{"id":40138,"date":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","slug":"katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/no\/blog\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hei, Habr! <\/p>\n<p>Etter nytt\u00e5rsfeiringen har vi relansert v\u00e5rt katastrofemotstandsdyktige sky p\u00e5 to steder. I dag vil vi forklare hvordan dette fungerer, og vise hva som skjer med kundenes virtuelle maskiner n\u00e5r enkelte elementer i klyngen svikter og en hel lokasjon faller ut (spoiler - de har det bra). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/58b56261b55785a76bce3e754c86f6a9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>SAN for det katastrofemotstandsdyktige skyet p\u00e5 OST-lokasjonen.<\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Hva er inni<\/h3>\n<p>\nUnder panseret i klyngen finner vi Cisco UCS-servere med hypervisoren VMware ESXi, to INFINIDAT InfiniBox F2240 SAN-er, Cisco Nexus nettverksutstyr, samt Brocade SAN-svitsjer. Klyngen er delt over to lokasjoner - OST og NORD, det vil si at hvert datasenter har et identisk sett med utstyr. Dette er det som gj\u00f8r den katastrofemotstandsdyktig. <\/p>\n<p>Innenfor en lokasjon er ogs\u00e5 hovedkomponentene duplisert (verter, SAN-svitsjer, nettverk).<br \/>\nDe to lokasjonene er sammenkoblet med dedikerte fiberoptiske baner, som ogs\u00e5 er reservert.<\/p>\n<p>Et par ord om SAN. Den f\u00f8rste versjonen av den katastrofemotstandsdyktige skyen bygde vi p\u00e5 NetApp. Her valgte vi INFINIDAT, og her er grunnen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Active-Active replikasjonsalternativet. Det gj\u00f8r at den virtuelle maskinen forblir i drift selv ved total svikt av en av SAN-ene. Jeg vil gi flere detaljer om replikasjonen senere.<\/li>\n<li>Tre diskontrollere for \u00e5 \u00f8ke systemets feilresistens. Vanligvis har de to.<\/li>\n<li>Ferdig l\u00f8sning. En forh\u00e5ndsmontert rack kom til oss, som bare trenger \u00e5 bli koblet til nettverket og konfigurert.<\/li>\n<li>Oppmerksom teknisk st\u00f8tte. INFINIDATs ingeni\u00f8rer analyserer kontinuerlig logger og hendelser fra SAN, installerer nye versjoner i fastvaren, og hjelper med konfigurasjonen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nHer er noen bilder fra unpacking:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b953a56bba9f0308f5fe1b27b356683b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/94b5ceb8565ebe1ef2aacff943e1a9d0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Slik fungerer det<\/h3>\n<p>\nSkyen er allerede motstandsdyktig mot interne feil. Den beskytter kunden mot enkeltst\u00e5ende maskinvare- og programvarefeil. Katastrofemotstandsdyktig sky vil hjelpe til med \u00e5 beskytte mot massive feil innen en enkelt lokasjon: for eksempel svikt i SAN (eller SDS-klyngen, noe som skjer ofte \ud83d\ude42), massfeil i lagringsnettverket, osv. Og det viktigste: en slik sky redder deg n\u00e5r en hel lokasjon blir utilgjengelig p\u00e5 grunn av brann, blackout, ran, eller invasjon fra romvesener. <\/p>\n<p>I alle disse tilfellene fortsetter kundenes virtuelle maskiner \u00e5 fungere, og det er derfor. <\/p>\n<p>Klyngeschemat er organisert slik at enhver ESXi-vertsmaskin med klientvirtualiserte maskiner kan f\u00e5 tilgang til hvilken som helst av de to SAN-ene. Hvis SAN-en p\u00e5 OST-omr\u00e5det feiler, vil de virtuelle maskinene fortsette \u00e5 kj\u00f8re: vertene som de kj\u00f8rer p\u00e5, vil hente data fra SAN-en p\u00e5 NORD. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/996193debdab5b3564c97b05b1e5ba27.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Slik ser tilkoblingsskjemaet i klyngen ut. <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Dette er mulig takket v\u00e6re at det mellom SAN-fabrikkene p\u00e5 de to omr\u00e5dene er konfigurert Inter-Switch Link: SAN-bryteren Fabric A OST er koblet til SAN-bryteren Fabric A NORD, og det samme gjelder for SAN-bryterne Fabric B. <\/p>\n<p>Og for at alle disse intrikate SAN-fabrikkene skal ha mening, er det mellom de to SAN-ene konfigurert Active-Active replikasjon: informasjon blir nesten samtidig skrevet til den lokale og den eksterne SAN-en, RPO=0. Det betyr at p\u00e5 \u00e9n SAN lagres originaldataene, og p\u00e5 den andre lagres deres replikat. Data replikeres p\u00e5 volumniv\u00e5ene til SAN-ene, og det er p\u00e5 dem at VM-dataene lagres (dens disker, konfigurasjonsfil, swap-fil osv.). <\/p>\n<p>ESXi-vertsmaskinen ser hovedvolumet og dets replikat som en enkelt lagringsenhet (Storage Device). Fra ESXi-vertsmaskinen g\u00e5r det 24 veier til hver lagringsenhet:<\/p>\n<p>12 veier kobler den til den lokale SAN-en (optimale veier), mens de resterende 12 kobler den til den eksterne (ikke-optimale veier). I normal drift henter ESXi data fra den lokale SAN-en ved \u00e5 bruke de \"optimale\" veiene. N\u00e5r denne SAN-en feiler, mister ESXi de optimale veiene og bytter over til de \"ikke-optimale\". Slik ser det ut i skjemaet.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/e2b61eb8b9db4b882a6d20c0abf9fc4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Skjema for katastrofesikre klynger.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Alle klientnettverk er koblet til begge omr\u00e5der gjennom en felles nettverksfabrikk. Hver plassering har en Provider Edge (PE), der klientenes nettverk termineres. PE-ene er samlet i en felles klynge. Hvis en PE p\u00e5 ett sted svikter, omdirigeres all trafikk til det andre stedet. Takket v\u00e6re dette forblir virtuelle maskiner fra stedet som mistet PE tilgjengelige over nettverket for klienten. <\/p>\n<p>La oss n\u00e5 se hva som skjer med klientens virtuelle maskiner ved ulike feil. Vi begynner med de enkleste alternativene og avslutter med det mest alvorlige \u2013 feilen med hele stedet. I eksemplene vil det prim\u00e6re stedet v\u00e6re OST, og det sekund\u00e6re, med datamatrisene, vil v\u00e6re NORD.