{"id":32111,"date":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","slug":"nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/no\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","title":{"rendered":"Vitenskapen om logikk i programmering.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vitenskapen om logikk i programmering.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3f4ea4ccd01e4dd17cb9348e35b80752.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Denne artikkelen handler om en komparativ analyse av de logiske entitetene fra det tyske filosofen Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegels verk \u00abVitskapen om logikk\u00bb med deres analoger eller frav\u00e6r i programmering.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Entitetene fra \u00abVitskapen om logikk\u00bb er uthevet i kursiv for \u00e5 unng\u00e5 forvirring med de allment aksepterte definisjonene av disse ordene.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"chistoe-bytie\">Rent v\u00e6re<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hvis du \u00e5pner definisjonen <em>rent v\u00e6re<\/em> I boken vil du se en interessant setning \u00abuten ytterligere definisjon\u00bb. Men for de som ikke har lest eller ikke forstod, v\u00e6r s\u00e5 snill og ikke hast med \u00e5 anklage forfatteren for demens. <em>Rent v\u00e6re<\/em> \u2014 det er et grunnleggende begrep i Hegels logikk som betyr at et eller annet objekt eksisterer, v\u00e6r vennlig \u00e5 ikke forveksle det med eksistensen av objektet, et objekt kan kanskje ikke eksistere i virkeligheten, men hvis vi p\u00e5 en eller annen m\u00e5te har definert det i v\u00e5r logikk, s\u00e5 er det der. Hvis du tenker over det, s\u00e5 er det virkelig slike ting som <em>rent v\u00e6re<\/em> umulig \u00e5 gi en definisjon, og ethvert fors\u00f8k vil bare resultere i at du henviser til dets synonymer eller antonymer. <em>Rent v\u00e6re<\/em> et s\u00e5 abstrakt begrep at det kan anvendes absolutt p\u00e5 hva som helst, inkludert seg selv. I noen objektorienterte spr\u00e5k er det mulig \u00e5 representere alt som et objekt, inkludert operasjoner p\u00e5 objekter, noe som i prinsippet gir oss et slikt niv\u00e5 av abstraksjon. Imidlertid har programm\u00e9ringen ingen direkte analog til <em>rent v\u00e6re<\/em> for \u00e5 sjekke eksistensen av et objekt, m\u00e5 vi sjekke dets frav\u00e6r.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">if(obj != null);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Det er rart at det ikke finnes syntaktisk sukker for dette, gitt at denne sjekken er ganske popul\u00e6r.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nichto\">Ingen ting<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hvordan kunne man ha gjettet <em>ingen ting<\/em> er frav\u00e6r av noe som helst. Dets analog kan v\u00e6re NULL. Det er verdt \u00e5 merke seg at i vitenskapelig logikk <em>ingen ting<\/em> er <em>rent v\u00e6re<\/em>, fordi det ogs\u00e5 finnes. Dette gir en viss knute, for vi kan ikke henvise til NULL som et objekt i noe spr\u00e5k, selv om det i prinsippet ogs\u00e5 er det.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"stanovlenie-i-momenty\">Bli til og momenter<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Bli til<\/em> \u2014 det er overgangen fra <em>ingen ting<\/em> i <em>v\u00e6re<\/em> og fra <em>v\u00e6re<\/em> i <em>ingen ting<\/em>. Dette gir oss to <em>momenter<\/em>, den f\u00f8rste kalles <em>fremvekst<\/em>, og den andre <em>overgang<\/em>. <em>Overgang<\/em> ble kalt slik i stedet for forsvinning, fordi den logiske entiteten i prinsippet ikke kan forsvinne, bare hvis vi har glemt den. <em>Opphevelse<\/em> kan det kalles en prosedyre for tildeling. Hvis vi initialiserer et objekt skjer <em>\u00f8yeblikket av opprettelse<\/em>, og hvis et annet verdsettelse eller NULL tildeles <em>\u00f8yeblikket av overgang<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">obj = new object(); \/\/opprettelse\nobj = null; \/\/overgang<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nalichnoe-bytie\">N\u00e5v\u00e6rende eksistens<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For \u00e5 oppsummere <em>n\u00e5v\u00e6rende eksistens<\/em> \u2014 er et objekt uten klart definisjon, men med <em>definithet<\/em>. Hva betyr dette. Et kanonisk eksempel er en vanlig stol. Hvis du pr\u00f8ver \u00e5 gi den en tydelig definisjon, vil du st\u00f8te p\u00e5 mange vanskeligheter. For eksempel kan du si: \u00abdet er et m\u00f8bel laget for \u00e5 sitte p\u00e5\u00bb, men en lenestol er ogs\u00e5 laget for det, osv. Men frav\u00e6ret av en klar definisjon hindrer oss ikke i \u00e5 identifisere den i rommet og bruke den n\u00e5r vi formidler informasjon om den, dette fordi i hodet v\u00e5rt finnes det <em>definithet<\/em> stolen. Kanskje noen allerede har gjettet at for \u00e5 skille slike objekter fra datastreamen, ble nevronnettverk opprettet. Et nevronnettverk kan defineres som en funksjon som bestemmer denne <em>definithet<\/em>, men det finnes ingen typer objekter som inkluderer b\u00e5de klare og uklare definisjoner, s\u00e5 slike objekter kan ikke brukes p\u00e5 samme abstraksjonsniv\u00e5.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"zakon-perehoda-kolichestvennyh-izmeneniy-v-kachestvennye\">Loven om overgang av kvantitative forandringer til kvalitative<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Denne loven ble formulert av Friedrich Engels som f\u00f8lge av tolkningen av Hegels logikk. Imidlertid kan man helt se den i den f\u00f8rste delen i kapitlet om <em>m\u00e5l<\/em>. Kjernen i dette er at <em>kvantitative<\/em> forandringer i objektet kan p\u00e5virke dets <em>kvalitet<\/em>. For eksempel har vi et objekt is, ved \u00e5 akkumulerer temperatur vil det forvandles til flytende vann og endre sine <em>kvaliteter<\/em>. For \u00e5 implementere en slik oppf\u00f8rsel i et objekt finnes det et designm\u00f8nster \u00abTilstand\u00bb. Fremveksten av en slik l\u00f8sning er for\u00e5rsaket av frav\u00e6ret av noe i programmering som <em>grunnlag<\/em> for <em>for opprettelse<\/em> av objektet. <em>Grunnlaget<\/em> bestemmer betingelsene under hvilke objektet kan oppst\u00e5, og i algoritmen bestemmer vi selv n\u00e5r vi trenger \u00e5 initialisere objektet.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>PS:<\/strong> Hvis denne informasjonen er interessant, vil jeg gi en oversikt over andre entiteter fra \u00abVitskapen om logikk\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448948\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443 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