{"id":83016,"date":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket"},"modified":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","slug":"25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/nl\/blog\/news\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","title":{"rendered":"25 kwetsbaarheden in RTOS Zephyr, waaronder die welke worden uitgebuit via ICMP-pakketten","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Onderzoekers van NCC Group hebben<\/a><\/noindex> resultaten van de audit van het vrije project Zephyr<\/a><\/noindex>, ontwikkelende<\/a><\/noindex> real-time operating system (RTOS) aimed at equipping devices in line with the 'Internet of Things' (IoT, Internet of Things) concept. During the audit, it was revealed 25 kwetsbaarheden<\/a><\/noindex> in Zephyr en 1 kwetsbaarheid in MCUboot ontdekt. De ontwikkeling van Zephyr wordt uitgevoerd met medewerking van bedrijven zoals Intel. <\/p>\n

A total of 6 vulnerabilities were found in the network stack, 4 in the kernel, 2 in the command shell, 5 in system call handlers, 5 in the USB subsystem, and 3 in the firmware update mechanism. Two issues were assigned a critical severity level, two a high level, 9 moderate, 9 low, and 4 were to be considered. Critical issues affect the IPv4 stack and MQTT parser, while dangerous ones impact USB mass storage and USB DFU drivers. At the time of disclosure, fixes had only been prepared for the 15 most critical vulnerabilities, with issues leading to denial of service or related to shortcomings in the kernel's additional protection mechanisms remaining unpatched.<\/p>\n

In de IPv4-stack van het platform is een extern exploiteerbare kwetsbaarheid ontdekt die leidt tot geheugenbeschadiging bij het verwerken van bepaalde gemanipuleerde ICMP-pakketten. Een ander ernstig probleem is gevonden in de MQTT-protocolparser, dat wordt veroorzaakt door het ontbreken van een juiste lengtevalidatie van de header-velden en kan leiden tot remote code execution. Minder ernstige problemen die leiden tot denial-of-service zijn aangetroffen in de IPv6-stack en de implementatie van het CoAP-protocol.<\/p>\n

The remaining issues can be exploited locally to cause denial of service or execute code at the kernel level. Most of these vulnerabilities are associated with the lack of proper checks on the arguments of system calls and can lead to arbitrary reading and writing in kernel memory regions. The issues also relate directly to the code for handling system calls \u2014 calling with a negative system call number leads to an integer overflow. Problems in the implementation of ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) protection and the mechanism for setting canary values in the stack were also found in the kernel, rendering these mechanisms ineffective. <\/p>\n

Veel problemen hebben betrekking op de USB-stack en afzonderlijke stuurprogramma's. Bijvoorbeeld, een probleem met USB-massastorage kan een buffer-overloop veroorzaken en code op het niveau van de kernel uitvoeren wanneer een apparaat op een door de aanvaller gecontroleerde USB-host wordt aangesloten. Een kwetsbaarheid in USB DFU, de driver voor het uploaden van nieuwe firmware via USB, maakt het mogelijk om een gewijzigd firmware-image in het interne Flash-geheugen van de microcontroller te laden zonder gebruik te maken van versleuteling en om de modus voor veilige opstarten te omzeilen waar componenten worden gecontroleerd door digitale handtekeningen. Daarnaast is de code van de open bootloader bestudeerd. MCUboot<\/a><\/noindex>, waarin een niet-gevaarlijke kwetsbaarheid is gevonden,
\ndie kan leiden tot een buffer-overloop bij gebruik van het SMP (Simple Management Protocol) via UART.<\/p>\n

Ter herinnering, in Zephyr wordt voor alle processen slechts \u00e9\u00e9n globale gedeelde virtuele adresruimte (SASOS, Single Address Space Operating System) verstrekt. Toepassingsspecifieke code wordt gecombineerd met een aangepast kernel voor een specifieke toepassing en vormt een monolitisch uitvoerbaar bestand voor het laden en starten op specifieke hardware. Alle systeemspecifieke middelen worden gedefinieerd tijdens het compileren, wat de codegrootte verkleint en de prestaties verhoogt. Slechts de kernelcapaciteiten die nodig zijn voor de uitvoering van de toepassing kunnen in het systeembestand worden opgenomen.<\/p>\n

Opvallend is dat een van de belangrijkste voordelen van Zephyr Uarch-bench allows measuring memory performance, the speed of parallel data loading, and the operation of clearing<\/a><\/noindex> is de ontwikkeling met oog voor veiligheid. Er wordt beweerd<\/a><\/noindex>, wat betekent dat alle fasen van de ontwikkeling verplichte stappen ondergaan voor de bevestiging van de veiligheid van de code: fuzzing-tests, statische analyse, penetratietests, code-review, analyse van backdoor-injecties en bedreigingsmodellering.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Bron: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd4725 kwetsbaarheden in RTOS Zephyr, waaronder die via ICMP-pakket te exploiteren | ProHoster","description":"Onderzoekers van NCC Group hebben de resultaten van de audit gepubliceerd.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/nl\/blog\/news\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"nl_NL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd4725 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 RTOS Zephyr, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 ICMP-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 | 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