<\/p>\n<h3>Hva skjer med klientens virtuelle maskin hvis\u2026 <\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Replication Link svikter.<\/b> Replikasjonen mellom SAN-ene p\u00e5 de to omr\u00e5dene stopper opp.<br \/>\nESXi vil berre fungere med lokale lagringsenheter (via optimale stier). <br \/>\nVirtuelle maskiner fortsetter \u00e5 fungere.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c15c34e54cb456011f3155b30cbe1063.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Det skjer et ISL (Inter-Switch Link) brudd.<\/b> Dette er lite sannsynlig. Med mindre en gal gravemaskin graver opp flere optiske ruter som g\u00e5r uavhengige veier og g\u00e5r til plattformene gjennom forskjellige innganger. Men likevel. I dette tilfellet vil ESXi-verter miste halve stiene og kan bare f\u00e5 tilgang til sine lokale SAN-er. Replikaer blir samlet, men vertene vil ikke kunne f\u00e5 tilgang til dem. <\/p>\n<p>Virtuelle maskiner fungerer normalt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c6c1b8b4972cd90cdb639fffe623bc1d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>SAN-svitsjen p\u00e5 en av plattformene svikter.<\/b> ESXi-vert erfarer tap av deler av stiene til SAN. I dette tilfellet vil vertene p\u00e5 plattformen der svitsjen svikter, bare fungere gjennom \u00e9n av sine HBAs. <\/p>\n<p>Virtuelle maskiner fortsetter \u00e5 fungere normalt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3325765d426751e8717af20f7f122b90.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Alle SAN-svitsjer svikter p\u00e5 en av plattformene.<\/b> La oss anta at et slikt problem oppst\u00e5r p\u00e5 plattformen OST. I dette tilfellet vil ESXi-verts p\u00e5 denne plattformen miste alle stier til sine lagringsenheter. Den standard mekanismen i VMware vSphere HA treder i kraft: den vil starte alle virtuelle maskiner p\u00e5 plattformen OST i NORD innen maksimum 140 sekunder. <\/p>\n<p>Virtuelle maskiner som kj\u00f8rer p\u00e5 vertene i plattformen NORD, fungerer normalt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c7a129691cd4d6c161e165fd55607206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>En ESXi-vert svikter p\u00e5 \u00e9n plattform. <\/b>Her treder igjen vSphere HA-mekanismen i kraft: virtuelle maskiner fra den sviktende verten blir startet p\u00e5 andre verter - p\u00e5 samme eller en annen plattform. Tiden for \u00e5 starte en virtuell maskin er opptil 1 minutt. <\/p>\n<p>Hvis alle ESXi-verter p\u00e5 plattformen OST svikter, er det ikke noen alternativer: VM-er startes p\u00e5 en annen. Oppstartstiden er den samme. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c00fb5078e0c4df1461187d8896670a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Et SAN svikter p\u00e5 en plattform.<\/b> La oss si at SAN svikter p\u00e5 plattformen OST. Da vil ESXi-verter p\u00e5 plattformen OST bytte til \u00e5 arbeide med replikaer fra SAN i NORD. Etter at den sviktende SAN er tilbake, vil det skje en tvunget replikering, og ESXi-verter OST vil igjen begynne \u00e5 f\u00e5 tilgang til sin lokale SAN. <\/p>\n<p>Virtuelle maskiner fungerer normalt i l\u00f8pet av denne tiden.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/87f7e1d012886d963f020768864154a7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>En av plattformene svikter.<\/b> I dette tilfellet vil alle virtuelle maskiner bli startet p\u00e5 en reserveplattform via vSphere HA-mekanismen. Tiden for \u00e5 starte VM-er er 140 sekunder. Alle nettverksinnstillinger for den virtuelle maskinen blir bevart, og den forblir tilgjengelig for kunden via nettet.<\/p>\n<p>For the restart of machines on the backup site to go smoothly, each site is filled only halfway. The second half serves as a reserve in case all virtual machines need to be moved from the second, affected site.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofesikker sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/62cad7aaf5043f6879dc4a6cbb7b35bb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nThis is what a disaster-resistant cloud based on two data centers protects against. <\/p>\n<p>This pleasure is not cheap, as in addition to the main resources, a reserve at the second site is required. Therefore, business-critical services are hosted in such clouds, where prolonged downtime leads to significant financial and reputational losses, or if there are disaster resistance requirements from regulators or the company's internal regulations.<\/p>\n<p><b>Kilder:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf\">www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides\">support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/486186\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 (\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0439\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u2013 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e). \u0421\u0425\u0414 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 OST. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b Cisco [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40139,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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