{"id":112481,"date":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","slug":"v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/no\/blog\/news\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"I Fedora har de til hensikt \u00e5 sl\u00e5 sammen innholdet i katalogene \/usr\/bin og \/usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

I utgjeva Fedora 40 er det foresl\u00e5tt \u00e5 sl\u00e5 sammen innholdet i katalogene \/usr\/bin og \/usr\/sbin, ved \u00e5 erstatte katalogen \/usr\/sbin med en symbolsk lenke som peker til \/usr\/bin. Transformasjonen av \/bin og \/sbin til symboliske lenker til \/usr\/bin og \/usr\/sbin ble utf\u00f8rt i 2012 i Fedora 17. Etter \u00e5 ha samlet alle kj\u00f8rbare filer p\u00e5 ett sted, vil omtalen av katalogen \/usr\/sbin bli fjernet fra milj\u00f8variabelen PATH. Forslaget er for tiden p\u00e5 diskusjonsstadiet og har ikke blitt vurdert av FESCo-komiteen (Fedora Engineering Steering Committee), som er ansvarlig for den tekniske delen av utviklingen av Fedora-distribusjonen. <\/p>\n

Det bemerkes at delingen av kj\u00f8rbare filer etter katalogene bin og sbin er en foreldet praksis som har mistet meningen i moderne distribusjoner. Det ble opprinnelig ment at de mest viktige kj\u00f8rbare filene skulle plasseres i sbin, kompilert statisk og egnet for \u00e5 bli kalt i gjenopprettingsmodus, for eksempel ved skade p\u00e5 deler av FS eller utilgjengelig avdeling \/usr. I Fedora har innholdet i sbin lenge v\u00e6rt lagt inn i \/usr og ikke i rotkatalogen. <\/p>\n

Oppdelingen i sbin og bin ble ogs\u00e5 brukt for \u00e5 skille programmer for administratorer og vanlige brukere, men kriteriene for plassering av programmer i sbin eller bin er ganske vage, og i mange \u00e5r har milj\u00f8variabelen PATH for alle brukere inkludert b\u00e5de \/usr\/bin og \/usr\/sbin (systemd legger som standard begge kataloger til PATH for alle brukere og tjenester). Dermed har delingen av bin og sbin i praksis ikke blitt brukt p\u00e5 lang tid og hindrer bare n\u00e5r det er behov for \u00e5 bruke den absolutte banen til en kj\u00f8rbar fil, spesielt under forhold der forskjellige distribusjoner fordeler kj\u00f8rbare filer ulikt mellom katalogene bin og sbin. <\/p>\n

Forenkling av bin og sbin vil gj\u00f8re det lettere for de som vedlikeholder pakker, som ikke lenger trenger \u00e5 gjette hvilken katalog de skal plassere den kj\u00f8rbare filen i; det vil gj\u00f8re systemet mer forutsigbart og forst\u00e5elig for brukerne; det vil \u00f8ke kompatibiliteten med andre distribusjoner (for eksempel, i Fedora ble verkt\u00f8yet ip plassert i sbin, mens det i Debian var i bin; etter forenklingen vil den Debian-spesifikke stien fungere ogs\u00e5 i Fedora); det vil gj\u00f8re distribusjonen mer kompatibel med Arch Linux, som fusjonerte sbin og bin i 2013; det vil redusere antallet katalog-sjekker ved utf\u00f8ring av execvp() og lignende kall (man m\u00e5 bare s\u00f8ke gjennom \u00e9n katalog i stedet for to); det vil forenkle s\u00f8k i logger og analyse av utdata fra verkt\u00f8y som strace.
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Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 Fedora 40 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \/usr\/sbin \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/bin \u0438 \/sbin \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 2012 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 Fedora 17. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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