{"id":95368,"date":"2020-09-28T13:42:14","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T11:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-openssh-8-4"},"modified":"2020-09-28T13:42:14","modified_gmt":"2020-09-28T11:42:14","slug":"reliz-openssh-8-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/no\/blog\/news\/reliz-openssh-8-4","title":{"rendered":"Utgivelsen av OpenSSH 8.4","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Etter fire m\u00e5neders utvikling <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.mindrot.org\/pipermail\/openssh-unix-dev\/2020-September\/038826.html\">ble presentert<\/a><\/noindex> er lanseringen av OpenSSH 8.4, en \u00e5pen implementering av klient og server for drift over SSH 2.0 og SFTP-protokoller.<\/p>\n<p>Hovedendringer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sikkerhetsrelaterte endringer:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> I ssh-agent ved bruk av FIDO-n\u00f8kler, som ikke er laget for autentisering via SSH (n\u00f8kkelidentifikatoren begynner ikke med strengen 'ssh:'), utf\u00f8res det n\u00e5 en sjekk p\u00e5 at meldingen blir signert med metoder som brukes i SSH-protokollen. Endringen vil forhindre omdirigering av ssh-agent til eksterne vertsdatamaskiner som har FIDO-n\u00f8kler, for \u00e5 blokkere muligheten for \u00e5 bruke disse n\u00f8klene til \u00e5 generere signaturer for webautentisering (det motsatte tilfellet, der nettleseren kan signere en SSH-foresp\u00f8rsel, er opprinnelig ekskludert ved \u00e5 bruke prefikset 'ssh:' i n\u00f8kkelidentifikatoren).\n<li class=\"l\"> I ssh-keygen er st\u00f8tte for tillegget credProtect inkludert ved generering av residentn\u00f8kkel, beskrevet i FIDO 2.1-spesifikasjonen, som gir ekstra beskyttelse for n\u00f8kler gjennom obligatorisk foresp\u00f8rsel om PIN-kode f\u00f8r enhver operasjon som kan f\u00f8re til uthenting av residentn\u00f8kkelen fra token.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Endringer som potensielt bryter kompatibiliteten:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> For st\u00f8tte til FIDO\/U2F anbefales det \u00e5 bruke libfido2-biblioteket, versjon 1.5.0 eller nyere. Det finnes delvis st\u00f8tte for eldre utgaver, men i s\u00e5 fall vil funksjoner som residentn\u00f8kler, PIN-foresp\u00f8rsel og tilkobling av flere tokens ikke v\u00e6re tilgjengelige.\n<li class=\"l\"> I ssh-keygen er det lagt til data for autentifikatoren i bekreftelsesinformasjon, som er valgfritt \u00e5 lagre ved generering av FIDO-n\u00f8kkel, som er n\u00f8dvendig for \u00e5 validere bekreftende digitale signaturer.\n<li class=\"l\"> API-en som brukes ved interaksjon mellom OpenSSH og lagene for \u00e5 kontakte FIDO-tokens er endret.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ved bygging av den b\u00e6rbare versjonen av OpenSSH kreves n\u00e5 automake for \u00e5 lage configure-skriptet og tilh\u00f8rende byggfiler (hvis byggingen utf\u00f8res fra en publisert tar-fil med kode, kreves det ikke regenerering av configure).\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> I ssh og ssh-keygen er det lagt til st\u00f8tte for FIDO-n\u00f8kler som krever bekreftelse med en PIN-kode. For \u00e5 generere n\u00f8kler med PIN har ssh-keygen f\u00e5tt alternativet 'verify-required'. Ved bruk av slike n\u00f8kler vises det en foresp\u00f8rsel til brukeren om \u00e5 bekrefte handlingene sine ved \u00e5 skrive inn PIN-koden f\u00f8r signeringsoperasjonen utf\u00f8res.\n<li class=\"l\"> I sshd er det implementert et alternativ i innstillingen authorized_keys kalt 'verify-required', som krever bruk av verifiseringsmuligheter for \u00e5 bekrefte tilstedev\u00e6relse av brukeren under token-operasjoner. FIDO-standarden gir flere muligheter for slik verifisering, men for \u00f8yeblikket st\u00f8tter OpenSSH bare PIN-baserte sjekker.