{"id":29999,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","slug":"kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/no\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","title":{"rendered":"CD-en har 40 \u00e5r, og den er d\u00f8d (eller?)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"CD-en
\nPrototype of the Philips player, Elektuur magazine No. 188, June 1979, Public domain mark 1.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

The compact disc turns 40, and for those of us who remember its beginnings, it remains a mysterious achievement of high technology even now, when this medium has had to make way under the pressure of streaming services.<\/p>\n

If one were to pinpoint the moment when digital technology began to displace analog in consumer electronics, the emergence of the CD could certainly be considered such a point. In the mid-seventies, the most coveted electronic gadgets were the analog video recorder and the CB radio, but with the release of the first home computers and laser players, the dreams of those wanting to be 'ahead of the curve' suddenly changed. The CD player turned out to be the first household electronic device to contain a small but real laser, which at that time seemed something fantastical, almost unreal. Today, new technologies hitting the market do not produce such an effect: they are perceived as just something that appears and disappears 'in its own time.'<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Where did it come from?<\/h1>\n

\n\u00abBeina\u00bb for format arises from the latest recording methods of that time, which developers also sought to adapt for high-quality sound recording. At Sony, an effort was made to adapt a video recorder for digital sound recording, while at Philips, they aimed to record sound in analog format on optical discs similar to those already used for video storage. Eventually, engineers from both companies concluded that it was better to record on optical discs, but in digital format. Today, this \u2018but\u2019 seems self-evident, but it was not an immediate conclusion. After developing two incompatible, yet very similar formats, Sony and Philips began to collaborate and by 1979 introduced prototypes of a player and a 120-millimeter disc that could hold over an hour of 16-bit stereo sound with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz. In popular science literature and periodicals, this new technology was attributed with incredible futurism, exaggerating its capabilities. Television broadcasts promised that these discs would be \u2018indestructible\u2019 compared to vinyl records, further fueling interest in them. The shiny silver-bodied Philips player with top loading looked stunning, but the first models of these devices only hit store shelves in 1982.<\/p>\n

Hvordan fungerer det?<\/h1>\n

\nAlthough users felt that the principle of operation of the CD player was overly complex and incomprehensible, in reality, everything was surprisingly simple and clear. Especially compared to the analog video recorders alongside which many of these players stood. By the end of the eighties, the PKD device was often used to explain a variety of topics to future electronic engineers. By that time, many already knew what this format was, but far from everyone could afford to buy such a player.<\/p>\n

CD-lesarhodet inneholder bemerkelsesverdig f\u00e5 bevegelige deler. Modulen, som inkluderer b\u00e5de kilde og mottaker av str\u00e5ling, beveger seg med en liten elmotor gjennom en skrueoverf\u00f8ring. IR-laserlyset rammes av en prisme som reflekterer str\u00e5len i en 90\u00b0 vinkel. Objektivet fokuserer det, og etter at det har blitt reflektert fra disken, g\u00e5r det tilbake gjennom det samme objektivet inn i prismet, men denne gangen endrer det ikke retning og n\u00e5r et array av fire fotodioder. Fokuseringsmekanismen best\u00e5r av en magnet og viklinger. Ved riktig sporing og fokusering oppn\u00e5s den h\u00f8yeste str\u00e5lingintensiteten i midten av arrayen, sporingsfeil f\u00f8rer til forskyvning av flekken, mens fokuseringsfeil f\u00f8rer til utvidelse. Automatikken justerer posisjonen til leserhodet, fokusering og omdreininger for \u00e5 gi et analogt signal ut som man kan hente digitale data fra med \u00f8nsket hastighet.<\/p>\n

\"CD-en
\nLeserhodet med forklaringer, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Bitene kombineres i rammer, hvor modulering ble anvendt allerede under opptak, EFM (eight-to-fourteen modulation)<\/a><\/noindex>, som unng\u00e5r enkeltst\u00e5ende nuller og enere, for eksempel blir sekvensen 000100010010000100 til 111000011100000111. Etter \u00e5 ha kj\u00f8rt rammene gjennom en oppslagstabell, f\u00e5r man en str\u00f8m av 16-bits data, som gjennomg\u00e5r Reed-Solomon-korreksjon og sendes til DAC. Selv om forskjellige produsenter gjennom \u00e5rene har gjort ulike forbedringer i dette systemet, har den viktigste delen av enheten forblitt en ganske enkel optisk-elektronisk modul.<\/p>\n

