor Unix-systemen, wanneer datums die in het bovenstaande formaat zijn opgeslagen, de 32-bits ruimte zullen overschrijden. Er zijn nog 18 jaar te gaan, maar kernontwikkelaars werken al aan het vermijden van aankomende storingen.<\/p>\n<p>The Year 2038 problem is sometimes referred to as the Y2K38 problem. If it is not resolved by Tuesday, January 19, 2038, after this date systems may think that it is the year 1901. One way to address this issue is to switch to a 64-bit representation of date and time information. Some believe that this will be much more complicated than it may seem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><center><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/gfycat.com\/ifr\/SereneGorgeousIcelandichorse\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Hoe dan ook, het is nog te vroeg om in paniek te raken. Wat werkelijk belangrijk is, is vandaag de 50ste verjaardag van Unix-systemen, die worden erkend als een van de belangrijkste besturingssystemen in de geschiedenis.<\/p>\n<p><center><\/p>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<center><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/center><br \/>Bron: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.3dnews.ru\/1000521\">3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f Unix: \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 50 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f Unix, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a &laquo;\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438&raquo;, &mdash; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441 1 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f 1970 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0435\u043c Unix? \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a Unix \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e &laquo;\u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438&raquo;, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f Unix: \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 50 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f Unix, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438\u00bb, \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441 1 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f 1970 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/nl\/blog\/news\/unix-ispolnilos-50-let-chto-eto-znachit\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47Unix \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 50 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442? 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Unix-tijd, ook bekend als 'epoch-tijd', is het aantal seconden dat verstreken is sinds 1 januari 1970.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/nl\/blog\/news\/unix-ispolnilos-50-let-chto-eto-znachit","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"nl_NL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Unix \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 50 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442? | ProHoster","og:description":"2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434 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