\n<li class=\"l\"> I sshd og ssh-keygen er st\u00f8tte for verifisering av digitale signaturer i samsvar med FIDO Webauthn-standarden lagt til, som lar FIDO-n\u00f8kler brukes i nettlesere.\n<li class=\"l\"> I ssh i innstillingene CertificateFile,<br \/>\n   ControlPath, IdentityAgent, IdentityFile, LocalForward og<br \/>\n   RemoteForward tillater substitusjon av verdier fra milj\u00f8variabler, angitt i formatet '${ENV}'. <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> I ssh og ssh-agent er st\u00f8tte for milj\u00f8variabelen $SSH_ASKPASS_REQUIRE lagt til, som kan brukes til \u00e5 aktivere eller deaktivere anropet til ssh-askpass.\n<li class=\"l\"> I ssh i ssh_config er det i direktivet AddKeysToAgent lagt til en mulighet for \u00e5 begrense gyldigheten til n\u00f8kkelen. Etter at den angitte grensen er passert, blir n\u00f8klene automatisk fjernet fra ssh-agent.\n<li class=\"l\"> I scp og sftp kan man n\u00e5 eksplisitt tillate omdirigering med ssh-agent ved \u00e5 bruke flagget '-A' (som standard er omdirigering forbudt).\n<li class=\"l\"> I ssh-innstillingene er det lagt til st\u00f8tte for substitusjon '%k', som definerer navnet p\u00e5 verts n\u00f8kkelen. Denne muligheten kan brukes til \u00e5 dele n\u00f8klene i separate filer (for eksempel 'UserKnownHostsFile ~\/.ssh\/known_hosts.d\/%k').\n<li class=\"l\"> Bruken av operasjonen 'ssh-add -d -' til \u00e5 lese fra stdin n\u00f8klene som skal fjernes, er tillatt.\n<li class=\"l\"> I sshd er det lagt til logging av starten og avslutningen av prosessen for nedskj\u00e6ring av tilkoblinger, regulert av parameteren MaxStartups.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Utviklerne av OpenSSH har ogs\u00e5 p\u00e5minnet om den forest\u00e5ende overgangen av algoritmer som bruker SHA-1-hash som utdaterte, grunnet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52149\">\u00f8kt<\/a><\/noindex> effektiviteten av kollisjonsangrep med en bestemt prefiks (kostnaden for \u00e5 finne en kollisjon vurderes til omtrent 45 tusen dollar). I en av de kommende utgavene planlegger de \u00e5 deaktivere standardmuligheten for \u00e5 bruke algoritmen for digitale signaturer med offentlig n\u00f8kkel \u00abssh-rsa\u00bb, som nevnes i den originale RFC for SSH-protokollen og fortsatt er utbredt i praksis (for \u00e5 sjekke bruken av ssh-rsa i systemene dine, kan du pr\u00f8ve \u00e5 koble til via ssh med alternativet \u00ab-oHostKeyAlgorithms=-ssh-rsa\u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>For \u00e5 lette overgangen til nye algoritmer i OpenSSH, vil innstillingen UpdateHostKeys i neste utgave som standard v\u00e6re aktivert, som automatisk vil overf\u00f8re klienter til mer p\u00e5litelige algoritmer. Blant de anbefalte algoritmene for migrasjon er rsa-sha2-256\/512 basert p\u00e5 RFC8332 RSA SHA-2 (st\u00f8ttet fra OpenSSH 7.2 og brukt som standard), ssh-ed25519 (st\u00f8ttet fra OpenSSH 6.5) og ecdsa-sha2-nistp256\/384\/521 basert p\u00e5 RFC5656 ECDSA (st\u00f8ttet fra OpenSSH 5.7). <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53793\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 OpenSSH 8.4, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c SSH 2.0 \u0438 SFTP. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0412 ssh-agent \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 FIDO, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 SSH (\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 &#171;ssh:&#187;), \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 OpenSSH 8.4, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" 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