Hva skjedde med det etterp\u00e5?<\/h1>\n

\nP\u00e5 nittitallet ble formatet fra \u00e5 v\u00e6re futuristisk og prestisjefylt til \u00e5 bli massivt. Spillerne ble betydelig billigere, og b\u00e6rbare modeller kom p\u00e5 markedet. Diskspillere begynte \u00e5 erstatte kassettspillere. Det samme skjedde med CD-ROM, og i andre halvdel av nittitallet var det vanskelig \u00e5 forestille seg en ny PC uten CD-stasjon og multimedia-encyklopedi i pakken. Vist 1000HM var intet unntak \u2014 en stilig datamaskin med h\u00f8yttalere integrert i skjermen, FM-mottaker og kompakt IR-tastatur med innebygd joystick, som minnet om en stor fjernkontroll for musikkapparatet. Generelt ropte den med sitt utseende at dens plass ikke var p\u00e5 kontoret, men i stuen, og den konkurrerte om plassen til nettopp musikkapparatet. Den kom med en disk fra bandet \u00abNautilus Pompilius\u00bb med komposisjoner i firebits monofoniske WAV-filer, som tok lite plass. Det fantes ogs\u00e5 mer spesialisert utstyr som brukte CD som lagringsmedium, som for eksempel Philips CD-i og Commodore Amiga CDTV, samt Video CD-spillere, Sega Mega CD-enheten til Mega Drive\/Genesis-konsollene, 3DO og PlayStation (den aller f\u00f8rste)\u2026<\/p>\n

\"CD-en
\nCommodore Amiga CDTV, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

\"CD-en
\nVist Black Jack II, en datamaskin som utad ikke skiller seg fra Vist 1000HM, itWeek, (163)39`1998<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Og mens de rike tilegnet seg dette, var det en ny tematikk p\u00e5 agendaen: muligheten til \u00e5 brenne kompaktplater hjemme. Det luktet igjen av fantasi. F\u00e5 heldige eiere av brennere pr\u00f8vde \u00e5 tjene tilbake pengene sine ved \u00e5 sette opp annonser: \u00abJeg lager backup av harddisken din p\u00e5 CD, billig\u00bb. Dette sammenfalt med fremkomsten av det komprimerte lydformatet MP3, da de f\u00f8rste MPMan- og Diamond Rio-spillerne ble lansert. Men disse brukte fortsatt dyre flash-minner, mens kompakt-CD-spilleren Lenoxx MP-786 ble en virkelig hit\u2014og den leste b\u00e5de brente og ferdig produserte plater med MP3-filer helt utmerket. Napster og lignende tjenester ble snart ofre for plateselskapene, som samtidig begynte \u00e5 se p\u00e5 det nye formatet. En av de f\u00f8rste lisensierte MP3-platene ble utgitt av gruppen \u00abKrematoriy\u00bb, og den ble oftest lyttet til p\u00e5 akkurat denne spilleren. Og en gang fikk oversetteren selv lov til \u00e5 g\u00e5 inn i en av disse spillerne for \u00e5 fikse en feil som for\u00e5rsaket at platen traff lokket. Utgivelsen av de f\u00f8rste iPod-ene fra Apple, som gjorde det mulig \u00e5 kj\u00f8pe album gjennom et brukervennlig grensesnitt p\u00e5 datamaskinens skjerm, oppmuntret musikkutgivere til endelig \u00e5 skifte fra kampen mot komprimerte lydformater til \u00e5 hente kommersiell gevinst fra dem. Deretter tok smarttelefonen raskt over for de separate MP3-spillerne, enda raskere enn de tidligere hadde presset CD-ene ut av bruk, men vinyl og kassetter er n\u00e5 i ferd med \u00e5 oppleve en renessanse. Er kompaktplaten d\u00f8d? Antagelig ikke, for produksjonen av b\u00e5de spillere og medier har ikke stoppet helt. Og det er ikke utenkelig at en ny b\u00f8lge av nostalgi vil gjenopplive dette formatet.
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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