{"id":89477,"date":"2020-07-23T01:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T23:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast"},"modified":"2020-07-23T01:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T23:42:18","slug":"apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/no\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast","title":{"rendered":"Apache & Nginx. Knyttet sammen med en kjede (del 2)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

I forrige uke i den f\u00f8rste delen<\/a><\/noindex> denne artikkelen beskrev vi hvordan kombinasjonen Apache og Nginx er bygd opp i Timeweb. Vi er sv\u00e6rt takknemlige til leserne for sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5lene og det aktive diskusjonen! I dag forteller vi hvordan tilgjengeligheten av flere versjoner av PHP p\u00e5 \u00e9n server er implementert og hvorfor vi garanterer sikkerheten til dataene v\u00e5re kunder.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nVirtuell hosting<\/b> (Delt hosting) inneb\u00e6rer at mange kundekontoer er plassert p\u00e5 \u00e9n server. P\u00e5 en kundekonto finnes det vanligvis flere nettsteder. Nettstedene fungerer b\u00e5de p\u00e5 ferdige CMS (for eksempel Bitrix) og p\u00e5 skreddersydde l\u00f8sninger. Dermed varierer de tekniske kravene for alle systemene, og derfor m\u00e5 flere versjoner av PHP administreres p\u00e5 samme server.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVi bruker Nginx som hovedwebserver: den tar imot alle eksterne tilkoblinger og leverer statisk innhold. De andre foresp\u00f8rslene proxieres videre til webserveren Apache. Her begynner magien: for hver versjon av PHP kj\u00f8res en egen instans av Apache som lytter p\u00e5 en bestemt port. Denne porten spesifiseres i den virtuelle verten til kundens nettsted. <\/p>\n

Du kan lese mer om Driften av delt ordning i den f\u00f8rste delen av artikkelen<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nDelt ordning <\/i><\/p>\n

Det er viktig \u00e5 merke seg at vi installerer PHP-pakker for ulike versjoner, fordi det vanligvis kun ligger \u00e9n versjon av PHP i alle distribusjoner. <\/p>\n

Sikkerhet f\u00f8rst!<\/h4>\n

\nEn av hovedoppgavene med virtuell hosting er \u00e5 sikre kundens data. Ulike kontoer, selv om de ligger p\u00e5 \u00e9n server, er autonome og uavhengige. Hvordan fungerer dette?<\/p>\n

Filene til nettstedene lagres i brukernes hjemmekataloger, og i den virtuelle verten til webserverne angis de n\u00f8dvendige stiene. Det er viktig at webserverne, Nginx og Apache, har tilgang til de endelige filene til en bestemt kunde, siden webserveren kun kj\u00f8res av \u00e9n bruker. <\/p>\n

For Nginx benyttes en sikkerhetspatch utviklet av Timeweb-teamet: denne patchen endrer brukeren til den som er angitt i konfigurasjonsfilen for webserveren. <\/p>\n

For andre hosting-leverand\u00f8rer kan dette problemet l\u00f8ses, for eksempel via manipulering med utvidede rettigheter for filsystenet (ACL).<\/p>\n

For Apache brukes en multiprosesseringsmodul mpm-itk<\/a><\/noindex>. Den lar hver VirtualHost kj\u00f8res med eget brukernavn og gruppe-ID.
\n\"Apache
\nDermed, takket v\u00e6re operasjonene som er beskrevet ovenfor, oppn\u00e5r vi et sikkert isolert milj\u00f8 for hver kunde. I tillegg l\u00f8ser vi ogs\u00e5 skaleringsproblemer for delt hosting. <\/p>\n

Hvordan Apache og Nginx er satt sammen kan leses i den f\u00f8rste delen<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00e5r artikkel. I tillegg beskriver vi der en alternativ konfigurasjon via dedikert ordning.<\/p>\n

Hvis du har sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5l til v\u00e5re eksperter, skriv i kommentarfeltet. Vi vil gj\u00f8re v\u00e5rt beste for \u00e5 svare p\u00e5 alt eller beskrive en l\u00f8sning p\u00e5 problemet mer detaljert i kommende artikler.
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache \u0438 Nginx \u0432 Timeweb. \u041c\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435! \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 PHP \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c. \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 (Shared-\u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":89478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. 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